 region express desire to be retrained on SDG indicator 2.4.1 which is an important sign showing the country interest in Agenda 2030 in general and measuring and monitoring sustainable agriculture for informed policy making in particular using the SDG indicator 2.1, 2.4.1 framework. For this training please note that we will keep the agenda a bit flexible meaning the actual timings of the session may vary from the one shared with you in the draft agenda. In case if we don't find time today to answer your questions due to longevity of some sessions that I expect we request you to send us your questions in the chat section that we will try to answer at an appropriate time. So the core objective of today's training, maybe let me present some rules for the meeting. I'm going to come to that. The idea is to provide you a detailed training on SDG indicator 2.4.1 methodology, its compilation and interpretation. These are the sessions that we will cover in detail today. We will show you the theoretical part as well as some made up data that will help you how to go about data analysis once the information is collected in the field on the data items and variables required to construct SDG 2.4.1. Then we will introduce the data collection tools and instruments developed for collecting and reporting data on the indicator in more detail. We will cover that part tomorrow in sufficient detail. We will also help you understand and will with the data gaps with the requirement of SDG 2.4.1 and discuss with you jointly the concrete plans to collect data on the indicator in the short, medium and longer term. This is the section which we will partially cover hopefully tomorrow and partially on the third day. Obviously the last but not the least objective of this training is to assemble key stakeholders, both data producers, that is the policy, that is the national statistical offices as well as the relevant ministry and institutions but as well as the users, that is the policy makers who are then going to use this information to make informed policies. Let me remind you that at FAO we developed global public goods, that is methodologies, standards and classification systems and coordination, consultation and obviously close partnership with key stakeholders at our levels. This training is another important step in that direction to further strengthen the process of engagement with the member states. We acknowledge and appreciate the member states collaboration and support and as I mentioned further strengthening each other capacities and capabilities and to learn from each other experiences to address the challenges of hunger and malnutrition and other major aspects related to agriculture at the national, regional and global level. For this training, Stefania already introduced herself. I'm going to be joined by her. She's going to be playing a key role of facilitator and moderator during the course of the next three days. In case if you have any questions or issues related to technology or connection, please don't hesitate to write to her in the chat box. Now I will request Stefania to basically set the housekeeping rules that will govern this training. So Stefania, the floor is yours now. Okay. Thank you very much. Maybe you want to stop sharing the screen so that I can share my presentation. Okay. Thank you. Okay. So you can see, right? Yes. Okay. So thanks again for this introductory speech. So now let me give you immediately some quick, quickly some instructions that were actually already listed in the concept note, but it's important to highlight again a few. So first of all, preferably use a PC or a laptop and not a mobile phone or a tablet. This is because the content sometimes could be heavy to follow. So it's important to have a big screen and it's also important that you are comfortable and in a silent state. So with no background noise or echo and that you have a clear vision of your monitor. And please turn off all the sound notification like Skype, WhatsApp, emails, whatever. If you have connectivity issues, our voice breaks or the video freeze, close the other applications that might be open on your computer. And if it doesn't work, you can also maybe check through your house or your office, whatever you are, if you can switch off some devices. You can access Zoom from all devices. So via web browser or via the application. But we strongly suggest that you download the app and please be sure that you have the latest version of this Zoom application. So please check if you have some updates to do, because if not, some new features will not work and also for the enhancement of the security of the application. It's very easy. So to do this, you just open up and you click on your profile picture in the top right of the Zoom window. And then you check for the updates. For better sound quality, please use the, don't use your basic computer microphone if possible, but use a USB headset with integrated microphone or a wired earphone and microphone. If several participants use one unique microphone and they already know we have some participants, please make sure that we're speaking close to the microphone. For future use, the sessions will be recorded and uploaded online on the SDG webpage. So in case you don't want to show your research, please keep your camera off even when you're talking. So let me say that for the lead representative, if you all know that we have asked two lead representatives of each country, just for information, we have a couple of countries that didn't give me the names and these are Madagascar and Namibia. So if you want, please write me in the chat who are these two, for these two countries the lead representatives so that I can promote them as a panelist. I also have some doubts for Mozambique because I got the names but not the email addresses. So please for these three countries if you want, please share the names so that I can change this stuff to a panelist. So this is only for the lead representative. You are visualized as a panelist too. I'm sorry, I have some background noise. But you can hear me well. So please follow the meeting in the mute mode and click the unmute button only when speaking or when you are hearing the floor. This is because today we are more than 100 as Sandia said and all things have happened to have some noises in the background as I am going in this moment and disturbing so I apologize. And we can also ask you to have the camera switched off unless you are speaking of course. So the two icons are here on the bottom left of the Zoom interface. For the other participants you don't have the possibility to unmute or to turn off the camera but the OS can allow you to do it. So this will be granted with the legal exception. We apologize but it is need for this kind of meetings with such a big number of participants. So if you have a question that cannot be answered in the question and answer section and you are not among the lead representatives please ask the floor and we will evaluate case by case if allowing this exception. So as said for both the lead representative and the participants at any time during the webinar you'll have the opportunity to submit your question to today's presenters. So to do this just type your question in the question and answer section here displayed and do not use the chat box please. You can directly write the question or you can mention that we have one and wait for the SDG 241 team to give you the floor. Then in this case you are asked to unmute yourself alone to switch on the video if you want and in case there is some internet connection please be ready to turn the camera off of course and please speak loud and close to the microphone stating first your country name please and then your question and please speak concisely, slowly and clearly because we have the simultaneous translation so that it is later can translate well and clearly also to the other participants and when you have finished you can mute yourself back and switch off the camera. You can also raise the hand virtually for requesting the floor so look for this symbol it is the raise the hand function and please if you don't have it in the this icon in the bottom bar you can find it in the participants menu. Before saying this let me go back so as Fandia already mentioned but just to say again so as time allows the presenters will address as many questions as they can during the question and answer session at the end of each presentation so the floor will be passed to participants based on the order that appears on my screen of my screen to the extent possible of course so if many questions are asked we will try to consolidate them by subject and if still there are so many questions be sure that we will be answered by email in case we don't have time so but anyway please be sure that we will reply to all of them. For the lead representatives please change your name and insert first the country and then your name so to do this you just click on the dots appearing in the right hand corner of your image box and you need to select rename so you insert first your country and then the last name please. From time to time the SVG team will ask questions as sort of quizzes through the poll function in Zoom so please don't hesitate to ask clarification if something is not clear since you will be asked to submit so you will be asked to ask to reply sorry all the questions so finally whatever issue you have please write me my name is Stefania Bacci you can use the private chat and you can change it easily in the general chat you just need to change the recipient's name to all panelists and I will be happy to ask to help you for any kind of doubts and questions and for whatever technical issues you have. So you all know we have the interpretation is available in French and can be selected at the bottom bar you can see this icon here displayed please consider the interpretation options only available if you have downloaded the app therefore if you don't see it it's because you are connected through the web browser so if you prefer to follow the training in French switch on the French channel by clicking here as shown in the screenshot and you will hear the your translation at 80 percent of the volume with the original speaker at 20 percent so you can still hear the the tone and the intonation of the speaker please bear in mind that in a virtual meeting audio quality may deteriorate and explicit and become insufficient for interpretation purpose so our interpreters will indicate this verbally and resume the interpretation as soon as the sound quality permits very important if you are anglophone please do not stay on off but switch immediately to the English channel yeah you have also other options so for example if you prefer to mute completely the the original audio and listening only the French so we have David Heyman, Adam Glitsen, Sanam Koumetso and Timothy Wodokopare they are the our four interpreters today and for the next days of course and you can see the word interpreter close to their names so please pay attention to the icons if you see the flags indicated the languages it means that the OZOOM application is not updated so in case just update the application you need instead to see the initials of the language and of the flags let me finish with some instructions so the link of the recordings of the entire virtual training will be shared with you after the third day we will be sending the certificates to all participants that will attend the three days so we apologize but we cannot send the certificate to those who attended only one of two days and please consider we have already shared in advance all the previous presentation but we will share them again after the third day today together with other many supporting documents so that's all for concerning the rules let me share with you now quickly the agenda I know that Asfandiaro already mentioned what we are going to see but let's see here displayed in this excel so today we will start actually with a very intense day we are going to learn everything about the SPG 241 specifically we will see all the 11th to be together they've composed the three dimensions so the economic the environmental and the social dimensions today let's say we should pay big attention to all what will be displayed because it's the fundamental part of the whole training and after each subindicator presented and explained by Asfandiaro we will give you an exercise you have actually received already the exercise integration email and we will read them together on how to calculate each subindicator moreover we will be launching as I said before some quizzes to assess if you have adequately acquired the knowledge task and during the presentation of course we will be taking 10 minutes break every day so let's go to the second day super second day let me go down okay so tomorrow we will continue with the remaining subindicators because for sure we will not have the time to finish everything today then we will present the data collection tools so meaning the two questionnaires and we will talk about the alternative data sources and finally a colleague of ours from the address team will present also the address survey project and the 50 by 20 initiative and we will close with the presentation on the results of the first comprehensive dispatch of the super one indicator I think there is I need to mute okay last day that okay so on the last day we will open the day with a colleague from our team showing the file such and then we will be concentrated on the short medium and long-term expectation for the sdg211 and finally we will open the discussion to all countries so especially on this third day the lead representative will be requested to speak up and share their experience and concerns on the sdg211 data collection and calculation so I stop sharing and so if you don't have any questions at the moment or maybe we have already one question okay so there is a problem I will leave the floor now to Asfandia and then let me try to solve the issues of our colleague thank you everyone Asfandia you have the floor thank you very much Stefania for this very thorough introduction and setting the rules for the for the for the training so let me immediately begin begin with the first session which is which will be about the sdg indicator 2.4.1 in general Stefania can you okay so I hear some you know some noises in the background so to give you some historical perspective in early 2016 the FAO strategic program on sustainable agriculture and global strategy to improve agriculture and rural statistics joined forces to develop the pioneer methodology for the then tier 3 sdg indicator 2.4.1 this was to measure progress towards target 2.4 now as many of you may know defining and measuring sustainable agriculture which is a multi-dimensional concept is challenging the reason is obvious it is complex country specific and thus despite several attempts in the past 50 years since 1970 has never been done before given this multi-dimensionality of sustainability concept FAO initiated a global discussion to deliberate the fundamental questions that is what sustainability means in the context of agriculture what are its fundamental building blocks what are the economic social and environmental factors that affect and are in turn affected by sustainability in agriculture both in an inter temporal and interspatial way what thematic aspects to keep as part of the framework of sustainability and what to let go off how to strike balance between different sustainability issues faced by different regions and countries how it will be measured and monitored consistently over time in a cost-effective way using a framework and data collection tools that are universal in nature so we try to address all these questions which I just narrated as part of the methodological development of of sdg 2.4.1 as we proceed with this training you will find out that the methodology for the indicator though the indicator is complex no doubt because it cut across the three dimensions of sustainability is the methodology is designed in a way which is very logical rational and and stepwise so it involves simple arithmetic rules to arrive at sustainability assessment of the country once the data has been collected clean processed and analyzed data collected through through different agriculture surveys sciences etc now the approved and endorsed methodology of sdg 2.4.1 is a result of a long participatory and consultative process that involved discussion with and contribution of thematic or subject matter experts statisticians policy makers and researchers from country institutions that is the national statistical offices ministry of agriculture international organizations civil society private sector and academia the reason behind us involving all these key stakeholders with such diverse backgrounds was to make this indicator owned by everyone especially countries the current methodology of sdg 2.4.1 embodies the following principles it is universal policy relevant practical in terms of in terms of its in terms of its cost effectiveness though though that that part is a bit questionable as we progress through the training you will see as to as to what what does practicality entails now the way the methodology of this multi-dimensional indicator is designed and as I mentioned as you will see during this training is is simple logical and practical this was of course to ensure the sustainability of the indicator monitoring over time at the at the country level now I'm not going to go through the objectives because I'll already touched upon these in my in my previous intervention but in a nutshell we will go over the methodology we will talk about the data collection tools and instruments we will try to understand as to what the data and capacity gaps are at the country level we will discuss with you your plans in terms of implementing sdg indicator 2.4.1 in the short medium and long term so in a nutshell you know the training will will revolve around around these objectives and we'll try to achieve achieve it so goal two zero hunger has five targets the target that we are interested in today is target 2.4 which is written in detail here as you can see like many other sdg targets this target is a very complex one we highlighted in red some of the key aspects that needs to be captured and monitored as we try to measure progress towards target 2.4 sustainability resilience productivity production environmental considerations that is climate change extreme weather droughts flooding land and soil quality etc all all these aspects in one single target clearly this mandated FAO to develop an approach that captures these different dimensions or aspect of target 2.4 the indicator that was submitted to the inter agency and expert group on sustainable development goals which we call the IAEG sdg and which was approved in March 2015 is proportion of agriculture area under productive and sustainable agriculture the indicator is now clear too which means that the international methodology using which the indicator will be measured and monitored has now been approved by the IAEG sdg okay so the methodology is finalized where there were of course some refinements when we once we tabled the methodology for IAEG sdg approval in October 2018 then they can they they made conditional the tier upgrade of sdg 2.4.1 on the fact that you know FAO has to carry out some refinements in the biodiversity sub indicator that of course we will discuss during the course of this this training um anyhow the methodology was was uh re-endorse in November 2019 now tier 2 means methodology is available but very few data points exist currently at at a country level now the formula that we propose to measure sdg 2.4.1 is is indeed very simple and straightforward it's the area uh under productive and sustainable agriculture divided by the agriculture land area so let us focus on the on the denominator of the formula first because it's fairly it's fairly straightforward the agriculture land area is defined as arable land plus permanent crops and permanent meadows and pastures now it's a it's a well-known and established concept that is collected by statistical bodies in countries and compiled internationally via a questionnaire by FAO and and and in turn is disseminated through FAO stat now the issue obviously is with the numerator of the formula which is area under productive and sustainable agriculture how do we measure it what is clear from the description of the target that we discussed on the previous slide that we have to look at the sustainability uh in agriculture across its three dimensions that is economic social and environmental meaning the agriculture land area under productive and sustainable agriculture will be the agriculture area of those agriculture holdings or those uh uh agriculture farms that satisfy the sustainability criteria for the sub indicators that were selected across the three dimensions of sustainability as part of the methodology of sdg 2.4.1 of course we will we will cover each sub indicator in detail in the next session now here are the steps that were basically used in the methodological development of sdg 2.4.1 so at FAO of course in collaboration with all the key stakeholders that I mentioned on the previous slide we discussed and chose the scale of assessment of sdg 2.4.1 and the choice made for 2.4.1 was to was to uh was to adopt a bottoms of approach whereby we selected farms or agriculture holdings uh level sustainability that is then aggregated to the national level the second decision was to determine the scope of activities of the agriculture holdings that will be that will be covered uh as part of sdg 2.4.1 and the choice made was to cover or focus only on crops and livestock activities or production systems then we reviewed the dimensions that needs to be covered and we decided to stick to the classical dimension of sustainability that is economic social and environmental let me add here in the beginning of the process once we embark on the development of the indicators methodology we selected five dimensions that included in addition to the three already mentioned that is economic social and environmental two other dimensions um which were institutional or governance and resilience however uh later during uh you know the discussions the methodology evolved um and it was decided to integrate resilience uh with the economic environmental and social dimensions and drop the governance dimension as we are exclusively focused on agriculture holding level assessments of agricultural lands in terms of sustainability um we then zoomed into what we called um uh the dimensions um we we zoomed into what we call dimensions uh within the within dimensions into what we call teams or aspects i'm sorry um and in turn selected the sub indicators that are needed to measure the progress within each team or aspect uh we we then established sustainability criteria also known as uh thresholds or cutoff points for each sub indicator to classify the farms and agriculture area that it it owns operates by assigning it a traffic lights that is red yellow and green statuses then of course you know another another major decision for us was to a selection of the data collection instrument to collect and report data on sg241 and the choice made was to basically focus on agriculture surveys or or farm surveys in addition to farm surveys of course complimentary information can be can be extracted from synthesis and other and other data collection systems in place at a country level it could be administrative records etc of course we will discuss that in detail later on we also um discuss and decided on the periodicity of monitoring the indicator and the choice made for 241 was to was to set it at three years and finally modality of reporting the indicator this was for this we developed both a dashboard where all the 11 sub indicators or teams are presented in one single chart where each sub indicator is illustrated separately by sustainability status and and aggregate sg241 is also shown that can be calculated directly from the from the dashboard the principles that were used to develop the indicator first the policy relevance actionability we wanted to make sure that every sub indicator selected as part of sg241 framework had a meaning for the policy makers and thus provided information based on which informed decision can be taken to improve the situation on the ground at the national or sub national level meaning the sub indicators must be easily understood that is the reason why these are selected in first place and the results easily interpreted by the policy makers just to exemplify is agriculture sustainability decreasing and why and what policies or a mix of policies needs to be implemented to improve the situation and address the issues on the ground universality and comparability are fundamental we are in sg process a universal process thus we needed to make sure that the indicator is applicable or valid everywhere that is it must be relevant for all countries globally both developing as well as developed measurability and cost effectiveness were very high in our minds as we were trying to find a right balance between an ideal indicator from subject matter perspective and one that can be measured consistently over time with a reasonable cost by countries so the affordability of the indicator in terms of data collection and reporting was our top priority finally minimum cross correlation between the sub indicators um in this principle we try to select a limited set of themes and sub indicators so efforts were made to reduce cross correlation amongst different aspects themes or sub indicators that are used to measure progress within within within those aspects obviously as many of you know high cross correlation amongst sub indicators would imply that two or more sub indicators capture the same sustainability phenomenon or issue in this case inclusion of one sub indicator instead of several would have been sufficient to adequately measure agriculture sustainability performances of course while employing these methodological principle all these decisions had implication for the choice of the sub indicators for the different dimension aspects and themes the choice of sustainability criteria for each sub indicator and the level of sophistication or complexity in in data collection with regards to the measurement scope as we are interested in assigning agriculture areas sustainability statuses the basic or the fundamental unit of observation and measurement that were selected are our farms or agriculture holdings with focus on those that primarily engage in crops and livestock production activities or a mix of crops and livestock production the the final you know aim obviously was to see as to whether these agriculture holdings and the area that these agriculture holdings are managing or operating are economically feasible environmental friendly and and and the activities that they are performing are socially acceptable from this perspective we we included both intensive extensive as well as subsistence agriculture holding as long as their primary activities or crops or livestock or a mix of crops of livestock so these may include both food and not non food producers as well as those agriculture holding which are focused on growing um fodder um crops for fodder or energy purposes now what's in addition to the primary activities crops and livestock is within the scope so the six secondary activities are are considered like say for example aquaculture and agroforestry if and only if and this is a big condition if and only if these activities are performed as secondary activities apart from crops and livestock on the agriculture area of the farm okay so now what is out of scope of sdg241 holdings that are exclusively focused on aquaculture or agroforestry so the the holding for which the primary activity is aquaculture and agroforestry is not part of the scope or is not covered by sdg241 production from gardens backyards and hobby farms is excluded from the scope of sdg241 as well as food harvested from the wild nomadic pastoralism and common lands which are not exclusively um used by or managed by the agriculture holding for for production activities so all these are out of the scope of sdg241 now nomadic pastoralism i assume many of you are familiar with with this with this concept it's a practice of growing or rearing livestock by moving with animals from places to places in search of the pasture it's a way of life for people in many countries who do not live continually in the same place but move cyclically or periodically or seasonally from one area to another by anyways just to cut it short nomadic pastoralism is also excluded from the scope of sdg241 now the periodicity or reporting frequency of the indicator as i mentioned on the previous slide is set at three years and this was obviously the result of of various considerations first the sdg indicator 2.4.1 measures progress towards more productive and sustainable agriculture now for many sub indicators that have been selected and you will see that as part of the next presentation it is unlikely that their values will change from one year to another so these are more um um uh uh sub indicators which which captures structural phenomena right and secondly the three years data collection and reporting cycle will enable countries to have at least three data points on the indicator before 2030 assuming that they start reporting in the next year or so okay um so this will in turn help the countries as well as international institutions like FAO being custodian of sdg241 to make historical trends to assess countries as well as regional performance over time and and across countries and lastly of course the prime consideration was to reduce data collection and reporting burden on on member states or our countries in terms of in terms of reporting the indicator now as mentioned earlier sdg indicator 2.4.1 its current methodology is designed where information is collected primarily through agriculture surveys or farm surveys sustainability assessments are made and final results are expressed as a national value however the methodology is scale independent um what what do what do i mean by that meaning it can be adopted for any geographical level though any introduction of additional stratification variables will certainly have implications for the for the sample size and as well as the cost of data collection so in order to um further enrich the analysis for informed national policy making the indicator can be uh desegregated um at um at a sub national level and according to different types of farms that is household non-household crops livestock are mixed irrigated and non-irrigated and as i mentioned earlier that the indicator can can be further stratified or desegregated at a sub national level by size of farm or or gender of the holder of the holder of the holding now as i mentioned earlier the indicator is multi-dimensional this slide presents a table or matrix that um showcase everything that we need to know about this indicator 2.4.1 towards the extreme left you can see that the indicator cut across the three dimensions of sustainability economic environmental and social within each dimension we have selected uh uh themes or aspects for instance within the economic dimension you can see three things land productivity profitability and and resilience likewise in the environmental dimension we have five themes soil health water use fertilizer risk pesticides risk and biodiversity and within the social dimension we have three themes decent employment food security and land tenure now in order to measure progress towards these 11 themes we have selected um a sub indicator um so for instance to measure land productivity we have selected a sub indicator called farm output value per hectare to measure profitability we have selected net farm income and and so on an important consideration to take note of is that we have to being FAO we have to develop a universal framework that covers the entire spectrum of agriculture that that confronts sustainability issues that varies from one country to another or one region to another within the same country or one type of agriculture production production system to another additionally um so so just to highlight one one one more point not all sub indicators are applicable to all kind of farming systems of course we will discuss this in detail as part of each sub indicator but for instance the decent employment or wage rating in culture is only applicable to agriculture holdings that that is hiring unskilled uh labor as well as food security that is measured through food insecurity experience scale is applicable only to household farms and and secondly as I was mentioning earlier as you too for one major aspects some aspects which are structural in nature and hence the recall period or the reference period for some sub indicators um goes beyond one year so for instance profitability has a reference period for the last three years and I will explain it to you as part of that particular sub indicator as to why uh so is soil health and water use those are measured for for for uh for last three calendar years uh while food insecurity experience scale many of you may be aware of uh this uh indicator it's already an SDG indicator 2.1.2 um for this we have set the recall period or the reference period as last 12 months now as I said earlier the hardest choice was to limit the framework of SDG 2.1 to 11 teams and 11 sub indicators now a series of expert discussions in meetings you know uh consultations both in-person as well as online literature review uh and and and research has shown that sustainability is so complex that in general a much longer list of issues needs to be considered and used to capture sustainability in agriculture in this slide you can see some issues that are considered important but are not captured within the context or within the framework of SDG 2.1 um like say for example these are the aspect which are not sorry these are the aspect which are not covered um at the farm level and and these are the aspect which are not covered as part of SDG 2.1 framework uh beyond farm level uh though these are not uh covered within SDG 2.1 but we still being FAO recommend countries to consider these themes if these are relevant in your national or sub-national context in order to assess the sustainability of your agriculture at a national or sub-national level one critical point that we will discuss in detail as part of each sub indicator in the in the next presentation was of course the establishment of thresholds or sustainability criteria um that are used to assign sustainability statuses to each farm and the agricultural land area that it holds owns or or manage briefly thresholds or sustainability criteria or national our national policy based or international targets or science based absolute or relative values uh below or about which for each sub indicator the farm and its agricultural land area are assigned sustainability statuses so for each sub indicator um a criteria to assess sustainability levels have been developed um in order to capture the concept of continuous progress towards a higher level of sustainability as I mentioned earlier a traffic light approach was uh was developed in which three sustainability levels have been considered for each sub indicator um so green we call it desirable yellow is a status which we call acceptable and the red is something which is which is which we call unsustainable the traffic light approach acknowledges the tradeoffs um that exist between sustainability dimensions and themes um and of course um it it forces us to find an acceptable balance across across the different dimension and different themes each sub indicator is assessed at the level of agriculture holding and thereafter sustainability level is associated with the agricultural land area of that particular agricultural holding and then you know all this information is then uh is aggregated or added at the sub national or national level to arrive at um at a national level sustainability um now recollecting from the from the previous slide the reporting of sg241 can be done at various levels using both dashboard as well as aggregate indicator what we require a country to report on is a dashboard and aggregate indicator at the national level um what makes the dashboard approach more appealing is that it helps visualize the performances across the dimension as well as across independent themes and sub indicator separately and distinctly this makes the dashboard policy relevant and actionable as it gives the policy makers a tool to quickly check at a single glance where the major sustainability problems lies where to put in emphasis what policies needs to be um device and put in place and resources directed to address the situation um and to improve uh and to move towards more sustainable agriculture and added advantage of the dashboard is that it allows the possibility of combining data from from different sources apart from apart from the the core or the primary source which is agriculture survey now the computation and construction of each sub indicator is carried out separately uh sustainability assessments are made for each sub indicator at the agricultural holding level uh thereafter all farm level result associated with agriculture areas are aggregated and a national level picture is is is derived now just to just to give you an an example this is this is the main data for uh for an x y z country uh for for for a for a foreign year on the vertical axis we measure the percentage of agriculture land area on the horizontal axis we measure the different themes or the or the sub indicators in fact we have 11 themes and 11 sub indicators as you can see here you can at a single glance see where the major problem is so um obviously from from from this dashboard you see that the major problem is with profitability uh resilience and and and soil health sub indicators now the final aggregate 2.4.1 is derived from the dashboard at the country level the final number of 2.4.1 is the result of sub indicator that has recorded the highest level of unsustainability this can be easily done either using the formula below right or by looking at the dashboard and checking as to which sub indicator amongst the 11 has achieved the highest level of sustainability or unsustainability or red at the country level the performances of countries over time can be measured by the changes in proportion of agriculture area that is unsustainable um or convert by tracking the value of uh sustainability that is the area which is acceptable as well as uh desirable so let me let me go back here so once the dashboard is reflected at a national level for the 11 sub indicator by sustainability status is red yellow and green the aggregate value for sg 2.4.1 can be easily derived all you have to do is to look at the dashboard and draw a horizontal line which touches the maximum red on on any given sub indicator so in this for for this made up case uh fictitious data based on fictitious data as you can see the final value of sg 2.4.1 would be 40 which is the maximum that the country has reported for a given sub indicator in terms of unsustainability so we said in the beginning that policy relevance is very important consideration in this respect the dashboard is really interesting as it provides a structured and transparent framework to measure and report on sustainability sustainable agriculture it allows focus on the main issues related to sustainability and encourages discussion by linking it to policy actions and lastly it drives the policy uh towards agriculture sustainability issues with focus on interventions at at various levels uh needless needless to say that it is very easy to interpret in terms of the action to which the country agriculture is far from being productive and sustainable and as I mentioned it's very easy to identify and prioritize the area that require intervention so thank you I will stop here move forward with the next presentation and we move to the the framework which is indeed the core content of this thing so we will see in detail all the three-dimensional all the subindicators don't worry so as you have again the floor for the first uh the economic uh dimension I see uh an error just give me one second Siphania I'm gonna display my presentation yeah yeah perfect okay uh so in the meantime maybe they uh the sir that had the question I don't see the refund anymore maybe if you would like in the meantime to write the question the question is answered or maybe okay I I can give you the floor since Siphania is not okay he solved the problem so um good so in the previous presentation we learned about the conceptual and methodological basis of SE 241 that is its scope coverage themes subindicators periodicity and reporting in this session we will go through the 11 themes and 11 respective subindicator of SE 241 particularly focusing on the rationale for selection of the theme and the subindicators the data items required to construct the subindicators and the sustainability criteria developed to assign the farms and its agriculture area um red green and yellow statuses so as highlighted earlier uh SE 241 is defined using simple formula which is the area under productive and sustainable agriculture divided by divided by agricultural land area um again let us focus on agricultural land area this was a question which was repeatedly getting asked you know um in the previous session um so this agriculture land area definition is based on FAO land use classes and as such countries provide national level statistics annually via the relevant FAO state questionnaire uh on on on on agriculture land area to FAO um apart from apart from the these other classes very importantly the same land use classes are collected by census which automatically addresses the issue of common land in other words the agriculture census does not focus uh does focus on on farms only pardon me uh just like SE 241 and exclude common land along the lines of SE 241 so we focus on agriculture land area well established concept which is derived by adding um crop land as well as land under permanent meadows and and uh pastures are defined differently um you know uh uh and you know an aggregation of all these different land use classes land under temporary crops, land under temporary meadows and pastures, land under temporary FAO, land under permanent crops and land under permanent meadows and pastures combined together will give us agriculture land area now from permanent meadows and pastures and I was mentioning earlier if you know the agriculture holding is uh basically using uh pastures which are commonly used by several agriculture holding combinedly then you know we will we will of course exclude that part from the agriculture land area of that particular holding so that point needs to be uh you know kept in mind now in terms of um let me let me just go back here once again so another important point to keep in mind is that for estimation of agriculture land area uh we adhere to the system of environmental economic accounting agriculture forestry and fisheries and world census of agriculture uh 2020 standard and classification systems um we believe that many countries across the globe are using the CAFF as well as WCA 2020 and if you are compiling your you know um uh uh uh statistics using those definitions then you know arriving at agriculture land area shouldn't be a problem another uh important consideration consideration is the land tenure of the agriculture holding uh land tenure tenure in fact of the agriculture land that the agriculture holding is operating uh particularly from 241 perspective the scope include the entire agriculture land area which includes uh area owned and operated area rented in from other agriculture holdings or land borrowed for free or occupied or it could also include common land managed by the agriculture holding exclusively that's a very important point if the common land is managed exclusively by the holding then that that will be part of the scope in terms of land tenure um now the land which is owned by the holding but but it but it is rented out it is out of the scope of sg241 so here is an example of uh of four parcels um um of land managed by a given agriculture holding so parcel one you know this dotted line the green dotted line as you can see here um uh it is owned uh plot one is owned and used by the holding um uh plot two is followed so this particular agriculture uh this parcel one will be part of the scope of the um agriculture holding area parcel two is again owned and used by the agriculture holding so this will be considered as part of the scope of sg241 parcel four is is not owned by the holding but in fact it's rented in from another holding but it will be considered as part of the agriculture land area of that particular holding while parcel three it's owned but it's rented out so it's excluded from the from the scope of sg241 for that particular agriculture holding so this is this is just from the land tenure perspective to clarify as to what is included and what is excluded what's excluded is uh agriculture land rented out so this slide illustrates once again the framework of sg241 the three dimension and 11 sub indicator its applicability and reference period for data collection so as you can see here three dimension economic environmental and social 11 themes 11 sub indicators applicability of the sub indicators different agriculture production systems as well as the reference period um or the recall period um as I mentioned earlier the last calendar air could be you know it is up to the country for them to decide as what their agriculture air is okay so it's not mandatory for for for them to adhere to the last 12 months for them to be able to um you know provide the information on sg241 so it could be any um any reference period that is currently in use at the country level again from applicability perspective we will come back to this as part of the each sub indicator respectively so before going into the details of respective sub indicators let me provide you with the generic steps that will be used to estimate each sub indicator so once relevant qualitative information are collected through agriculture service and thereafter checked cleaned validated and stored on computer as excel spreadsheets it must be then transformed into appropriate quantitative primary variables that are in turn used to construct the 11 sub indicators of of sg241 so a set of scripts um and procedures typically carried out with statistical software such as data or are um are are applied to the survey data for constructing the primary variables that will in turn um are combined to construct each sub indicator so this will be this will be clarified in turn but however if you are entrusted and getting to know more about the generic steps involved in construction of each of the sub indicator at a high level we have provided you know um um this pdf document as well that you may want to have a look at so let's go to the first sub indicator in the economic dimension um the dimension is economic the theme is land productivity the coverage is all form types the reference period is last calendar year um the sub indicator is from output value per hectare now land productivity is a measure of agriculture value of outputs obtained on a given area of land in a given period in a given period of time at a farm level or agricultural holding level land productivity reflects technology and production processes for a given agro ecological condition in a broader sense and increase in the level of land productivity enables higher production per unit of land um now land productivity is driven by combination of multiple factors which include climate soil topography land use and management in addition to this land productivity varies not only in space but also in time this variability in land productivity occurs at different time scales from seasonal to inter-annual in response to variability and in rainfall um in the context of s241 we will use the classical approach to estimate land productivity that is first the farm output value in local currency units is estimated which is then divided by the agricultural land area of that particular agriculture holding and measured in hectares to derive land productivity and once this land productivity for an individual farm is calculated it is then compared against the farm output value per hectare of the of the agriculture holdings that belongs to the group of producer to which that particular agriculture holding belongs to um so the farm performance or the agriculture holding performance in terms of this subindicator is compared with a we its peers or its competitors in order to assign the red green and yellow statuses it will be clarified in in a term so for this subindicator one we are interested in the following data items to estimate the three primary variables so the formula is given as farm output value per hectare which is agriculture holding output value in local currency units divided by agriculture land area and hectares of that particular agriculture holding um so what what we need for the numerator is of course value of output which is nothing but the physical quantities into the farm gate prices of five main crops and its byproduct produced by the holding in a reference period if it is a primary crop producing agriculture farm five main livestock and its product produced by the holding in a reference period if it is a primarily livestock producing agriculture holding um or a mix of crops and livestock if it is producing um you know both crops and livestock and other unformed product produced by the holding in a reference period by these other unformed products what we mean to say is apart from the primary activities which could either be crops or livestock or a mix of these two other secondary activities performed by the agriculture holding okay so here it would include you know aquaculture if it is performed by agriculture apart from crops and livestock or or or other activities performed by the agriculture holding this so once the agriculture so so once the farm output value um is is is determined is uh is uh estimated what we need then is agriculture land area and hectares so so we would need the agriculture land area of that particular agriculture holding collected using the same definition which i uh described on the previous slide using cia a f f and w c a 2020 so once this is done then we will categorize uh you know the agriculture holdings by the different typologies which i mentioned earlier in my in the previous presentation household non household crops livestock and mix and irrigated and non irrigated and then what we will do is as a last step we will start comparing the the particular farm productivity with the way the uh the uh productivity of the entire distribution of farm selected as part of the sample but these steps will be uh clarified in the in the next slides so this is just an example of the crops and the buy and its by-product list um so these are you know some of some of the crops of course you know these crops will vary from uh from one region of the globe to another region of the globe as well as from one country to another and within the country from uh from one region to another and within within region from one agriculture holding to another right and these are some of the typical by-products that are produced by the agriculture holdings so for weeds I mean once the wheat is harvested you know as a by-product the farmer also produce stocks for rice you know straw and husk and so on some of the other on farm activities apart from the primary activities of crops and livestock it could be many things it could be um further processing of agriculture products carried out on the agriculture holding um it could very well be you know production of forestry products as well as production process and preserving of fish crustacean and and other and other um um uh agriculture produced but if these on farm activities are not practiced or or not um performed by the agriculture holding then of course simply these will be ignored okay so the as I mentioned earlier I mean in order for us for for countries to have precise estimates of the land productivity it's always recommended okay it's always recommended resources permitting that countries categorize their agricultural holdings by different types so the productivity and the rationale was that the productivity of of a given type of agricultural holding is different from another type of agricultural holding so household primarily crop producer which is irrigated may have a different productivity than um um than a non-household uh you know livestock producer okay so in order to basically compare apples with apples and not to not to mix up things we thought that it would be better to categorize farm by its typologies before we compare the productivities of different types of of agriculture of agricultural holdings so so once we once we categorize the agriculture holdings by different types depending on as to whether this is a household farm or non-household farm whether it's specialized in crops mixed or livestock production etc and the fact is whether it's irrigated and or not once we categorize the farms then we estimate you know the same farm output value per hectare which I explained on my previous slide so we estimate the farm output value and we divide by the agriculture land area for us to estimate the productivity at a at a given agriculture holding level in local currency units so just to exemplify um this is the an example of of a given agricultural holding the formula is simple it's the physical quantities multiplied by by the prices so let's say for example this is holding identification you know basically this is a number so this is holding one this holding is is focused only on on rice production these are the physical quantities these are the farm get prices that the farmer can can have if if he's he sells this commodity you know at the market and these are you know the simple multiplication of the physical quantities with the farm get prices to in order to arrive at the farm output value in local currency units of course we will have to carry out these calculation at a single commodity level and then we added up to estimate the total farm output value for that particular area now how do we how do we you know basically um um arrive at these numbers um these this data is is basically collected through a set of questions okay and these set of questions uh have to be integrated into the agriculture survey for the country to collect information on on on the quantities and the prices for them to be able to estimate the farm output value now the um most important consideration is once the farm output value uh per hectare or the farm productivity has been calculated for all agricultural holdings obviously categorized by different types each category of farm are ordered from the lowest to highest productivity with the farm output value per hectare corresponding to the 90th percentile identified according to the following formula so you know this is the formula for identifying the 90th percentile within the distribution of agriculture holdings by different categories so point nine into a total number of observations by category of farms so just to exemplify here we have about 20 farms the 90th percentile um is is estimated to be the farm which is number 18 and productivity for this particular agriculture holding is estimated to be 600 now once the 600 um uh productivity is is basically um um is highlighted to be a 90th percentile what we then need to do is to derive two thresholds the first one is two third of the 90th percentile and one third of the 90th percentile so the two third of the 90th percentile estimated to be 400 and one third of the 90th percentile estimated to be to be 200 now using these these two uh thresholds this is how we assign the um sustainability status the green yellow and red that I've been talking about uh in my in my previous presentation so for example if the farm output value per hectare or the farm productivity is lower than um the corresponding value associated with one third of the 90th percentile for the category of farm to which it belongs then the farm will be classified as as red if the farm output value per hectare is equal to or greater than the value corresponding to the two third of the 90th percentile um estimated for the distribution of category of farms to which this farm belongs then the farm will be classified as green and if the farm productivity falls between the two third and the one third of the 90th percentile of the categories of farm to which this farm belongs then this agricultural holding will be classified as as yellow um for the time being it may may may seem complex but you know with with you know with the next slide it will become more clearer so so as I mentioned to you earlier based on the three typologies um you know we can have 12 different combinations of agriculture holding it could be crop household irrigated it could be a livestock household irrigated the mixed household irrigated and so on the 90th percentile for each distribution is is then estimated the two third of the 90th percentile and one third of the 90th percentile is then estimated by by simply multiply two third with the 601 third with the with the 600 in this case 400 200 now the the the last and the final step which I was explaining earlier is for us to benchmark or compare the productivity of individual farm with the um with the productivity um of the 90th percentile derived from the distribution of agricultural holding to which to which this particular agricultural holdings belong to which is estimated to be 600 the two third is 400 and 200 as you can see the productivity of this particular agricultural holding is greater than the two third of the 90th percentile which which I showed you on the previous slide so if the farm output value is equal to or greater than the value corresponding to the two third of the 90th percentile then the farm will be classified as green or or desirable now let's take another example holding two the land productivity of this particular agricultural holding is estimated to be 300 the 90th percentile value for this category is estimated to be 800 um so once we compared the you know the 300 with the two third of the 800 one third of the 800 as you can see 300 falls within the two third and the one third and hence this holding and the land area that it owns manages and operates will be classified as acceptable and the last one the land productivity of this particular holding is estimated to be 200 which is less than the lower bound that is the one third of the 98th percentile and hence this farm is not performing well with a ways it's it's peers or with a way you know other agriculture holding will belong to the same category and hence this agriculture holding and by virtue of that the agriculture land area that it owns manages and operates is assigned as a as a right status so if you have if you have any question about this particular sub indicator and then please let me know the meeting so again we of course we we changed a bit already the agenda because we managed to to cover only the first sub indicator but i'm sure we will have more time tomorrow maybe we will adjust a little bit the agenda and let's see and so thank you very much and i will send again the presentation as promised and see you tomorrow at the same time for sure we will start really sharp because we realize that we need more time so at 11 a.m. Italy time of course you will calculate your timing we will see you again here with the same logistic so i think you need to register for the second day and then you will be locked in so thank you very much and as i said you can write us in the sdg241 account for any question you might have before tomorrow