 Okay, and then I will welcome Dario Canino. Good afternoon to everyone. First I would like to thank the organizers of this session for giving me the opportunity to be here today. In every new Roman foundation the only public spaces certainly planned from the beginning were the streets and the main public area that is the forum. The first town planning, Seterlain, must have been carried out by the Roman authorities since in the foundational phase could not yet exist a strong local elite, loyal to Rome, and able to assume the burden of financing new constructions. The first public areas of the city therefore were built with the money of Rome and the first structure that was built generally was sacred building that could be built on the site of a pre-existing sacred area. All the other buildings were built later and the real process of monumentalization could take place only if and when it was formed a new urban elite that possesses the necessary resource to finance architectural works of great commitment. As we know, Romans deduce the two types of colonies, the Colonia Latina and the Colonia Civium Romanorum. This last type represents small settlements totally dependent from Rome. Unfortunately, they did not constitute the jurisdictionally autonomous communities and at the beginning were not provided with buildings of a political and administrative nature. Only with the censorship of Cato of 184 BC even the forum of the Roman colonies were equipped with the necessary structures to carry out all the function for autonomous administration of the city. As for example in Minturne where the area at north of the Via Appia had already been defined in the republican age when the city had expanded outside the walls of the castrum, while between the second half of the first century BC and the full Augustan age was realized the monumentalization of the sector on the other side of the street with the construction of the forum square and many public buildings including the first basilica. The Latin colonies instead were originally foundations of the Latin League but after its dissolution in 338 BC Rome continued to deduce these colonies that formally constituted sovereign states at least with regard to internal relations because they could have own constitution, magistrates, laws, citizenship, coinage and army. Most of the data known today on the first Latin colonies come from research carried out on some cities founded between the end of the 4th century BC and the first half of the 3rd century BC, Cosa, Pestum, Alba Fusciens and Frigerle. These settlements have some important characteristic in common. One of these for example is that in all the city there are domes without room built near the forum. The structures found in Cosa were identified by Brown as Atria publica but the systematic excavation by Elizabeth Fentres or one of these structures the so-called domes of Diana attested that this building is a domes without room with an exit tabern. The investigation in Alba Fusciens have allowed the recognition of probable similar structures on the southern side of the forum below the basilica. Moreover, other residents of a certain value have been recognized close to the forum area. Similar situation are repeated also in Pestum and Frigerle. The presence of domes without room which have a look on the forum or built in its nearest areas shows that in urban planning the construction of houses for magistrates and the richer families was planned near the public area. Even in other cities similar situation can be identified. In Grumentum for example in the second half of the 1st century BC the north-west side of the forum were built some domes on axes with the main road which were obliterated by the later public structures. Or in Falerinovi where surface and magnetic surveys attested the presence of large residential structures to the north and south of the forum area. In Pompeii there is a greater concentration of prestigious residents in the insula of the so-called regions 6th and 7th near the forum. The domes are private structures but within them the patronus performs some function that can be considered public in which his residence, while remaining private, is opened to the visitors. As happens in the morning with Salutatio Matutina's use that is the moment when the pater familias received his clientes. Despite this original intrusion of the private sphere but partially public into the first forum areas these spaces are clearly defined from the beginning as public areas where took place public functions that were necessary for the administration of the city and the citizens. Romans could gather in different types of popular assemblies the meetings that gathered all the patrician and plebeian citizens were called comitsia and they took place in the comitsium which was the meeting place of the people while the courier was the meeting place of the local senate. So from the beginning exist two buildings courier and comitsium used as a meeting place which often are structurally linked forming a single complex that will constitute the centralizing element in the spatial unity of the forum in the Latin colonies of the republican age that is in other words the focal point of public life in the forum. Later the comitsium will lose its central role in the forum and was replaced by other more important buildings like the basilica. The courier instead will continue to be the central organ of the legislative power even more after the extension of Roman citizenship with the Lexiulia decivitate Latinisets such as Danda. And its importance is confirmed in the subsequent Lexiulia municipalis which establishes that anordo or asenatus is obligatorily part of the local administration in the municipia, in the colonies, in the prefectures and also in the forum and in the conciliabula. As we know in the Roman empire and so also in the provinces the political organization was based on urban communities in particular Colonia and municipia that were autonomous administrative entities. The organization of a new urban settlement took place on the basis of individual status which, however, were defined on the basis of a probable law with general characteristic expressed in fundamental forms that defined the common procedures for the urban and political structure of the new communities. In hispania as well as in all other parts of the empire the transition to the Roman administration was reached in different ways taking into consideration the urban tradition of each region or province. However, the passage to a privileged status implied the adoption of models that were based on a Roman public administration and that were common to almost all the cities with privileged status of the Roman empire. Generally there was not a total break with the previous administrative structures. Rome in fact had to relieve on the urban communities to be able to structure and organize the new territories requiring the support of local elites who had the potential resource to be able to face over the years to come all the changes that the new administration implied receiving in change social prestige and the economic power. So the concession by Rome of privileged status was connected with the progressive transformation of the urban structure and of the entire urban landscape. The monumental phase corresponded in general with the Augustian and Julio-Claudian age and during the reign of the Roman Empire Rome progressed legally gave to the public space a value of great importance and the urban decorum became a necessary condition in order to acquire a privileged status. Bilbilis Italica for example was built on a previously Tiberian center probably in the Sicilian age was given to the city the use Italicum in this moment in fact were attested the first sign of urban change. Then the city was elevated to the municipal status by Augustus with the toponym munisipium Augusta Bilbilis. It is probable that the new nucleus of Italic inhabitants played a primary role in the urban reform process of the city and consequently also in the transition to the new social status. A radical restructuring of the urban space takes place in those years and transform the city into a real moment of Romanity. Colonial Cesar Augusta was an immune colony of Roman citizens founded around 14 BC. The development of the city was certainly facilitated by the tax immunity and the protection of the emperor and his family who probably contributed by financing the construction of public buildings and infrastructures. The exact moment of the founding of Capara is still uncertain. It was a new foundation and had the legal status of opidum stipendiarium. In the Flavian age acquires the juridical status of munisipium shivium latinorum and the toponym of munisipium flavian caparensis. In this moment the city begun its face of major urban and monumental development. It spread the phenomenon of evergetism and the courier was built as the headquarters of the new munisipial institution. In the last years of the first century BC at the opidum of Libisosa was conferred the legal status of forum perhaps by Cesar. This is not a true Roman city but was used to centralize the public life of a large territory that lived scattered around the old Iberian opidum. From pleaning the elder we know that the settlement became a colony with the use italicum called Colonial Libisosa for Augustana probably in the Augustan age no later than 12 BC. In this time the city lived the moment of greatest urban development and was built the forum that was characterized by a certain research of scenographic effects. After the Roman conquest Colonia Virtus Ulyaitucci was achieved as stipendiaria. Then a colony was deducted between 30 and 28 BC. The city lives an intense constitutive activity that may be related to the legal promotion of the city which took place during the Octavian era and this is the moment when it was built the first unitary and monumental forum complex. From pleaning we know that Emporia was an opidum shivium Romanorum. The moment of a possible acquisition of the status of Colonia is a still debated topic. The granting of the status of munisipium was placed between the 27 and the 25 BC when Augustus was in Spain. In this moment the forum area lives profound changes including the construction of the particles in which the east arm was connected directly with the new basilica which oven had inside it and with the new curia. In the Augustan age was founded the munisipium of Lucentum on a previous Cartagena settlement. In concomitants with the munisipal foundation is built the first forum between 20 and 30 BC. The first construction phase of the complex lasted only few years and is only partially known while the second which was realized between the age of Augustus and death of Tiberius is the best known. The city of Saguntum as an alley of Rome lives a nearly process of romanization and holds the status of Civitas Federata. Around 55 BC the city possesses the juridical status of Latin Colonia at last became a munisipium during the Augustan age. In this moment the city lives a period of great transformations and new buildings were built including the large basilica on the west side. After the roman conquest the status of munisipium was acquired from the age of Augustus. Around 15 BC the forum complex was built as part of a monumentalization program that involved the whole city and was supported by local elite. The conversion into munisipium was of great importance in the life of the city and explained its subsequent economic and social well-being. Tarraco was a roman military settlement already attested in 218 BC. In the republican age the city was Achivitas Federata with the deduction of the Colonia Julia Urbs Triumfalis Tarraco the city acquires full roman law. The first complex consisted of the square by the first capital in temple and dates back to the 2nd century BC. In the Augustan age was built the new complex with the Edes Augustus, the basilica and the second part of the square. At least at Valerian the first phase of the forum dates back to the late republican age and is only partially known. After the acquisition of the youth slatsy granted by Augustus there was a radical urban organization which involved a new monumentalization of the city. In this moment was realized the second phase of the forum the new complex was built above the previous one raising the entire area and consists of a rectangular portico square close to the north by the new judicial basilica and on the north side to the east of the basilica there was the new Curia. These few examples and also many others attest out the monumentalization of the public areas closely related to the moment of the acquisition of a privileged status and especially that it can't depend on a hypothetical diffusion of models.