 We note that most migration, even today, takes place voluntarily and without incident. Yet increasingly we see conflict and civil unrest, severe poverty, starvation, and lack of opportunity and climate change as drivers of migration out of necessity. Desperation and a lack of available legal pathways compel them to embark on precarious migration journeys and sustain networks of smugglers and human traffickers. This can create or exacerbate vulnerability, opening up migrants to exploitation or abuse. Over the past two decades, more than 50,000 individuals have died trying to cross international borders. For those who complete their journeys, life in a new country is often full of unanticipated hardship. They may face detention, violence and exploitation, gender-based violence and abuse, stress and trauma, inability to attend work or school, health complications, discrimination and xenophobia. These are just some of the challenges that large numbers of migrants experience on a daily basis all over the world. While we certainly don't have all the answers to these issues, Canada remains strongly committed to sharing the approaches that we have used and learned, both those that have worked and the ones that haven't, in our continued effort to find ways to cooperate internationally to help migrants in vulnerable situations.