 Thank you very much Dean Kamrava. Thank you very much for the opportunity to be here in Qatar Very very grateful to ICT Qatar for making this possible This is only my second trip to the Gulf and it's my first visit to Qatar And I've been very impressed with what I've seen in the last 24 hours and look forward to talking to more people tomorrow This first slide is actually the most important slide of the entire presentation If you ever do a Google search on Michael Nelson, you will discover that there are about a 15,000 of us in America So if you want to find me you need my email address, which is mnelson at pobox.com Or if you think email is kind of 20th century and you're really a cool person who only uses Twitter You can find me at Twitter at at Mike Nelson You I already heard my background. I have this very unusual career. I spent time in technology Spent time in government spent time in business and now I'm in academia and I'm I think I found the perfect spot for myself because I work in the communications culture and technology program Which tries to bring all those pieces together? business culture technology The one thing that wasn't mentioned in the introduction is that I had the chance to work with the Obama campaign on technology issues and was a Speaker for the campaign and helped develop some of our policy positions So I also in addition to doing policy and business do a little bit of politics Today I'm gonna I'm here in Qatar to visit the Georgetown campus to learn more about what's going on here in the Gulf with New media and to share some insights about the future of technology and its impact I'm gonna give you the short version of some of the classes that I teach And so for free you're gonna get about twenty thousand dollars worth of classes from Georgetown One of my classes is called what's shaping the internet it's a Overview of all the policy decisions technology decisions business decisions Standards decisions that are shaping what the internet is going to become and what we can use it for My favorite class is called how to predict the futures I don't try to teach Students how to predict one future. That's not possible Instead we focus on looking at different scenarios of the future so they can be prepared for whatever comes We look at technology trends. We look at business trends demographic trends and we develop scenarios and I also am presently teaching a class called e government 2.0 how Citizens relationship to their government is going to change as we have social media like Twitter like Facebook Like YouTube. I'm gonna focus on making this very short and concise because I want to have time for question and answer In Washington, we often boil everything down to a few words The right words can define the issue the wrong words can kill a project They can stir emotions. They can mobilize people There's a wonderful book called words that work by Frank Lutz He was the Republican pollster who worked for Newt Gingrich back in 1994 and helped Newt Gingrich and the Republicans developed the contract with America and Frank Lutz is a specialist in words He came up with the idea of calling the estate tax Which is the tax we have in the US that is Imposed on on the estate of people who die rather than calling it the estate tax. They called it the death tax It usually only applied to very wealthy Republicans So the Republicans were opposed to it and they use that phrase very effectively to implement legislation to reduce the death tax Obama's entire campaign boiled down to just two words when you really think about it. It was about change And it was about hope. It's also important when you're developing a new initiative that you have the right words How many people remember the strategic defense initiative? About three people. How many of you people remember Star Wars? Yeah, right That's because strategic defense initiative is way too long and it's very vague Whereas Star Wars really captured the project. So I'm going to give you some words today to think about the future of the internet I'm also going to give you some numbers In Washington, it really helps to have lots of data But what really matters is to have two good memorable factoids Preferably true when I was growing up. I learned that nine out of ten dentists recommend crest toothpaste Wasn't true But it's still embedded in my head and I still use crest toothpaste So I'm going to give you some factoids today as well as a few words And I'm going to give you some stories Because in Washington as anywhere else stories matter. We've been telling stories since we were in the caves and That's how you really convey a concept If you have a really good story other people hear it and they start telling other people and that's when you know You've really gotten the message across So I'm going to share some words and concepts about the future of computing future of the internet give you some numbers give you some stories and Like any good professor. I'm going to give you a reading assignment or two or three So if you want to read some more you can have some place to go So my first word I have 11 words today first word is people This is the most important word because it is what defines how technology develops when you look at the March of technology and the front is always the hardware and Hardware is developing faster and faster every Every week or every month. There's a new hard drive a faster network a faster chip Then we've got to build the software to use the hardware Then the real challenge getting people trained to use the technology and Restructuring the organization that they're embedded in so they can take full advantage of it That's the process Technology often takes a few months Getting people on board that can take years Restructuring organizations that can take decades but people are what really matters and The problem is the technology is accelerating and people aren't learning That much faster than they used to so we have this growing gap The programs like mine and some of the other schools here in Qatar are trying to close and that is our biggest challenge Second really important word is vision And I hope today to give you a bit of a clearer vision about where this technology is going Very fond of a Japanese proverb that says vision without action is a daydream But action without vision is a nightmare It's also a very good way to waste lots of money and lots of time So I want to give you a vision about what's coming and a vision you can explain to others in your organizations other people you work with This is the two-minute vision of where we're going and if you hear nothing else today you can walk out after this this slide The point I want to make today is that we are entering the third phase in the development of the internet and this phase is as profound and as Revolutionary and as transformational as the worldwide web was 10 or 15 years ago and We're just defining this next phase now Over the next two or three years. We're going to make critical decisions about how the internet evolves and how it's used and That will either open up new possibilities almost unlimited possibilities or it will Narrow and limit what we can do As we define this new phase of the internet Policy and regulation will be important, but standards and business practices will be more important So what your organization has decided to buy what you decide to do with this technology what you demand of vendors and network providers is Really going to help shape this future And the factoid that's most important to remember is we are still in early days One way to think of the internet is as a unruly adolescent I have a 12 year old daughter who is two months away from turning into a teenager That's how you should think of the internet Her whole future is ahead of her. She's still trying to define what she becomes in the future and she has lots of different possibilities But we don't know where she's going to go And the internet's like that. It's an adolescent. We're less than 15% of the way through this transformation That's enabled by the internet The great thing about that factoid is I can prove it to you in at least five different ways You can measure all the people in the world who use the internet It's only about 15 maybe 20% who use it on a regular basis You can measure the amount of bandwidth and look at how far that's going to grow Look at the amount of content the amount of devices a number of applications. There's going to be a factor of 10 20 even 50 Increase in all these areas Another way of summarizing this vision is the cheap revolution This was a phrase that was invented by the editor of Forbes almost seven years ago to describe the development of Technologies that give people ready access to all the computer tools. They need the hardware and the software At a price that's five or ten times cheaper than in the past because of this cheap revolution The internet startups that are beginning today Can get started for a million dollars maybe two million dollars In contrast to the height of the internet boom the dot-com boom ten years ago. It typically cost about 20 20 million dollars to get started But the cost of the technology is so much cheaper the internet makes it so much easier to reach your customers And to get the tools you need We really have seen this profound change in how computing is done a big part of that revolution the cheap revolution is because of the cloud Cloud is kind of a fuzzy term And we've had lots of terms that try to describe what the cloud is the cloud is Really a different way of doing computing. It's taking your needs your computing needs and Not turning to the team inside your company or your organization to do the computing but going To a third party to another provider in the past There have been a number of attempts to do this various different names like application service provider Distributed computing utility computing they didn't really work because they weren't as reliable as the cloud is today But the cloud is gaining traction. It was on the front page of the Wall Street Journal They even made a portrait of the cloud you can see here There's a lot of disagreement about exactly what is the cloud and is not the cloud But we can define it by what it does Some of the first cloud opportunities were in academia research researchers took Dozens even hundreds of different computers linked them all together over the network and they used that Combination of machines as one giant virtual supercomputer and by doing that They could provide more power to more people to do more research more quickly and more cheaply And that really laid the foundation that demonstrated the power of this kind of combined computing Amazon and Google and Microsoft are now at the leading edge in the development of cloud computing They're building these massive data centers with hundreds of thousands of computers all linked together all working as a giant distributed supercomputer Dozens of these different data centers in different locations all providing computing services To thousands hundreds of thousands of people at once One of the most successful cloud services is called the elastic compute cloud from Amazon Most of you were using this every day without knowing about it Because many of the startup companies that are running websites now aren't building their own systems They're not buying big buildings and putting lots of computers in there They just rent the computing power they need from Amazon and Amazon will give you will sell you Rent you the power you need the computing power the software the storage the networking You give them a credit card You tell them how much you need and and you get what you want and What's neat about that is that you can scale up you can expand your operations just like that So a company that suddenly discovers it has 100,000 customers when it was expecting 5,000 customers can buy 20 times more computing power just by Telling Amazon that's what it wants or Microsoft or Google Anyone in the room who uses Gmail is using cloud computing your email is not on your computer It's sitting in a Google data center Lots of different services for different applications one of the early Pioneers with salesforce.com They allow companies to manage all of the Sales leads that their sales force has so and what what's really magic about that is no matter where the salesperson is They can log on to the net and they can report about a contact. They had with a prospective customer They can compare notes that they with some other salesperson they can Keep track of all the potential business that they're generating Another really interesting example the last one on here is called Boink the Berkeley open infrastructure for network to computing You could be part of the cloud you can take the extra capacity on your own computer and Plug it into the Boink cloud and start start solving research problems My laptop whenever it's on is helping cure anthrax By doing molecular modeling in his spare time using the excess capacity To help find if there's a drug that can cure anthrax This is a great site from Akamai Akamai is part of a data cloud They store webpages all around the world to give people easier access to the information they want and what's important about this figure is that Up in the top right corner it indicates that 2.8 million people are visiting the Akamai cloud every second and 35 almost 35 million people are visiting the cloud and downloading data every minute So this huge distributed system thousands of different Storage systems all around the world all connected together This is the required reading if you really want to understand the cloud This is from the Economist magazine From October of 2008 and it's called let it rise It's all about the cloud and it's demonstrating what happens In all different sectors from business to health care Government education and how they're using cloud services to better provide The capacity that companies need Really is the best article I've series of articles. I've seen on the topic in non-technical language Fourth word game-changer This is a very big deal This isn't just a nice thing. This is changing fundamentally the way we do computing This is the third phase of the Internet. It's also the third phase of computing Let me describe that in what I like to use what I call CEO pictures This is for the non-technical CEO The first phase of Internet computing was all about communicating Just email the second phase was about content Like web and the third phase is about tying people and content together To provide new ways of collaborating There's another great book to read about this this transformation I'm sorry Okay, I'm sorry. I thought I thought I hear it coming back so loud. I didn't think it was coming through very well There's another book called the big switch This is by Nicholas Carr and he looks at what happened with electric utilities hundred years ago a Hundred years ago in America if you were a factory owner you had a vice president for electricity That person was in charge of running the generators that provided the electricity that ran your machinery You often needed a team of people to support that and Then the electric utilities came in and provided a cheaper faster more reliable way to get the electricity you needed and You could throw away the generators The same thing is starting to happen with with computing where These big companies like Amazon Microsoft Google are providing these utility computing services And the economics are the same This is a big deal. It's as big as e-business. It's as big as e-commerce. I would like to argue. It's as big as the web Fifth word mini to mini First phase of the internet was all about the first phase of computing was all about your computer sitting there on your desk You had everything you needed. You had your data. You had your application software. You had your computing power That's what you did Then you plugged into the web and that was the next phase Just a little bit of software the browser software gave you access to the whole wide world of data Millions of websites Changed everything In the middle of the 1990s from 1994 to 1996 the amount of traffic on the internet increased 10 times every year for two years 100 fold in two years Because suddenly everybody was pulling down data from the net the cloud is this next phase in this phase everything lives In the cloud on someone else's computer You don't need any software or any data on your own machine Because you can just tap into the data and the application software that resides Elsewhere and what's really important about this is that? The data and the application can be combined in new and different ways The lines that connect the circles is what's really important here. I can take data from one Company combine it with software from another company Store it on a third company's machines and I can make a new service for me and my customers that meets my unique needs and I can do it in Minutes six word things as in the internet of things It's not just about computers and people anymore. It's about a hundred billion devices Today about one and a half million PCs and a few hundred million smartphones plug into the internet in Just a few years Fifty times more devices. These are going to be sensors Appliances cars Unleashing incredible new opportunities for monitoring Environmental problems for health in the latest issue of the economist. There's a great article about how your carpet May help diagnose a health problem that grandpa has Because grandpa will walk across the carpet and if he starts to stumble or isn't walking You know in a in a in the way. He normally does Your carpet will call the doctor in this world Very simple devices like my camera will just plug into the cloud. I won't need to store any data on my camera I'll just automatically store it in the cloud The light bulbs in this room will probably be connected to the cloud So we'll be able to monitor which light bulbs are out whether they're on when they don't need to be sprinklers in my yard I'll have moisture sensors in my yard to tell the sprinklers when to go on Even my dog is going to be hooked into the cloud You can already buy a dog collar that has a GPS receiver on one side and a Wi-Fi connection on the other for only about 50 bucks and All the computing gets done in the cloud This is transformational My former employer IBM likes to talk about the smarter planet. I like to talk about fairy tales When I read my daughter fairy tales everything was magical, you know the trees had Would could communicate and the animals could communicate and the rocks could communicate That's kind of where we're going If you go to the black forest in Germany You have wired trees thousands of trees that are reporting on their stress level ecologists foresters are able to monitor the moisture the soil the effect of pollution by Using these very simple devices and plugging into the cloud This is going to generate a huge increase in the amount of data And that's going to lead to the exa flood This is a phrase that George Gilder came up with to describe this huge increase in the number of data amount of data that will be available on the internet in the coming months a We all know what a megabit is megabyte is and a gigabyte If you take a billion gigabytes You get an exabyte That gives you a sense of how big this is It's tens of thousands of times the amount of data in the entire library of Congress in the US Which is the largest library in the world This chart shows how fast the amount of data on the internet is going to increase over the next five years This is a huge Estimate I mean lots of uncertainty here But we're going to see a tenfold increase in less than five years Because of all these new devices all this video traffic all these new ways of doing things This is their estimate of where these bytes are going to come from Some of it will be from video Some of it teleconferencing some of it from cloud computing But the impressive thing here is that we are seeing another dramatic jump like we saw with a web 15 years ago And new applications will be a result of that That leads to my eighth word collaboration How can people work together in cyberspace to make sense of all this data and to be more efficient in the workplace Social media of course is one of the Leading-edge Applications that are enabling new types of collaboration for a lot of people in their teenage years Twitter and Facebook are actually replacing email. They just send messages through social media and through through chat It's sparing it innovation. It's allowing crowdsourcing Crowdsourcing is when you get thousands of people to help you sort through data help you find the information you need That's really a big part of this. There's a great example that comes out of the intelligence community Where they took pictures of North Korea? North Korea is one of the most obscure places in the country in the world because we can't send people there and take pictures But they have satellite photos and using these satellite photos and posting them on the net They were able to start identifying individual buildings and roads and facilities by asking people refugees who had fled North Korea or visitors who had gone there in some cases ten years ago What these different buildings were at this point about 10,000 people have contributed to this project and laboriously going through their their their their memories and providing annotations To figure out what's going on in North Korea Really interesting in one case a Bulgarian violin student was in North Korea 25 years ago And he was able to identify more than 500 different places that he visited in some cases. He still had the snapshots North Korea is not a very dynamic place. It's not like Doha So things don't change very fast the culture minister was still in the same place and the stadium was still in the same place and the schools We're saying the same place, but that's how we're going to make sense of this flood of data In the last 20 years we've gone from having a scarcity of data to having an overwhelming amount of data We've gone from struggling to find the data to trying to make sense of the data and that's where crowdsourcing comes in This is a big deal The reason President Obama is in the White House is because of these technologies and because of the cloud There's a wonderful article that ran in technology review, which is from MIT It came out in late 2008 and it's called how he really did it The web strategy that took an obscure senator to the doors of the White House They talk about how they the campaign use social media to mobilize hundreds of thousands of people To get them involved in the campaign and To get millions of people to give money often twenty dollars fifty dollars at a time The real secret though was that they they worked with the cloud Rather than giving all their volunteers laptops and installing software in the laptop They told all the people who wanted to help the campaign Here's your password get on the web go to this website and once they go logged on They could be part of the campaign. They could contribute. They could organize events They could keep they could get the information they needed to effectively campaign for Barack Obama Obama's real secret though was Changing the organization so he could take advantage of it This really is the contrast between the McCain campaign on the left and the Obama campaign on the right McCain learned how to manage as a naval officer in the late 60s early 70s and in that world information flows up the hierarchy and The orders come down So the thin arrows are in indication of the orders the very small amount of information that kind of trickles down from the top and Anybody in that kind of organization has to make sure that their bosses boss knows what they're doing before they do it Obama learned to do things in Chicago as a community organizer Where he had hundreds of volunteers mostly unpaid and he had to motivate them he had to get them involved That's the model he used for management And it was exactly the right met model to use for social media and the cloud Because in that model you want to flood everyone in the organization with information You want to be sharing information you want to be coordinating when somebody over in Utah has a good idea You want to be able to share that with New Hampshire That's the secret of that campaign The other secret of course was he had a lot more people involved because it was so much easier to get people engaged That's what the dots on the far right are Okay, ninth word consumerization This is the trend we see now where people are bringing into the workplace Incredibly sophisticated tools and software applications that they use at home or they use in their spare time Doug Neil who is with the company CSC Define this term and has written a couple of very good reports on this on this phenomenon And it's driving development of these tools in many workplaces and in many governments Employees are demanding That they be able to use Facebook LinkedIn YouTube Google applications in the workplace because that's what they want to use and that's the best way they can get their job done This is driving chief information officers crazy But the smart ones are encouraging in this trend and allowing these tools to come into the workplace So that employees can work together with each other work together with customers work together With governments and partners all around the world The other reason this is happening is because we're all starting to blend work and home A lot of us have kids Trying to balance work schedule and and family schedule is not always easy With the cloud and with these applications I can work from anywhere And that gives me the flexibility to be with my daughter when I need to be and do my work The other big reason this is such an important trend is because it's giving people access to these more reliable cheaper tools Which can work better than the software that companies and governments have installed for their employees to use 10th word is predictions And I'm going to give you a few more factoids here In states we talk about big hairy audacious predictions And this is a very big hairy prediction Within five years 80% of all computing and storage done worldwide could happen in the cloud 80% Storage computing I will however correct that and say it'll probably take 10 years The technology is here and the economic drivers are here, but it probably will take a little longer But that's still a tectonic shift Completely different way of doing computing in all different aspects of our life The second big hairy audacious prediction is that within five years we will have a hundred billion Devices connected each of us will have 50 or a hundred things in our life that somehow connect to the net and to the cloud Except that will probably take 10 years as well. So this is my not quite so audacious Not quite so hairy prediction But that still is a factor of 50 increase in a number of things that are connected to the net Why is it going to take a little longer? Well first off there are technical issues. We have to develop the standards and get them adopted In most of these cases we have all the standards we need. We just have to get people to use them Second thing we need to do is to get companies to work together Because the cloud is all about collaboration. It's about combining things We also have to change the culture and this is perhaps the hardest thing We have to convince customers and companies and CEOs that it's okay to trust Amazon or Microsoft with their data and with the critical functions they need and the last issue is policy Which leads to my 11th word? I Spent 10 years in government and at IBM I spent a lot of time working with governments helping them shape policy and I understand that policy is often the rate limiting step It's the last arrow Often policy is 15 20 years behind the technology And if that policy isn't well designed it can hold everything back So governments have a critically important role to play and I'm very glad that Qatar and the Qatari government is focused on this and Understands their important role Their first step is to figure out how to be an early adopter How can they take these technologies and put it to use whether it's cloud computing sensors social media virtual worlds? To do that they're often going to have to change the way they buy computing how they manage computing They have to make sure they get on board with the right standards They have to provide secure environments. That's often one of our biggest challenge computer in your own house That the police will need a search warrant before they can go in and take that data and look at it Well, what if you take that same data and you upload it to a cloud and now it's stored on someone else's server? Is that protected as well? That's not clear But there's a coalition of governments a coalition of advocacy groups privacy advocates and and companies That have come together to define what the right way to approach that question should be Because we do have to have clear regulations about Stored data and the privacy of that data We also have to develop ways of showing the customer That the cloud is working the way they think it is so transparency is as important as privacy in this new world And as companies offer cloud services They have to be able to show how the system works how the data is secured where your data lives Where it's being moved to and and who has access to it Another really big issue one that I care passionately about is online copyright Two days ago. We celebrated the 300th anniversary of the Statute of Anne Which was the very first copyright law from from the universe from from Great Britain Things have evolved in that time Copyright law has certainly changed, but we need to adopt copyright to this new world And there are some people who want to impose stricter and stricter controls and more and more protection for copyright And that kind of collides with the cloud which is designed to share information And so we have this critical critical point now in in deciding how it is We're going to protect copyright and what are the new rules in the cloud Equally important is liability If I buy service from a cloud provider and they're providing my web services and they're storing my data What happens if the system crashes and my data is lost? What happens if someone uses a cloud service and does something illegal who's responsible for that and What happens when the cloud? Servers are in one country the customer is in a second country and They do something illegal that affects somebody in a third country It's very complicated very quickly The last issue on this chart is competition policy. How can Governments make sure that there's real competition between different players in the development of the cloud And I'll finish with three scenarios Each of these are possible People in this room can help shape these scenarios and decide which one becomes reality The first one I called the clouds scenario and in this world we end up with different companies running different clouds Each one using their own technology Very carefully designed so it doesn't work together Non interoperable so you can't move data from one part of the cloud run by one company to another cloud This is a little bit like the cable television network today You have one network they control the content. That's all you got In this world there are lots of bottlenecks. There are constraints on innovation lots of monopolies and lots of high prices a Better scenario is what I call the cloudy skies scenario You still have different companies are running different technologies, but at least they've agreed upon some ways to translate data from one place to another It may not be easy, but at least you can move back and forth. You can shift software from one place to another It's not perfect. It's not flexible, but at least you have a little bit of communication But the real opportunity is the cloud of clouds. I call this the blue skies scenario It's where you have thousands of different clouds run by thousands of different organizations all using common standards That can tie the whole thing together This is what we did for the internet the internet is a network of networks all running a common standards We demanded that We told the network providers we want one network running one technology. We want it all to work We did that back in the 80s 1985 there were about eight or ten different companies all running different network technologies that didn't work together the internet came along and That became the lingua franca It became the universal language that linked all these different networks together Ten years later the web was created And again, we had some people who wanted to build their own special version of the web that didn't work with every website Or with other web browsers and we the community said no We want one web. We want when one web browser. We want one standard And we push the technology in that direction We're at the same point now with the cloud and if we don't demand interoperability if we don't demand flexibility We're not going to get the blue skies scenario And we're going to miss out on 50 percent or 80 percent or 90 percent of the opportunities And it's going to be much harder to use the system. It's going to be much more expensive That leads me to my last slide Just to come back to my earlier factoid. We are less than 15 percent of the way through This incredible change The technology is still developing. We're still figuring out ways to use it This is not a small change. This is incredibly disruptive We've all heard the cliche that the internet is as disruptive as the printing press But think about what that means The printing press enabled Martin Luther to trigger the Reformation The Reformation caused the Thirty Years War which redrew the map of Europe Completely changed the political environment. The printing press enabled large democracies and mass literacy No one had a newspaper before there were printing presses printing press enabled large corporations All of that was possible because the printing press Cut the cost of sharing information by 99 percent Before Gutenberg it took some poor monk a whole year to hand copy a book Gutenberg could make the same book in about three days Well the internet has already cut the cost of sharing information by 99.9 percent And all the estimates indicate that we're going to do that We're gonna have another 99% reduction in the coming years and We're gonna use the cloud to provide more tools to make sense of all that information To make sense of the exa-flood So profound things are happening here and we're just getting a sense of where it's going to go Last point and this is my most important bumper sticker or slogan Win in doubt empower the user Look at ways to give users more choices Give them more opportunities to build new things to innovate in new ways That's been the success story behind the internet for 20 years And if we do it right with the cloud and the internet of things We'll have the same opportunity And I hope you'll all be part of that. I hope this talk has been helpful and explaining what's coming So you can help your organizations Get excited about this and move forward. I Do think we're gonna have some incredible changes. They're gonna be jobs lost many more jobs created There are going to be political consequences economic consequences cultural consequences It's an incredibly exciting time to be in this field And I'm so glad you're all here tonight, and I look forward to answering any questions You might have about what's coming what's next and what the impact of the next generation of the internet will be Thank you very much We're gonna have people in the audience with microphones So if you have a question, please raise your hand and I'll call on you don't grab the person with the microphone and first I want to also thank Michael for your presentation and As the policymakers here in Qatar, I think some of that made us a little bit nervous However, I everyone in the room should be very happy to know that Michael will be meeting with a lot of people from ICT Cutter tomorrow so he can help help us in setting a policy for cutter that meets the blue sky scenario that you want So questions, please raise your hand. Where's the microphones? Why don't we start right up front with you? Thank you very much. My name is Mahendra. Sure from the Qatar National Food Security Program Thank you for a very comprehensive Presentation my I want to pick your last words empower the user So what is the future of internet in a world that is global? 75% of the world does not have access to internet We talk about internet access being a universal human right Governments and I think we have a responsibility you give an example of North Korea, you know The same example can be put on environment on climate change on degradation and those are the issues where we have the knowledge We do not have the commitment. We do not have the vision We put in actions without the vision and I think this is where we need the lead nations The lead nations who were could you ask a question? So what can you recommend in this global sense? Well, one of the organizations I work with very closely is the internet society. It's a group of about 50,000 Internet professionals all around the world more than 100 different countries all trying to grow the internet our motto our vision Is the internet is for everyone and part of our goal is to? Ensure that there's a regulatory environment that fosters investment and competition in too many countries You still have only one company allowed to provide service and yet We have all these new ways of providing internet service like wireless broadband and like They can decrease the cost of connection by 10 20 even 50 times So the opportunities there for those countries that open up their marketplace and invite in these new technologies We're doing a conference in Washington on the 29th called connecting the the next billion users And we're looking both in the United States at the most remote areas that are unconnected and at developing countries around the world to see what's being done because it's not just about the connection it's also about Giving people the content that makes it worth their and their effort and their investment and it's about giving them the Confidence to use the system that it's reliable that it's trusted that that they know how to use it So that's that's the puzzle here connection confidence content The good news is most countries have a vision now for the internet and they've embraced it We've seen what's happened in China in the last five years It's it's absolutely extraordinary the number of people using the internet in China now exceeds that in the United States And another year it will exceed the number of people in Europe who are online and Many of those people aren't just using small slow dial-up speeds They're using broadband or they're using high speed wireless connections So I think we're moving pretty fast in the development of the the network itself The net the next question is making it more useful to more people and making it more affordable There's still there are still countries where the phone company or the internet Provider seems to focus on the richest 3% of the population and Prices accordingly rather than trying to meet the needs of everyone, but that's that's the first question We should always ask is how do we make this global? How do we meet the needs of everyone? I think we have a Yes, I wanted to ask about some of these international security concerns I'm a Canadian our databases have often been in the US and suddenly with the Patriot Act coming out in the US they were potentially subject to US government Surveillance without our even knowing about it, and I'm concerned about some of the implications Especially as this cloud goes up if the cloud is all in the US, then maybe we know what's happening But if part of the cloud is in North Korea, are we going to be happy with using that or what do you see happening? This is a another fundamental issue. It's one that Needs to be resolved. I think By ensuring that these companies are providing a global infrastructure And in some cases it may be that there's a European cloud and a Canadian cloud and for certain types of data The data will live in that part of the cloud and it will not be shared widely But these rules are very inconsistent and we don't have any real model of what the global cloud Will be like and how privacy will be protected and there's a need for coordination across companies and across Nations, I think in the end it's going to be the companies that set the the rules and They're going to compete with each other to make sure they have clear rules that customers can understand and they're going to pressure the governments to make sure there's no Confusion about how the data is protected as we know Google just recently pulled out of of China and the primary reason They did that was because the Chinese Were sponsoring hackers to attack Google's own systems and to gain access to the Google cloud and Google said that's completely unabsecked Unacceptable Google decided they could not protect the privacy of their customers When the Chinese government was hacking into this the Google Google network And so that that is I think just a one skirmish in what's going to be a very interesting battle going forward I was going to go back to your question real quickly and invite people to join us on April 23rd We're having a Twitter jam the internet society of DC which I'm part of the leadership for Internet Society DC is Having a one-hour long conversation a chat on Twitter It'll be at 10 o'clock p.m. Qatar time on Thursday the 23rd And we're going to have experts from all around the world talking about ways to connect the rest of the world So if you look for the hash tag if you just hash ISOC DC You'll find that we're we're having a very lively conversation and this week on Thursday We're having one on collaboration 2020 Same time 10 o'clock on Thursday evening same hash tag This is part of a conference. We're doing it at Georgetown on the crowd and the cloud innovation in cyberspace and again we'll have experts in innovate in collaboration technology from Many different countries as part of that and we'll try to put that on the ICT Qatar website So you can get the information on that as well other questions I'll go to right here. This gentleman in the front Thanks, professor. So You mentioned your effort only to three landmark incidents in the states electing the president Obama Star Wars, but you shrug off two important incidents the first in Iran and Power by Twitter the second in Egypt When six April movement were totally bright crushed by the Egyptian forces from two or three days my question now In the future, do you expect that internet will change corrupted and Totalitarian regimes in democratic and transparent. Thank you This is part of the reason I'm confident that we're only 15% of the way through the internet revolution Because we're still finding ways to force change and use these tools to change the environment That the political environment Iran is a fascinating example and and people think with it. Well, you know the Twitter revolution in Iran failed Because the regime is still there But it hasn't failed the people who were using Twitter managed to get their message out to the world Just as the monks in Burma were able to put out the YouTube videos They've used this technology very effectively to change the whole global perception of the regime and I think we're also starting to see local organizing that that's actually probably going to be the more interesting and effective use of this technology We tend to look at these situations and say, oh, well, it's a you know, it's a global media market. It's all about Putting out YouTube videos on on on in the media No, often it's about doing things the local level and changing the local politics and building up from there That's what's happening in China Again, we tend to focus on what the national government's doing, but at the local level Local bloggers people using Twitter and chat are able to highlight the actions of corrupt officials in some cases they're able to get them thrown out of office and They're actually starting from the bottom up and I think that's how we need to think about this It's it's really going to happen a hundred people a thousand people 100,000 people at a time. It's not going to be a revolution that starts from the top and In 15 20 years or maybe even 10 years I'm gonna come back here We're gonna have a great discussion about what's happened because we are gonna see more change in the next 10 years We're gonna see more political change And we've seen in 50 years There's a great new book out called rebooting America and I urge you all to read this if you want to understand the impact It has actually his authors from all around the world from Canada from Europe Middle East But they're all looking at how politics are changing. It was written right before the election So a lot of the focus was on what was happening in elections But we're also talking about some fundamental changes in how government services are provided in how Democracy works and how governments consult with their citizens and and that's exciting and that's really exciting That's one of the things I'm spending a lot of time on great question I'm gonna give shorter answers I keep seeing more and more people putting their hands up Hello, my name is P. U. Shagraval and I'm I think coming down from the national issues to you know More at the organization level as we saw the emergence of IT in the companies You see what happened there was a period where IT had tremendous power and now if we are going to you know talk about this Cloud computing where all that power center which IT is today is going to move somewhere in the cloud So do you see a demise of the IT departments in the companies and the shifting of you know jobs from out? From that position. Well, this is the third point on my list of Barriers as you recall I had technical barriers business practices and culture There are a lot of chief information officers who think that in the world of the cloud CIO will now mean career is over Because Amazon and Microsoft will be running all the computers that the company needs that is a concern only if you realize if You do not realize that in the world of the cloud your employees are going to have all these new things They're going to want help with So the smart CIOs are the ones who are moving to the cloud as fast as they possibly can and Then finding ways that they can help the employees use the new tools that the cloud provides at Georgetown University We decided we didn't need to be in the business of running email systems When I first arrived at Georgetown two and a half years ago all the freshmen would come and They just come out of high school They showed up at Georgetown and they got their brand new Georgetown dot edu email address and they were given their email account and they were told they had 25 megabytes of storage and their response Two questions one What do I do after the first week? And the second question was how do I forward my email to my gmail account? And we decided that was a good model for us. So we hired Google to run all of our email for all of our students But that doesn't mean the CIO's job goes away The CIO still has to know how to use the cloud. It has to develop the new tools to use in the cloud It's just a totally different job It means a lot of retraining though and it is it is a big challenge and and we do see in many companies the CIO First reaction. Oh, no, can't do the cloud. That's a different. That's not that's no good The good news is that in many companies the chief financial officer looks at the numbers and says We can do computing for 20% the cost that we're spending now and the CFO is usually more powerful than the CIO and The CFO makes a good argument to the CEO who tells the CEO I owe that they're moving to the cloud I'm Steve from PJ Media. My friends from Vodafone and I love Qatar And I'd love to hear more of a direct vision of your steer Let's presume you were e-president delect Three months time. What would be your top three manifesto? Only three I think the first thing I would do as a as a government is to make more content available and This is something that the Obama administration number of other governments around the world have realized governments sit on an incredible amount of information both economic data and educational information Information about how to do things Travel information So I think that's the first step is make more services available in In Washington DC, which for many years was one of the most incompetently run city governments in America The CIO a couple years ago Helped reinvent the city government and what he did was he took all the data that they had crime statistics bus schedules information on traffic and he made it all available online in an easy-to-use format and Challenged people to come and find ways to use the data. So that's an example. It's called apps for democracy a Second thing I think is really important here is to push for the open standards and open technologies Push for the blue skies scenario make sure the pieces fit together in most countries The government is the largest purchaser of information and communication services So they can influence the market and push the market to openness making sure the pieces of the cloud fit together And the last thing is in the area of security Governments have a lot of interest in providing for secure communications and making sure that the cloud is secure I think they can drive Research in the area of computer security and network security and they can also be a very smart purchaser of secure services and and and help force that one thing we did in the states was Pass laws that said if data was lost on the internet Then the company who lost the data had to notify the owners of the data That their credit card number or other personal information may have been compromised That was a incredibly important step in providing more transparency and it also Motivated companies to do a better job of protecting their data So that's an example of how you can push for better security, but that would be the first three things on my list I've got a I've got another hour-long lecture. I can give to answer your question in more detail Okay, the questions in the back Hi, I'm from mechanical college and Considering the The research data or sensitive data that turns into value of intellectual property and the way we can utilize the cloud computing versus cloud computing for collaboration common information and Just generic issues now Is there gonna be kind of international legalization or low that charge or accuse? whoever tends to leak information or Tense of Seal information of such related sensitive data Worldwide that can charge them or bring them to court or something like that Well, I think there's two questions there one is the question of online copyright and how will we protect? Copyrighted content in the world of the cloud. I Personally think that copyrighted content is going to be much less important in the future It's already less important people are spending more and more of their time Reading with their friends and neighbors and colleagues right on Facebook Which is which is copyrighted but not protected then they are watching television and we're sharing all this content on YouTube That is made available for free So I do think there's going to be a shift away from Copyrighted material there'll always be copyrighted content, but we won't spend all of our time watching it. I Also think a lot of people are starting to realize There's a lot of benefit in giving away content even if it is copyrighted and sharing it in ways that stimulate Other new business opportunities So the rock bands in the United States give away their music and sell the t-shirt and sell the concert ticket That's but the other question you have is about Confidentiality and protecting that material. I actually think the cloud will be more secure than the systems we have today That doesn't sound logical How can that be logical if the same data is going to be in the cloud? And it might be stored in five different places, you know, isn't that going to be less secure? And the answer is no if the cloud is designed properly and the cloud is being designed by the best engineers in the world Very highly paid very well compensated engineers Who are going to build a much better system than the Information technology team at some small company That isn't in the high-tech sector and doesn't pay its staff very well So I think we have a chance to move to a better system with built-in protections layers of protection That will actually give us more confidence that our data is being treated the way it needs to be But essential question. I'm glad you asked that What if in 50 years from now Somebody come with Another idea which makes cloud computing something old What if this scenario happens and what do you think that new that new technology would be? I've speculated about this a lot and I tend to look I tend to look at The big trends and I had the slide that showed a communication one-way content one to many and then Collaboration many to many. I think the next phase is probably community It's different groups able to have a really strong emotional bond in cyberspace and We're just starting to see that today today It's still about moving content and information back and forth But in a few cases you can actually have an emotional bond Not quite as strong as you do face-to-face over the dining room table But you can actually get close enough to somebody to really feel that you know They're part of your community and I think that that could be what the the next killer application of cyberspaces Well, I think it would be through through things like virtual worlds and What there's a term I like called second earth and this is where not only are you building simulations of a fantasy world You're taking data from the real world and incorporating it into a simulation a model And so you can see the traffic in your city and you can you know Take your cartoon character and walk down the street and see things the way they really are and Start interacting with other people and seeing their real face in real time and hearing their voice That's going to be an amazing new opportunity to sell things But it's also going to be an amazing new opportunity for education new government services It's a bit hard to imagine because we don't quite have the technology yet But if you haven't tried out second life and some of the other virtual worlds It's worth trying that just to see what it's like to go into one of these simulations and to and to and have A sense that you're in a three-dimensional environment My daughter is 12 years old and she's really into this. It's really it's it's kind of scary how much time she can spend interacting with her friends and building things that don't exist But I like your question and it's something I think a lot about in my class on the future Thank you very much for so many great questions. Thank you for staying so long And I know Doha has some incredible things to do and you all came here to listen to me I'm very flattered and very very grateful