 The study aims to understand the prevalence and determinants of COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy in China and examines the relationship between social media use, media trust, health information literacy, and COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy. Results show that lack of confidence and risk were identified as factors of COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy while age, occupation status and income levels were significantly associated with it. Additionally, frequency of social media use, diversity of social media use, media trust and health information literacy were significantly correlated with COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy. The conclusion is that increased frequency and diversity of social media use, media trust and health information literacy can mitigate COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy and promote COVID-19 vaccination. This article was authored by Hu Yoyang, Xiao Han Ma, and Xiong Wu.