 The harm caused by cigarette smoking is primarily due to the toxins produced during combustion, while electronic nicotine delivery systems, ENDS, do not involve combustion and thus produce fewer toxins. This study found that ENDS users had lower levels of toxin exposure than cigarette smokers, as well as those who used both ENDS and cigarettes. Additionally, the amount of toxins in ENDS users was directly correlated with how many cigarettes they smoked. This suggests that ENDS could be a viable option for people who are unable or unwilling to quit smoking but still want to reduce their risk of developing tobacco-related diseases. This article was offered by Nathan M. Holt, Sol Schiffman, Rainer Black and others.