 Hello everyone and welcome to Tutor Terrific. Today, I'm going to do a basic tutorial for you of the Texas Instruments TI-30X2S Scientific Calculator. This is a very standard scientific calculator. It uses the equation operating system, which means you're going to plug in expressions and they're going to show up on the screen and then you press enter to evaluate them. You can contrast that with the algebraic operating system that you'll find on your cell phone calculators, for example, which does one algebraic operation at a time and shows you the result after the operation is completed. Sometimes you place the number inside the calculator and then you press the operation afterwards. This is much different than that. We're going to get whole expressions out and we're going to press enter to evaluate them. Now this is a really good run-of-the-mill scientific calculator which works well for algebra classes or your integrated Math 1 or Math 2 course. It's very basic and has the basic scientific functions that we need. I'm going to go through that with you and how the calculator works. First, to turn the calculator on, of course, it's this button down here. When the calculator is on, you see the little blinking rectangle. This is a liquid crystal display, of course, in the top left corner. You also see a little notation of a few settings. DEG down here, this represents that you are in degree mode, which I'll talk about in a second. This arrow up here refers to the memory of the calculator which I will go through later. Let's test this calculator's order of operations. Let's make sure it knows to multiply before it adds, for example. Let's try 7 times 8 plus 3. Notice how it did not evaluate anything yet but has written an expression based on my inputs on the screen. If I want to evaluate this expression, which we hope it would do the multiplication before the addition, we would press Enter and we get 59. That's correct. 7 times 8, 56 plus 3, 59. So this calculator is doing that correctly. This calculator handles negatives differently than your cell phone algebraic operating system style calculator. If we would like a negative sign, we have to use this button, which has a little negative sign in parentheses, versus the subtraction button. If I try and create an expression using the subtraction button as a negative sign, such as negative 7, you can see that immediately it puts an A and S on the screen, which means it thinks you are subtracting something from your previous answer. So it does not do what you'd expect. If you do want negative 7, for example, you would type the negative button and then 7. That will give you negative 7. So negative 7 times 8 plus 3, for example. If we want to do that calculation again, we should get negative 53. So these are how negatives are handled. Now to clear something from the screen, we would press the clear button, like this, and it will revert back to the main screen. This calculator has a lot of features that allow you to edit your expression before you evaluate it. So let's say we type in negative 7 times 8 plus 3, and we want to edit our input expression. Well, you can easily do that with these left and right arrows. You can move across your expression to the left or to the right, and we can edit it. Let's say instead of a 7, I wanted to put a 9 here. Well, if I make sure the 7 is highlighted with the blinking cursor, I can overwrite anything with just pressing the button for the value that I wanted there instead. So now I have negative 9 times 8 plus 3. Now let's say you didn't want to overwrite something. You wanted to insert something. So let's say I wanted this to be negative 8, not 8. In order to do that, you have to press second, delete. Now what does the second button do? The second button here is like a shift button. Now it's hard to see, but there are little tiny expressions above the regular buttons on this calculator. And so it's like a whole other set of buttons for all of these function buttons, the black buttons on the calculator. And maybe some white ones like these down here. So above the DEL button for delete, you see INS, and that means insert. So if I press second, I know that the second button is depressed, so I'm in shift mode when I see a little second symbol right here in the corner of the calculator. So if I press delete now, it makes 8 blink in and out. What this means is not that 8 is going away, it means that I can insert anything before the 8, such as a minus sign. Now we see negative 9 times negative 8 plus 3. And I can keep inserting things in front of the 8 until I press an arrow button to get out. I can go to any part of the expression I want, and I can press delete to delete figures in the expression, digits or symbols in the expression. I can press enter when I'm done. Now this calculator has a really nice feature when it comes to memory. The memory of the calculator is accessed by pressing the up arrow. See the up arrow here? That tells me I have memory in the calculator. So if I press that, I first go back to the calculation expression I just did. But if I keep going, I can go back in time to previous expressions that I've done. And I can go down arrow to go to a more recent expression. And I can choose to edit that expression and change things and press enter. Another memory feature is called ANS. So this feature is automatically utilized when I press a button for an algebraic operation before I put a number, such as the plus sign. So what this is doing is it is accessing the previous answer from my previous expression, and I'm going to add something to it. Or I can subtract, or what have you, and get my next number. Now another way to use answers, if you like your previous answer, you need to use it for something else. Let's say you wanted to take your previous result and multiply it by 69. So I can press second minus sign. You see ANS there. That also generates your previous answer, which in this case was negative 159. You can press enter to get the result. This calculator is quite powerful. It can handle large numbers, but not as large as, for example, a graphing calculator. You can check my TI-83 plus tutorial video to see a more powerful graphing calculator that can handle large numbers. But this is plenty powerful enough for an algebra class or, like I said, a math one or math two course. Next I would like to show you some basic setting buttons on this calculator, because as you can see there's no button called mode in which most of the settings live. There is a setting button up here called DRG, and this allows you to change how the calculator handles angles in degree mode or radian mode. These are different types of angles. And so normally we switch back and forth between degrees and radians, and this is used for the trig buttons like sine, cosine, and tangent, which I'll get to a little later. So in addition to that, if you press second DRG, you can reconfigure how the calculator handles numbers. It is set to FLO, which stands for floating point numbers. So these are lots of digits where you can move the decimal point around, and that's a floating point number. Scientific numbers can be accessed through the setting here, and engineering settings are set there for numbers. Now if you want to reset where you want the mode calculated, you just move the arrows left or right. I'm going to keep things on floating point for this tutorial video, because that's the setting you most likely use. And to exit a menu you press clear. Now if I were to adjust what type of angles I use, for example, this DEG down here would change. So let's say I switch to radians by pressing the right arrow and pressing enter. You can see now RAD is highlighted instead of DEG, so you know you're in radian mode. So let me show you a few other basic operations you would do with a scientific calculator such as exponents, radicals, and scientific notation. So let's start with exponents. If you simply want to square a number, you would place the number in the calculator first and then press this button, X squared. And you'd see a little 2 show up as an exponent, and you press enter, you get the known result 25. If you'd like to raise a number to a higher power than 2, you have to press the following button. So let's put the number in that we want to raise to a power, and then you press this button. This is called carrot. Now carrot shows up like this as a superscript, but the number afterwards, such as 9, does not. That 9 is the exponent, but it does not show as a superscript like the previous squared button does, or the carrot itself. As you can see, this calculator can handle quite large numbers. Now, if you'd like to do a square root, there's a special shift button for that right above X squared. You can sort of faintly see the radical symbol there. So the correct way to do it is to press second X squared and then place what you want to take the square root of, like so. Now you see it has a parentheses there. You can choose to close or not close that parentheses if this is the last part of your expression. I recommend you get used to closing open parentheses because you find sometimes that you need to add more things afterwards. In this case, we're not going to do that. I'm just going to press enter on the square root of 25, and you can see that it is 5. What if I wanted to take the cube root or the fourth root or any higher order root than the square root of a number? Well, I will have to press the second carrot button. You see this symbol on top of that button. Now, this calculator requires you to put what degree root you want before you press that button. So as you can see, if I don't press anything, it is going to treat your previous answer as that degree, and we definitely don't want that. So what we're going to do is we're going to press, let's say we want the cube root of 8. We press the 3 for the cube root part, press second carrot to get the cube root function, and then don't ask me why they don't put parentheses, but they don't. We can either choose to put one in the parentheses right here or leave it out. So as we're doing a simple number 8, we don't really need parentheses. So this will evaluate the cube root of 8, 2, as we would come to expect. Now, how do we do scientific notation with this calculator? Well, this is a neat scientific calculator. There's actually two ways to do it. The log button, the second shift feature of the log button, you can see a little 10 to the x power. So if we try that, let's do 5 times 10 to the 6. I'm going to put the 5, I'm going to put times, and then second log. It gives me this, which looks like 10 to the power of, and then we just place the 6 in there, and as I said, get in the habit of closing your parentheses. As you can see, it pops out 5 million. There's another way to do scientific notation, however. And that is this x to the negative 1 button. The second feature of that is EE. Now EE is shorthand 4 times 10 to the, which is really nice because it actually saves you time. So if I want to do 5 times 10 to the 6 with this set of buttons, I do 5, second, x negative 1. You see a little E there, which means times 10 to the, and then I press the exponent I want for 10, 6, and I get 5 million again. So that's a little shorter way to do it, and that's what the E stands for, times 10 to the. Now let's check out some trigonometry functions on this calculator. As you can see, it has sine, cosine, and tangent, and above those buttons you see inverse sine, inverse cosine, and inverse tangent. Now this is where your angle type matters. If you want to be in radian mode, we would have to press DRG and switch over to RAD. I'm going to leave that in degree mode right now. So what I'm going to do is I'm going to evaluate the sine of 45 degrees. I don't have to put the degree symbol. It already knows I'm in degrees. I'll close the parentheses for good measure, and I will get this crazy decimal. So I can expect. So that's the sine of 45 degrees. Now I can do inverse trig functions by pressing second and then the trig button. So now I can calculate the inverse sine of something. How about 8 over 10? Remember for inverse trig functions, we are plugging in ratios of sides and getting angles out. So I'm going to do degree mode. It will give me the angle that should be the inverse sine of this value in degrees, which is 53 degrees. Now if I switch to radian mode, like so, and I evaluate the same expression, I will get something completely different because now I'm getting the same angle in radians rather than degrees. Now what if you wanted to do a reciprocal trig function like cosecant, for example, which is the reciprocal of sine? That's not the same thing as inverse sine. It's a reciprocal trig function. You would have to do the following. One divided by sine, for example, 45 degrees. Actually 45 radians. If you realize you're in the wrong mode, even in the middle of an expression being created, you can go to drg button and switch to your proper mode. So this will evaluate the cosecant of 45 degrees in this calculator. Now there is a special button here which I neglected to discuss when we were discussing exponents and that's the x-1 button. That will evaluate the reciprocal of your expression. For example, 6 to the negative 1 should give us the equivalent of 1 over 6 and that's what this decimal is. Now we know that these 6s go on forever for 1 sixth, but you can see the calculator has rounded because even though it's a floating point, it's on the floating point setting for numbers, it doesn't have an infinite number of digits. As you can see it has 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 digits to work with by default. And that's plenty for what you need it for in an algebra class like I've said before, but I just want you to know it's limitations. It's going to round that last 10th digit. Now this calculator has a specific button just for pi. Whether you're doing geometry or trigonometry and you need pi, you have that button right here. The calculator can evaluate pi for you if you press pi and then press enter to 10 digits, which is very nice. So let's say we wanted to use pi in a, for example, circumference calculation. Let's say the radius of our circle is 7 and we want to calculate the circumference of the circle. We would do, of course, 2 times pi times r. Now since pi is a symbol for a number, we can multiply it by just placing it next to another number. So this would evaluate 2 times pi and then we want the radius to be 7. So as you can see, 2 times pi times 7, that's 2 pi r for this particular circle. And it evaluates it for us, 43.98 and so on. Now you can use pi in the trig functions as well, but as you know, if you've done any trig, you need to be in radian mode because pi is an angle commonly used in radians. So let's say we want to evaluate the tangent of pi. We would just press tangent and then pi, make sure we're in radian mode, we get 0. Now let me show you how this calculator handles things that can't be evaluated, such as 1 divided by 0. So if you happen to do something that can't be evaluated, the calculator is already pre-programmed to give you the following result, divide by 0 error. Now there's another type of error called syntax error, which can result from you using the wrong or incorrect notations that can't be read by the calculator, such as, for example, let's say you're typing in your finger slips and you press the parentheses button and you don't close the parentheses or put anything after it. You get a syntax error. Now, if you want to figure out what happened, you just press clear on there and it will take you to the expression and you can find your error and fix it. Of course it's showing you that you need something inside that parentheses. Let's say instead we did 5 times 6 and then we closed the parentheses but forgot to open it. Of course we will get another syntax error if we press clear. It'll take us directly to that spot where there is an error. And we can of course say, oh yes, I didn't open that parentheses but I don't need it in this case. So I'll just delete it and then it will evaluate what we're trying to evaluate there. Alright guys, that's a basic intro look into this calculator. There's plenty more features the calculator has but those will be for another time as they're more advanced. So thanks to guys for watching. This is Falconator signing out.