 Let's jump right in. So news from Russia, you know, Ukraine's been on much of the defensive at the beginning of this war. It's been on the offensive in the last few months, really since the summer where it's made significant gains on the ground. Well, today was reported that, today and yesterday, I think it was reported that a couple of Air Force bases inside Russia, close to Moscow, one of them actually close to the Ukrainian border, the other close to Moscow, have been attacked by drones, by Ukrainian drones. So, Ukrainian taking the offensive into Russian territory. That is really, that hasn't happened much, not explicitly in this way. They've attacked Crimea, but Crimea, they claim is their territory. This is actually inside Russia. I think it's great news. I think it's good news that the Ukrainian have the capacity. It's good news that they have the guts to do it. It's good news that the Russians start feeling this in their home territory, while the Ukrainians, I think, smartly are not targeting civilians. They're not targeting military facilities. They blew up two bombers, as far as I can tell. And so, you know, good news, good news ultimately. And I think a shift in the war, I think we might be surprised this winter at the extent of Ukrainian advances against the Russian forces on the ground and the weather in spite of the cold, I think Ukraine is far better positioned to fight under these conditions than the Russians. And of course, we know that there's a huge gap in motivation between the two forces, which is crucial and huge at a time of war. We will see how the West, the United States and Western Europe use Ukrainian attacking Russia in Russia. When the United States supplied, the Ukrainians with long range artillery, the Himmars, they adjusted the, you know, they ejected the weapon system so they could not be used to attack targets within Russia. The Americans are not saying they do not want the Ukrainians to be on their offensive, or at least they're saying that they perceive the Ukraine attacking Russia on Russian land would be escalation that the United States would not support. So we'll see if they respond in any kind of negative way to, you know, to these attacks. Hopefully not. Ukraine has to do whatever it needs to do in order to defend itself. It needs to do whatever it needs to do in order to, in order to get rid of the, get rid of Russian forces from Ukrainian land. And if that means attacking Russia where Russia is, then so be it. You notice that the saber-rattling of our nuclear attack has kind of dissipated significantly. So, which is, which is interesting, which I suggested all along, that was incredibly unlikely that the Russians were actually serious about it. All right, we got Tessa from Copenhagen. That's cool. I assume we've got, on these shows we'll get more Europeans. We will see. Maybe it has something to do with the topics I choose, but we'll see if we get more Europeans given the time of day. Okay, let's see. So on the ground in Ukraine, things are very slow. The Russians keep attacking this one city or town in eastern Ukraine. They've been attacking it for months now. This is the Wagner group. This is really a group of mercenaries. So this is kind of a private military that the Russians have used all over the world, particularly in Syria. They've been attacking and attacking and attacking Bakhmut, I think it's called, though, something like that. And they still haven't taken the town. So a lot of fighting around there. There's a lot of fighting in other places around east and northeast Ukraine. Nobody is gaining anything so far. The Ukrainians seem to be chipping away at the Russian defenses, but everybody's kind of hunkered down for winter. But as I said, I expect Ukraine to make real gains this winter. All right, so that's for the Ukraine war. I'll update you periodically about what's going on there. But there's not much to talk about other than this attack. Relatively deep into Russian territory, which is kind of a first for the Ukrainians. And it shows how drones are going to change warfare completely. Drones are dramatically going to change warfare. You've got suicide drones that the Russians are using. And you've got missile-bearing drones. You've got a variety of different drones out there. But drones have been used now for 40 years, but they're really coming into their own. They are becoming a dominant weapon system on the battlefield. Let's see. What else did I want to say about Ukraine? Yeah, the only other thing about Ukraine, as you probably know this, is basically Russia is taking out all the electrical power, all the energy supplies into Ukraine, basically they're trying to freeze the Ukrainians into defeat. So they're trying to destroy the morale within Ukraine so that Ukrainians just give up. Ukrainians are going to have civilians in Ukraine and are going to have a very, very difficult winter with very little electricity and very little heat. And it's going to be a struggle, but I have a feeling, again, my sense is that this will not defeat the Ukrainians or it will not subdue the Ukrainians. The Ukrainians seems highly motivated to fight back and to win this war. Thank you for listening or watching The Iran Book Show. If you'd like to support the show, we make it as easy as possible for you to trade with me. You get value from listening, you get value from watching. Show your appreciation. You can do that by going to iranbrookshow.com. 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