 Thank you Tibor and thank you and the Cedar for this afternoon. I want to say good afternoon to everyone. It's about the first yes it is afternoon for some evening for others and morning for even other other people in the audience yeah and thanks so much for giving me this opportunity to be able to share I will call it a life experience I'm not so certain whether my screen is visible it is visible though not yet in presentation mode you can launch presentation modes in slideshow for instance and it's been such an honor I mean after quite some time to get back to this to be able to be able to feature onto this and participate in this online seminar we did stop seeing your your screen Roberts for some reason of course the other thing here is that as opposed to the previous group presentation I it has been more of a technical presentation what I'm sharing in the next 10 minutes is more like experience sharing nice very important is it in presentation mode no not yet but if you yeah perfect so so I I'm talking about just about three four points here but and it's more like a story that has that has developed within my country for the last I could say a couple of two three four years and experience as the person that is involved in the in the water opportunity and based on the fact that my view is dictionary description requires me to look into statistics so I couldn't help but get caught up into this now for the start I would want to share give you a little bit of the background is that my country is hosting close to actually over one and a half million refugees and we had a very big influx in the 2016 that's about five six years back when we there was a lot of insecurity in the neighboring countries and I would sell our brothers and sisters across the country and it turns out that we have several locations across the country where these persons are hosted it's also important to note that we don't have refugee camps in my country we call them settlements because of the country's policy which is more than open door policy and then we we are looking at the environments that have to make sure that these persons are feeling comfortable so we have even adopted acts that provide for for example this again my country is allowed to go and find workers where for their sustainability they also have access to basic photo services and also the nation was allowed nation allows for their begin fines day until they feel safe return so that that's something very unique about our country but again in addition to this I don't know if this map is clear sorry it doesn't but you can see that if you have an impression of how these persons are sorted it's mainly in the northwest part of the country and the area I'm talking about is this if you could see my cursor where we have this big population we have what we call a comprehensive refugee response framework that has been developed and has hindered five pillars of course when disaster happened we have admission and rights then then we have the emergency response and then we have resilience so when the people are settled we have to give them self reliance expanded the solution then finally which is also very important to note we have the voluntary patrician so we have put acts in place that allow for the to be comfortable one of them we call the hope strategy that's the refugee and post population empowerment we have settlement agenda that are to look towards the transformation and then we also ask the host make sure that these persons are kept comfortable I have put a little bit of the statistics to give you an insight is what I'm going to talk about we're talking about this settlement called BDD that's the name it has got an area of 250 square kilometers with a population as of January of 146,000 meaning that density is about 285 now the host district is called Yombe and the this the population density is only 296,000 if you look at the national scale it's about 200 and some so you can have an idea of how this is so I tried picking this from the google satellite and if you look at these small dots they are not actually dots these are homestead if we take a closer look when the camera is maybe about one kilometer off the ground surface you can see the settlements very many of these and every dot you're seeing here is the household somebody's living there maybe two three four persons are living in that place so I have picked data starting straight back from around 2017 that is trying to show what the supply of water has been over this period of time for example I want to do attention to we have to economize during the demand of the water and what is supplied and then I have tried to unpack what is supplied now a while ago we had most of this water being carried through trucks and you can imagine this volume of water being carried through trucks every day and then over time we have had zero water being tracked and most of the water coming from ground water wells so the story here is that much as the water tracking contributed during the period where people have just come we have tried to find solutions and the solutions that ground water has contributed bringing down the water tracking of course later on I'm going to show you what it means to come here of course but ground water has been very very instrumental in in solving and trying to meet the DTC of course we still have the code for here in the demand and the supply but at least at this present level we have persons that least have been about 10 to 15 liters of water a day the ideal number is about 30 to 20 liters per day now the water supply situation of course traditional enough to use hand pumps but other existing water sources are maybe perennial and syringe pumps and things and you are very limited and except and then this is what we've been using the deep pumps the shallow wells and a little bit of the protected spring in this place and this is a little bit of the pictorial for what's that I'm going on there having the sources in place but I have to mention here that we as government have tried to come together with the United Nations Commission or it means to make sure that we do a transition coming from the hand pumps technology to what we're calling the pipe water technology and you can tell that these cups are coming up and the I think the the bigger part of the supply that you are seeing actually today includes about 43 pipe water systems and then only 100 hand pumps and the hand pump number dropped from it was I think starting from around 400 to about 100 in this single place now this is to me I think is the big story or and that's why I feel that this is something that I remember the theme of this discussion that we have had the innovation as a result of ground water the importance of ground water which I'm calling the invisible resource that at the national level the aid agency that affected persons have been able to benefit from their settlement has been made much easier because the ground water has been a catalyst in this particular now because of our principle the people living in these areas have also been able to derive livelihood where they are involved in given agriculture we're using water from the source they are doing other livelihood projects like water vending I think to Rafa you are familiar with this that is used in most of these African environments you know that water vending is a resource of income for so many people so even within the residues because of the ability for us to be able to interact with them the national and the residues are also vending water from within the settlement to outside the people those in the water there are other activities like maybe brick making or maybe putting up houses or houses and then residues themselves have also been trained to become a part of the team that does the operational maintenance of some of these resources so this is leading a dream to some of these people and added their livelihood and of course the host communities are also benefited from the presence of this most host communities not have the better supply of water but you can see that pipe water has been extended to their places of board and I think they have also redefined the livelihood for the host communities as well now if you look at a scale of who maybe if we're looking at the scope with respect to the commission the united nation high commission had a very big expenditure on of course overall but water also contributed to this between 2015-17 when was maximum and then when our intervention came in you can see that the graph was flattened until now where I guess it could get developed for 21 it would even be going down but what is the impact of this I think by being able to take water tracking out of the equation groundwater has significantly contributed to this achievement of course this cannot be achieved like see I was saying your threats also to this and I see that if you remember the photograph I shared in the photo all those households it's mandatory that they develop some form of sanitation and then to perform in the pipeline and this is what I'm trying to show so each of those households has got a pipeline and these are now potential sources of information and we are going to deal with that that's now another case to talk about and then also the other threads is that there have been a lot of wound that has been cut down to a device here for cooking and this also wetlands are being degraded of course if it's changing the rainfall regime the intensity of the duration then issues are coming with more runoff united and less situation then you may find that in a short while it may run out of water within the ground but I think now that is another case that we have to say to at the management level I want to to end my discussion in this slide that we are looking at is another threat the development of some of the water sources has been done in I call it an emergence away and you can see in this photo there are two pumps that are quite close to another I guess you agree with me that operating this is going to interfere but this could also be a question of extreme obstruction and these are things that we're going to be addressing probably maybe we could have a lot of research and this will help us find solutions actually for this discussion I want to thank you for your attention this is what I wanted to see thank you Robert thank you very much very interesting also very nice to see this really practical case study well and actually really an indicator an overview of how you're dealing with how groundwater has its importance and how you're dealing with the many challenges that have that have appeared and I'm looking in the question and answer box at this moment if there's a question linked to to your presentation not yet it might be arriving it links in a way also to Raphael's work on the potential and I was actually maybe I can ask question on Raphael linked to Robert's work to your work of it this this huge amount of refugees arriving and and needing of course to also to have a place to stay but also water resources was that was that also considered like in Kampala that's a huge amount of additional inhabitants let's say that arrived yeah of course I did mention that we have about 12 I mean settlements and we have what we are calling urban refugees now urban refugees are usually taken to be part of the population so we have the existing infrastructure to be sufficient to provide for their amenities so the the system here requires that the urban refugees through the commission are kind of like settled in some household somewhere and then this household should have who should have who services like maybe national grid power and then the water supply so they become part of the exactly we don't need to do specializing supplies to them yeah thank you there's another question coming in from Abram what kind of role does the private sector have or did it play in the development of the groundwater sources in these refugee settlements or was there a role for the private sector oh yeah definitely I think it's up around for this question now much as of course within the 15 minutes there's not a lot that can be said but I want to bring to the attention that the implementation the physical implementation all the infrastructure being mentioned about is done by the private sector so the commission and the ministry and whoever is concerned the agencies are coming together to make plans and so save and then go out and outsource the private sector because they are experts in doing this so we also have them involved but it's more like yeah um Robert do you see so there are studies out there especially from the from Richard Taylor and his group in the UK that that increase in intensity of rainfall can also in some places enhance the groundwater recharge and that is mostly through focal recharge meaning there is flooding happening and and and those waters can also recharge the aquifer system below you also mentioned of course the issue of runoff of flooding is is that currently a big issue in in compiler so the floods themselves and and do you see the also the potential benefit of that in terms of recharge of the aquifer yeah of course I mean once they are floods the first indicator they have been drained so you expect that the extraction of those grains will definitely I think the question here is how much contact the rain has with the ground so that you can have now within the within the settlements I wouldn't wish that we shouldn't have any occasion of that because why it might seem like is recharging but it could also be coming along within the pollution because like I did show the various number of latin there yes and what we have flood within these places yes first of all it's also going to displace the people and the farms are going to be maybe distorted the situation of recharge here is a little bit complicated it's like the way the area has been settled the settlements are located yeah what a recharge areas are more in the upstream than the downstream where the second and the people can have the rains in the upstream and they will come down here through the ground you are more comfortable if it happens within the settlements I think we might have immediate problems there are occasions where we have later outbreaks but so for process managers who would wish that yes we have rainfall but controlled and the amounts that come up exactly yes I see of course that links to water quality and also magua niambeka from the audience had a question on around any solutions that you're considering to to reduce or mitigate that that the potential pollution by the many pit latrines that you mentioned right especially if they're upstream of a borehole or well or spring they can give the serious problems to to these to these water sources yeah exactly I think what we had before in the onset maybe about four years back we were mainly focused in working hand-pump technology because these don't require a lot of input but we are operating in an emergency environment where people would want to have water immediately you cannot tell someone wait till tomorrow so after we had developed a critical mass of hand-pumps to carry us through at least provide this emergency water supply then we started looking at the future threats and one of those was the contamination so that's why I said earlier on we had over a network of over 400 hand-pumps that has now been reduced to close to 130 and then we had no pipeline assistance but now we have about 43 of those so the location of the boreholes that are providing one of the pipeline assistance has to be made strategically so that we can we're not so vulnerable to contaminate we can't roll out the effects of ground movement when it's talking ongoing but at least we can try to avoid that so we're avoiding water quality challenges tactfully by phasing out the traditional hand-pumps which are close to within the settlement and then go for the the large pipe water system where we can even afford some kind of treatment because it is mandatory that whichever water supply system is developed that the national scale has to have the chlorine-dosing component irrespective of whether the quality of the water was good at the time of construction so this also is our backup plan once we have further architectures to proceed the chlorine to make sure that a lot of yes I guess centralizing these these water sources also brings the advantage that you can protect them or you can have like you know protection zones around them versus the households or the hand-dark worlds where that is more complicated but they then have other advantages as well