 Scientists have been exploring the use of the z-scheme process, which mimics plant photosynthesis for converting solar energy into chemical fuels through artificial z-scheme photocatalytic water splitting to generate hydrogen. The review outlines the recent significant implications of the z-scheme system in photocatalytic water splitting, including its role as an electron mediator and key factors that improve performance. The development roadmap of three different generations of z-scheme systems is also discussed, along with scaling up challenges for achieving H2 evolution from past to present. This article was authored by Boon Jun-ing, Lutphi-Kirnian Disciputry, Exion-ing Kong, and others.