 This review highlights five main remote sensing applications in agriculture, including biomass and yield estimation, vegetation vigor and drug stress monitoring, assessment of crop phenological development, crop acreage estimation and crop land mapping, and mapping of disturbances and land use slash land cover changes. These applications are aimed at addressing global challenges facing the agricultural sector, such as minimizing environmental impact while increasing production and productivity. The paper provides an overview of existing operational monitoring systems and concludes with key recommendations. This article was authored by Clement Atzberger.