 friends I am Arpita Karwa and in this video lecture I am going to talk about communication which is a very important topic in UGC net paper one. In the last audio lecture I have looked at the blueprint of UGC net paper, we looked at several important facts I tried to demystify Dorf's facts and I have given you a way through which you can channelise your preparation. I have also made a video on teaching aptitude in which I have talked about few important things few important topics which you must study if you are preparing for UGC net. In this video lecture I shall be looking at few important things that you must study in communication skills. So the first important topic is characteristics of communication. See communication is a very important process of our day to day life We have seen that we communicate with people day by day and communication word comes from Latin word which means to make information common. So any thing is called communication and it has got several characteristics. Number one, it is omnipresent. Communication is always omnipresent. Omnipresent means everywhere. There is no place where you cannot communicate. Then communication is a universal process. Everyone from small kids to adults to animals to insects to birds. Everybody, every creature in this earth communicates without communication we cannot sustain. So there is universality in the process of communication. Then we get to know that communication is a continuous process. So continuous communication is always omnipresent. I communicated with you and you gave me feedback. Then I communicated with you further and it keeps on going. It is a continuous process and most important it is a social process. Without communication we are not social animals. Human beings are social animals. We live in a society and how are we living in a society just because we are able to communicate to other people. So first thing that you need to look into which you need to study when you are looking at the topic communication is characteristics of communication. The second important thing that we are going to study in communication is the process of communication. Everything has a process. There is a process of making cakes, there is a process of making drawings. Similarly communication is also a process. But we do not know because we communicate so frequently that we never noticed that we are following a process. So first of all in the process of communication we have a sender. In this video I am the sender. I am sending a message. The second important component is message. We have a sender who sends the message. And the sender sends the message by encoding it. I had some ideas in my mind which I graphically, verbally communicated to you. And this process of transferring ideas into words is called encoding. So I am the sender sending a message by encoding it. And I am sending it through a channel. A channel through which this message is reaching you. So the fourth component in the process of communication is the channel. On the other side of the sender we have a receiver. All of you who are watching my video, you are all the receivers. And you will decode my message. Whatever I have told you if you are watching this video with your friends, you will see that everybody will interpret the information differently. I have said one thing but you will interpret it differently. That is because decoding is a process which is affected by your prior experience and knowledge. So you will decode my message on the basis of your prior experience and knowledge. By decoding you will understand my message. And finally you will give your feedback in the comment section. The process of communication will be complete. When I get your feedback, I will get to know what was good in this video, what was bad, what things I should change, what things you want me to make more videos. And this is how the process of communication ends. So in the process of communication we have a sender, we have a message. The sender encodes the message and sends the message through a channel. Then we have a receiver who decodes the message based on his or her prior experience and knowledge and finally gives the feedback to the sender. And this is how the process gets completed. Now we are going to look at the different kinds of communication. Now there are several classification of communication. The first category is communication based on direction. So direction is different and communication is classified according to those direction. For example, in a college the dean communicates to the assistant professor. Now this is an example of downward communication. Dean communicating to assistant professor. So rank may difference and if a superior person communicates to an inferior person that is downward communication. On the other hand if the assistant professor communicates to the dean that becomes upward communication. Upward communication. He communicates to the superior person. Now several assistant professors communicate with each other that is called horizontal communication. People of the same level are talking to each other. Horizontal communication. And then we have a diagonal communication. Diagonal communication means the person of one department is talking to the other department. For example Dean of English Literature talks to the dean of economic section. So this is a diagonal communication. So the first category of communication is different types of communication based on directions. The next kind of communication is based on the organizational structure. In childhood we used to write letters in English formal letter in formal letter. These are two major type of communications based on the organizational structure. Formal communication is official communication. When you have an official discussion in the office that is called formal communication. Informal communication is when you sit with your friends and you chit chat. That is informal communication. Another way of communication is called grapevine communication. Now grapevine communication basically happens in an organizational setup where colleagues gossip about a formal news. It is a formal communication which is talked about as a gossip in an informal way. That is called grapevine communication. The next classification of communication is on the basis of agents. So we have got like four major types of communication. We have intrapersonal communication which is a communication in which I talk to myself. If you have seen the movie Khoopsurat which had Fawad Khan and Sonam Kapoor. They keep on talking with themselves in the head. That is intrapersonal communication. Another category is interpersonal communication. When I am talking to another person two people communicating with each other is interpersonal communication. The third category is group communication. Now in group communication I address two or more than two people. Group discussions when we sit I am talking to the entire group. That is group communication. And finally fourth kind of communication is mass communication. Mass communication is when you communicate using mass media. Television, newspapers, YouTube. All these are channels through which you can communicate to masses. That is called mass communication. Now we look at another classification of communication. We have the most common type of communication is verbal communication. So we have verbal and non-verbal communication. Verbal communication includes oral and written language. So if I am talking to you this is a verbal communication. If I send a letter to you then that is also a verbal communication. Verbal means using words. So wherever I am communicating using words that will come under verbal communication. On the other hand we have non-verbal communication which is more interesting than verbal communication. Non-verbal communication has a very simple example. The game Shareds, Damsharas that we play in which we communicate using sign language. That is a part of non-verbal communication. Then through body language you can know a lot about the other person. Suppose I stand like this. Now this body language of mine shows that I am lethargic. I am tired. So I am communicating something to you without even using any word. That is how you communicate through eye contact, through gestures, through postures and that forms body language which is a part of non-verbal communication. And we have another very interesting non-verbal communication which is space language. Basically if you have ever gone to Mumbai you must have seen lovers sitting near marine drive. So when you see the lovers they have limited space between them. They are sitting very close to each other. Whereas if you talk to your boss you will maintain a distance. So distance communicates a lot about relationship between two individual. So space language or proximity is another form of non-verbal communication. So these are few important kinds of communication which you must keep in your mind. And if you look at these classification that I have told you, I am pretty sure that you must have felt it is very easy to compare because this is what we experience in our day to day life. And whatever we experience in our day to day life you don't need to mug up. You don't need to learn that. It becomes a part of your experience and you can automatically answer this question related to that. The next topic that you must study is barriers in communication. I recently watched a very interesting play which was titled as, Mera Wo Matlab Nahi Tha. And it has Anupam Kheer in the play. Mera Wo Matlab Nahi Tha jb mainin wo play dekhah. So that play basically talked about the idea ki Anupam Kheer aur uski laver hotiye wo pachas sal baad milte hai, ek dosara se. And they sit in the park and they discuss ki kya kya miscommunication ki wajise wo alag hoi. And that is where they keep on saying Mera Wo Matlab Nahi Tha, mainin wo nahi bolata, tumhne toh galata interpret kar liya. And that is where I got the idea that this is a perfect example of barriers in communication. Jab ham kisi se communicate karthe hain toh bohot baar ham dekhthe hain ki bohot saare barriers humare beech mein aajata hain. Distance, agar mai yaha khadi hoon aur koi mucse 500 meter ki doori pe hain. Toh mai kitna bhi chilla ke bolun, zaroori nahi hain usko wo chis samaj aayi gi properly. So distance becomes in barrier in communication. Another important barrier is psychological barriers. Agar soobha soobha meri apni friend se ladahi hui hai and if you communicate something to me in the day I might not pay attention to what you are saying because merah dhyaan meri ek friend ke saath mein hui jhagde pe hain. So psychologically agar mai disturb doon toh shayad mein dhyaan na doon. Then there are other barriers like language barrier. You are speaking to me in Tamil and I don't know Tamil or I have limited knowledge of Tamil, then that is a language barrier. If you are using technical jargons, agar aap bahad hi bade research scholar hain, jinaunne economics mein phd kari hain and if you talk about those big words, big terms of economics to me, I might not be able to understand that or I might misinterpret the words according to my knowledge. So technical jargons ke wajase bhi communication mein problem haati hai. So all these are important areas which must be taken care of whenever you are communicating to any person. The next topic that we are going to discuss is classroom communication. Anybody who is giving UGC Net exam will become a professor someday or the other in any university or college and it is very important for a professor to know how to manage or how to communicate in a classroom and that is why classroom communication is important when it is concerned with paper one. So if you look at classroom communication, you will see that classroom communication mein kaafi saari cheeze hai. You need to take care of several things. Discipline skills bhi aani chahiye professor ko tabhi wajase communicate kar pahega. He should be aware that classroom communication is cognitive in nature. Sap kuch depend karta hai aapke cognitive activities pe aapke knowledge, aapke theoretical subjects pe aapke practical subjects pe but those subject which does not involve the psychomotor activities. Psychomotor activities basically means coordination, hand-eye movement. Ye sab alag hota hai and classroom mein jo communication hota hai that is cognitive in nature. Now another important factor in classroom communication is that it is based on the theory of edutainment. We have heard entertainment but I wonder if you have heard edutainment. Edutainment comes from two words education and entertainment. So any time when a professor is communicating he should take care that his lecture doesn't get boring. It should have elements of entertainment also so that the student is interested in learning that and the student doesn't feel bored. So these are few important things that must be taken care and must be read when it comes to classroom communication. Finally we land on to the last topic that you must study if you are preparing for UGC net paper one and that is communication and its relation to mass communication. Mass communication has become very easy because so many social media platforms are there using which you can communicate to masses easily. And that is why it is important to know the role of mass communication. There are several important things that you must remember when it comes to mass communication like the first newspaper of India then who called media fourth estate. Edmund Burke was a very very important and influential thinker. He termed media as fourth estate or fourth power. So these small small things you need to keep in your mind these facts are frequently asked in the paper and if you know these facts then the paper becomes extremely simple for you. So with that note I end my discussion on communication. I have tried to give you a blueprint which you can use if you are preparing your own notes for communication. You can refer all these points that I have mentioned and you can increase your knowledge by reading more about it. So that's it for this video lecture. We will meet in the next video lecture because in the next video lecture I am going to talk about another important topic of paper one and we will be having a discussion just like we had today. So if you have not subscribed to my channel then please press the subscribe button and also click on the bell icon so that you are notified every time I post a video. You can also follow me on all the social media platforms. I am running a go-nit quiz exclusively for all the UGC net English aspirants. So if you are also preparing for UGC net English literature then go to my social media pages and like the pages so that you are notified when I post a quiz or an important fact related to English literature. So we will meet in the next video lecture till the time we meet next. Happy learning, keep loving literature and stay tuned to arpithakarwa.com