 Welcome again. My name is Christopher Matius. I'm the head of the climate change team in SIFO and I'm your moderator for this session and We have a very distinguished panel here with five people Daniel Mudiasso, who is my colleague scientist at SIFO Heading our peatland research in the so-called swamp project Then we have Pabudi Vardana who is deputy head of the peatland agency In Indonesia We have Lira Miles from oh, sorry. We have Serena. Yeah, I'm you're not sitting in this order So we have Serena here from the global environment Center Serena Liu and then we have Lira Miles from the UN environment world environment No world conservation monitoring Center, sorry So it's it's linked to you an environment, but she's actually in Cambridge and then we have professor Mitsuru Ozaki from Hokkaido University and The structure of the session will be that each of them will give a Short introduction then we have a discussion on the podium and then we open the floor for questions To you to the audience And I forgot we have also Rapporteur, which is my colleague here and sitting in front. I made a shell also from SIFO so we also we're also getting meeting notes later and And you may have wondered why the name black black gold peatlands black gold for mitigation some of you may remember the time when Fossil fuel oil was called black gold because it was so important and so valuable that That it was actually called black gold and you could make a lot of money with it you can still can probably otherwise it wouldn't be mind but I found that fitting that another rich carbon resource below our feet, which is peatlands And which is also important to us, but not by mining it but by keeping it in the ground We might also call it black gold for mitigation if we manage to keep it in the ground so it's a golden opportunity for us to To to to store carbon because as you may have heard in earlier presentations peatlands cover around 3% of the global land surface, but they They have a they have a 30% in Amazonia. We heard this morning even 40% of the Of the soil carbon stock so it is there's a huge resource of carbon in these in these peatlands And it's important to get to get the mitigation or to get the conservation right and the restoration for mitigation So you may actually ask yourself what can I learn now in this session we had a we had actually some of us had Global peatland initiative site event last week in Bonn in the sub-star climate conference We also had a C4 European Space Agency and University of Vienna site event and in the same venue also last week and We had a 3-day global peatland initiative workshop this week. So what is new now in this session? And we have parallel sessions also. I think we have a very distinguished Panel here that is also new in this composition In all these events so far in the last weeks and so we are going to learn a lot of new things And so I think it's it's going to be very exciting It's important that we have precise data on peatlands And that's part of the of the presentations is going to are going to talk about that and it's it's important that we also Get restoration right and that's what other Speakers are going to talk about Before we get into the presentations by the speakers I'd like to show one slide myself I don't know. Are the slides showing other on that screen or can you show the slide? Yesterday I made a little little piece of research looking at the NDC registry, you know the NDCs are the National Determined Contributions the way the Paris Agreement is going to be filled with activities from the bottom up and I look for search terms forestry in 190 139 submitted NDCs There's a little it's a little bit lower number than the eye NDCs But I just looked at the NDCs hundred times forestry comes up 89 times land use comes up 68 times forest comes up and then it goes down coast 20 times mangrove 18 times lake 10 times wetland 6 and Not all of them are tropical and then if you look at peatlands or any other Peat related terms that is zero So I think we need to do a little bit more in order to move peatlands up into the NDCs Into the awareness of policy makers and put them in into the policy activity in those countries policy action in those countries of course The peatlands may be implicit in when you talk about forest when countries talk about land use and so on but I think it may be necessary that there is a little bit more of attention given to this particular ecosystem and so that's What I like to keep you to keep in mind to frame this session a little bit in terms of where we want to go with peatlands in climate action and that's All I have to say myself right now I'd like to Move into the presentations and the first speaker will be Daniel Modiasso as I said before he's my colleague. He's a researcher. He has he has a PhD in forestry in meteorology from from University of Reading before he had a he had studied in IPB in Bogua the agriculture University. He's he has also been Working in the IPCC a lot and he has been deputy minister of environment for two years in in 2000 2001 and And and in that in that Capacity was also national focal point for the IPCC and for the CBD and so now he's very cherished colleague in seafo and and leading what we call the swamp project, which is just a very convenient acronym for the sustainable wetlands and adaptation and mitigation program so Daniel will tell you a little bit about a new peatland map and Daniel you have to stand on this Thing here because that's the only microphone we have Thank you. Thank you Christopher for Introduction and I was standing like like Christopher last week exactly on Thursday Charing a session in sub star on this particular topic now. I'm presenting it But I want to assure you that what I'm trying to describe today. Can you have the slides, please? a slightly different in the context of this GLF why it matters and who matters for whom and Want to make sure that the the history of developing this map It is not it's not a final product It is it is a living document if you visit the the landscape lab right in the corner. There is an interactive Map that everybody can follow through the website. So the title here is it is new But also interactive. So I will tell you why is it new and how it can be interactive Right, so it is new because it was published two weeks ago In the global change biology and we try a new approach in terms of developing this First it is a medium kind of moderate kind of scale We use modest that's that's free for everybody and it's not very fine, but we cover global wetland So it's huge data set that we have and try to extract the best data and we look at it from the 2010 2012 and The average is somewhere on 2011. That's that's the the anomaly of the the climate So don't be surprised if you find numbers Overestimated because it's la Nina year. So when we are talking about wetland The globe was very wet at that time It is new because we try to use what we call expert system Experts mean that we don't impose our our intention to do things we use the best available data and You know, it is there and we use it first of all is to look at the water balance of the globe to look at the input and output so we see what's the remaining or the deficit if you wish and Another layer is the topography so that we know where are these surpluses will be accumulating and Use the SRTM to look at that so we can see How wet the surface is so we have that classification of wet soil in the map So we have wetland map and the next challenge is how to put a layer of pitland So again, the expert says that if you have this is the definition we adopted Organic material more than 30 centimeters that speed So like it or not, that's that's what is the the rest of the word define it and if the pit is more than 50 percent organic material then That's even finer in term of information and that is about 30 29 percent of of carbon in it So from wetland we have bit land and that's global So this is the expert system with that to adopt it here the Map you can see it in the website It's global, but I want to highlight. What's what's there? We found that Wetland and pitland is found more in Latin America instead of Asia So we found 46% of the global pitland is in in Latin America not in Asia Asia second and By country Brazil is the largest larger than Indonesia and then the remaining is in in Africa so That's that's the thing that we Ourself is kind of surprised. So it's different again because we use different definition or the definition that we adopted and we use 2011 as learning a year if we zoom it in this area in The Maranjon in Peru. I'm glad that Peruvian Scientists are here and then also the work in Peru are represented and in Congo Basin and in Indonesia There are different kind of density in term of carbon because we also managed to assess the depth and also the carbon content in each of this Again, this is the limitation. We have we only have somewhere around 300 350 data set data point across the globe So this map invites you if you are expert to to work into more detail the the area is there The the tiff file is downloadable. If you look at the the map that we have here basically you look at you can interact with this map and You can find where the wetland are where the pitlands the pit are and then you zoom it in a country And then you can download the data in tiff format. So you you can work it out That's why it is interactive so that We also want to make sure you register so we have the record who are Visiting and contributing so that at the end of the day, we will be able to to improve the map that we have So the next step what we would like to do as I said earlier. This is a life And and a living kind of map we will improve it by having people validating the the map As I said, it's only one year So we need to scale it down in term of temporal resolution if people have the chance to look at the phenology Final resolution in term of climate then we might have a we might be better off in term of Refining where the wetland and pitland are And then it is not there at the moment that we only work in lowland pitland we have not done the mountain pit and that's that's huge in Peru in China in Highland of Africa also so it is still untouched and it is not done and In the context of this Forum we are talking about restoring pitland or wetland if we have finer resolution in terms of time We might be able to monitor time by time the degraded pitland so that we can Do the locates the scoping of the area and the situation and direction or trend of degradation as well so in the global context as Christopher mentioned actually the the awareness about the importance of pitland for climate change mitigation and adaptation is already there about three years four years ago. We were invited by the Substar of the UN triple C and they intentionally Run a workshop like what we did last week Especially to look at high carbon reservoir, which include pitland mangrove and wetland and It is there in the agenda, which was not in the agenda item of the UN triple C So hopefully from now on wetland pitland will be an agenda item If you know the process in the substar in the cop APA is I think it's got 13 agenda item now I hope pitland will have more and more in terms of attention from the negotiator because it is very timely now to look at again technology methodology is speaking IPCC was asked by the UN F triple C to develop the methodology to do the accounting or inventory of Greenhouse gases of carbon in wetland. So this is a special report a supplement to the 2006 guideline and The main the most important thing from that document is the message the methodology for wetland including pitland and mangrove and Lastly as Christopher mentioned in the beginning if we relate this kind of work and try to capture what is the need of the national government and DC is one Because we see a lot of countries and that survey you can see people already use and DC as an entry point and Again, it is a living document. They will revise it year by year So pitland can be part of this. I believe Indonesian government is picking this up and Peruvian will be soon and Kongo when we discuss with the delegates in Born last week. They are very eager to include Pitland in their NDC and then another mitigation option through REDD is also openly Available and it's time now to explore that and the beautiful thing with with NDC With the Paris Agreement is that they also include or even look at adaptation in a balanced manner So again pitland wetland will be part not only for mitigation But also adaptation. I think that's it Thank you very much Okay. Thank you very much. Then please keep your questions for later I'd like to ask now Babudi Vardana from the Pitland agency to speak. He's the deputy head of the National Pitland restoration agency, you know the Pitland agency for he's a head for planning and cooperation He previously worked at WWF Indonesia as director for policies the sustainability and transformation And he also worked for a long time more than 10 years at the Ministry of Environment Where he was at the end head of division of for biosafety and he will So his his work is on policy analysis and sustainable transformation and he will Talk to us about using LiDAR for pitland restoration planning Would you please come to the microphone? Thank You Christophe the slide please so as In the morning Panasir said that the two technology that PRC requires The two most one of them is on the technology for pitland mapping So I will present one of the state of arts in Pitland mapping that we use it's not the newest one, but this is the best available Technology that we have currently So we use LiDAR technology for pitland restoration planning Oops So I will present you the background of why the government of Indonesia Really focusing on and put efforts to restore pitland one of the reason is the continues in 18 years without any Caps every year in 18 years. We have forest and land fire in Indonesia and More and more those fires happens on of a pitland and what is the Significant effect of pitland fire is that it can get fire in the long Time period because of the amount of biomass that get burned Throughout the fire season or the dry seasons I Also would like to give you an introduction on LiDAR and IRL photography technology for our pitland restoration planning the use of thematic spatial analysis for land cover and hydrotopography data the availability of use partial thematic data for biophysical restoration planning and The closing the Simple and what is the summary of the use of this technology for restoration planning? So this remote sensing technology if any of you have been in pitland before So you understand the advantage of having this remote sensing technology Because we can gather the various information type Time money manpower efficiency Efficiency accessibility, you know how accessible is is the Pitland for us it's difficult to go there and to To go to the point that we need to to check in the pitland track changes over time because we use the Satellite imagery and then on the same spot of Aria We can have data from time to time so we can monitor the changes of land cover and With LiDAR and LiDAR we can have three dimensional data that we can use to make Models on and also to to put where the Constructions of rewetting should be built the type of sensor that we use we have active and passive one We have type of platform. We can use space born Platform satellite or we have airborne small medium-sized airplane airplane Throne and also hand carried or we carry it through the land and through the pitland For instance the ground penetrating radar that used by C4 also to measure the depth of pitland So the LiDAR technology stand for the light detection and ranging is the same as radar, but using laser beam and We use three type of Measurement that we have we use inertial measurement unit to ensure that the data that gathered throughout the flying of this airplane to gather data is accurate enough and From large scale mapping for detailed plan. We have recording that acquisitions. We have points cloud laser data We have assessment and then resulted in digital elevation model and 3d point cloud modeling What is useful? so we can look into a Highly Resolution data that we can see the ground sample distance of 10 centimeters vertical accuracy of 10 centimeters also and the horizontal accuracy of 7 centimeters So it's quite accurate and quite detailed and the special data produces Aerial photographic the DEM digital elevation model and also thematic and base map at the scale of one to 2500 scale And then cover in 3d point cloud We can see that we have the overview of the areas in in terms of forest covers and also the We call the hate and also these structures of agitations over the same area and then we applied to the Land use over the pit line We can see that the difference between the young oil palm mature oil palm Swampy shrub Expand over areas over the pit line and also forest land with good tree cover All of those three distinct Features is the main input that we use for pit land restoration planning The 3d modeling of the same map and then the pit line hydrological unit map that the government already published based on the scale of one to two thousand and five hundred thousand scale and also pit land designation map designation map means the designations for the cultivation and for the protections map it should be developed for the scale of one to 250,000 that's one zero more That's we need we need to To correct it. Okay Then we have hydrological analysis map that we produce in the scale of one to 2500 Which we can gather the informations of the drainage density flow pattern flow directions and also the width and the depth of each of the canal and also To generate a land cover map with the vegetation density Cultivated land natural land and also the types of vegetations over the land It's all produced in one flight of the map the the the two I could not point it in here, but the the two map On below is the produce of the LIDAR one of the produce of the LIDAR and Using the DEM from the data from the LIDAR we can point out in which Directions of the canals that we should block in this examples with the length of this Particular canals we have 5.7 kilometers length of this particular canal from the yellow X to the other yellow X and From the two X the height difference is only 50 centimeters in which that's the Criteria for putting the Canal blocking or the dams so the head dams will be on that X the first X and then the second X This is also the result of using LIDAR and also using the LIDAR we we can see the Hydro topography We can also identify which one is the primary drainage canal which one is the secondary drainage canal in the shape of the dome and also the natural drainage system or reference system and Also, we use these those maps the seven maps we do the database speed restoration line unit We overlay with the data of forest product timbers utilizations meaning the concessions of Forestry industry and also the concessions of palm oil industries and With the two overlay of those database we can identify Which one and who's going to be responsible for the restorations of Particular land up air he means you need pangalola restoration gambut the management unit that responsible for the pitland Restorations we can identify and each of the unit management and we do the spatial joint So we produce matrix matrix. We call it matrix for the restoration action and It has been produced for the several assessment Spatial based assessment. We have the general description of bio physical and socio-economic condition for each of the provinces And then we have descriptions of each pitland hydroponics unit And then the narrative matrix and then we produce restoration locations map What it's look like so this is the IRL photography and then we can identify What is the type of land use over the pitland? This is also the samples of abandoned pitland This is the burn over areas and then why we need the high resolutions that are for pitland management planning We need to resume early allocating pitlands land use For the production and protection purpose. We have pitlands water management design that sometimes we need to redesign the water management of the management unit Providing three-dimensional features detail thematic data for the traditional covers land use land management system hydropography Hope more for metric of the pitland and topographic of the pitland and then we identify the restorations of degraded pitland through rewetting reviginations and other socio-economic revitalizations of the local communities This is the surface elevations of IRL pit hydroponics unit You can see in that that the water management is important in the plantations on pitland areas to prevent fire and also subsidence of the Pitland because the continuous subsidence can lead to another disaster It is not fire, but it will be flooding. It's the same economic effect that will hit the local community We can use also the result of the LiDAR mapping to measures the carbon stock estimations, especially the above-grown carbon biomass And also using the multi-stage processing of small to medium scale scale with the generalization of aggregations and then detailing we can move both from the Land cover and land use map We can also use the landscape ecology ecological approach to use the to gather the information on land cover According to specific criteria and each of criteria have the implications on the management or the restorations actions And this is the matrix that we produce from overlaying and doing the analysis We can see in that matrix the kabu pattern or the districts that the restoration activity Should be implemented The unit that is responsible to do the restorations and also the locations in terms of villages So we have also the programs we call the desapoduli gambut or Village friendly pit friendly villages program and Also, we can identify how many canal blocking that we need to Develop to construct in each of these unit management Down to or going right to the numbers of Revisitations the area that we need to do the Revisitations of a degraded pit lane and this is the result we can blow this map up to the Scale that we can identify how many canal blocking that we need to put and what type of Revisitations activities that we need to To establish so the red one means that those area has been burned in 2015 the blue one represent the dome or deep canal deep deep pit that already been canalized And the green one is the area of pit dome or pit depth pit that's still intact So you can see from this hydrological unit of Chawang and Lalang the intact pit lane is less than 20% of the whole hydrological unit. So thank you. Thank you very much for this Interesting and very detailed presentation for Booty. I'm calling now Lira Meitz For the next presentation Lira is a senior program officer in For climate change and biodiversity in the UN environment and as I said before it's actually the UN environment World Conservation Monitoring Center She's working in she has been working in her life before on red plus and she's still supporting countries on special planning for it plus while also considering biodiversity and and ecosystem services and and She also before joining the WCMC in 2002 she did her PhD in Leeds University on Biodiversity in Amazonia. Okay Lira, please close yours Thank you. Could we have a slide please? So despite having done my PhD in Amazonia today, I'm talking about the Congo basin It's a real, oh, could we have the slide? It's the real honor to be here today with such a prestigious panel. Thank you very much for having me I've come here from the Global Peatlands Initiative meeting so there's been a second partners meeting of the Global Peatlands Initiative in Jakarta over the the last few days and I've also been privileged to be able to visit some of the peatland area in Sumatra So it's it's really great to hear these These additional explanations from VRG on how Indonesia is planning to restore its peatlands But what I wanted to talk about today is completely different part of the world the Congo basin Could we have the next slide please? Or can I do that? I have the power So one of the first things the Global Peatlands Initiative is planning to do is a rapid response assessment on the world's peatlands So it'll have the opportunity to build on some of the work from Daniel and his colleagues The intention of the initiatives to build awareness particularly amongst decision-makers in peatland countries and indeed in the donor community to help bring the plight of peatlands to the world's attention and The rapid assessment will help to explain some of what we know and some of what we don't know about peatlands and Fill some of those well start to identify some of those data gaps Until recently in this area in the Congo basin. There's been a very big data gap but there's been a piece of work undertaken by Greta Dargis Simon Lewis and Many colleagues both from the UK and from the Congo basin The University I'm gonna pronounce this wrongly, but the University of Marion Ungarby As well as the wildlife conservation society in the Congo have helped with this work What they've been doing is looking at this area this green blob on the map. You can see is a Shallow depression about the size of Germany in The central Congo basin called the Kuved central and in this area It was clear that there was peat, but there wasn't a great deal of evidence to suggest how much peat there might be so This team went to the area. They did some transects So they got an idea of what kinds of vegetation types Were on peat and also what the depth of the peat was and the density of the peat in those transects It's quite a small team, but they looked at eight transects of between I think two and twenty kilometers So it's a it's a good first sample and then They've taken some remote sensing information. So like Daniel, they've been looking at the topography they use radar to get to an idea of standing water and they used optical imagery and From this they built a model of the vegetation types. So they had an idea of which vegetation types Were on peat and they modeled the vegetation types to get to an estimate of of the peatland area in the region and they got to around a hundred and forty five thousand kilometers squared. So this is a Much larger area than people have previously been aware was likely to be covered by peatland And that team would be the first to say this is a first estimate, but it's pretty exciting There's a that estimate suggests that the the median depth of these peatlands is about two meters and across that area that means there could be as much as 30 gigatons of Carbon Which is about the same as the amount of biomass in the forest above and below ground Across the two countries, so the Republic of Congo on one side and the Democratic Republic of Congo on the other So it's the same story all over the world right the the peatland Occupied just a small fraction of the national area, but they have a very large proportion of the carbon but of course We already knew that this area was important for other reasons and The center that I come from a particular interest is biodiversity we're a Biodiversity conservation and ecosystem services center, so we then worked with Greta and Simon and colleagues to take the opportunity to do a very rapid as the first assessment of what else was going on in this region And I'll just show you a couple of maps from that and that that's a contribution to the rapid response assessment I mentioned to start with So clearly this area is important for for wildlife for biodiversity What we can see here in green is the areas that are are likely to be peat swamp forest Emphasizing again that this is a first map So these are all the areas that the maximum likelihood model that they used Suggested was more than 50% likely to be peat swamp forest and And the darker green Areas of those that are richer in threatened vertebrates Which is species like the Western gorilla over to the west or the bonobo over to the east? And then the pink areas you can see the little pink polygons those are key Biodiversity areas so the areas that have been identified using a standard as a standard that says there are global Importance for biodiversity and many of these areas have already been designated as Protected areas of one kind or another by the two governments So, you know, there's clearly an existing commitment to conservation in this region, which is encouraging and to date The peatland in this area is in in a great condition these forests are relatively intact The peat swamp forest itself is about a a day's walk from the river So that's part of the reason why there wasn't very much information about it as it's been relatively remote and inaccessible But that picture may be starting to change and as this map shows in in red you can see areas of tree cover loss that come out of the global Matt Hansen data set and In this particular example You can see The big polygons are showing where there are concessions that are granted or being offered for Exploration for oil and gas or the little yellow ones for for mining concessions So you can see that the there's a possibility that this area will not remain in in such an undisturbed state for so long there are also quite a few logging roads that are starting to come into the region and there are Around the edges again. There are some logging concessions that have been designated so we could be at a turning point for this area and As the the delegates from the Congo that have been at the meeting today and at the global peatlands initiative partners meeting have been Very keen to stress. They'd like to make sure that these peatlands Protected in the future and they don't experience some of the problems that have been seen in Southeast Asia with drainage and burning so What can researchers do to to support this this grind grand objective of keeping those peat carbon stocks intact? One obvious step is to refine the carbon stock estimates. So the only transects that have been Produced so far have been been done by this team and they've just been done in a limited part of this huge basin so there's an opportunity to use the Vegetation map to quite selectively sample other areas and then to improve the map based on those samples to get a better idea of How accurate the map is? But I don't think we need to wait for a perfect map to be able to to start thinking about what the Future threats might be to this region and what the policy responses should be so we can produce some scenarios that look at at that kinds of The concession stated that I was showing later But also what the likely changes are in commodity demand food food demand and so on in the region to see Have a better idea of the risk of agricultural conversion because people Really aren't very clear about this so far And then also it would be very helpful to know in this region if there was drainage What would the effects of that drainage on ecosystem services be? We have a lot of lessons from Asia Pacific But it is a different part of the world and and there is very little knowledge on What drainage might do to the fire risk in this region? What role the peatlands play in the regional hydrology and how that might be affected what it might do to water quality and so on and then of course the People are working at every level here from the local communities up to the governments Need to think about how they're going to manage this area in future. So there's room for some Action research on what the communities are thinking how they're using the peatlands so far What their aspirations are for their own future development? and then to to get to Supporting then the national government the local governments in thinking about what sound policy options are so that there's this area Can be protected and that any use is sustainable So I think there's a strong role for the international community to play in supporting the congos who? the two governments are really just beginning to have an idea of the The massive carbon stocks that they are responsible for here They already knew that they had 30 gigatons in their forest, but now another 30 gigatons of carbon. It's a pretty big deal Thank you. Thanks Lira For this very interesting glimpse into what's happening in the Congo Basin our next speaker is Professor Mitsuro Ozaki from Hokkaido University as I said before is a professor emeritus of the research faculty and He's a professor of grad of the graded school of agriculture or he was He's he's a well-known Globally leading scientists on on peatlands and wetlands He works also on greenhouse gas emissions on fires and rehabilitation and conservation of peatlands. He was For several years the project leader of a GST JICA project on white fire and carbon management in pitfalls in Indonesia and This work resulted also in the first book of topical peatlands Which was published last year. He's also president of the Japan peatland society and Here several collaboration with with other universities and with Organizations in Indonesia, so he will be talking to us about peatland restoration To enhance carbon neutral neutral function Professor Ozaki, please come to the microphone so Title is a little bit Different and so you can see the this is a quite new terminology ABCDEF It's securities Enhancement by the tropical peatland restorations so you see the Security is something opposite concept of the crisis. This is a the security and The crisis is something Front or back and so I want to talk the The peatland the from the another aspect So if we do deserve or destroy the completely peatland which Enhance the the securities. So the this ABCDEF is several securities. Could you give the next one? Yes, what is the ABCDEF? securities so as you know the Natural capital in peatland which has very high because of the high-carbon reservoir ecosystems and You know the already so also the high water the reservoir ecosystem So the later I'm talking about biomass productivity is also very high compared to the mineral soil in tropical and so The biodiversity also very high. So if the natural the peatland The maintain or rehabilitate it We can get this kind of the high value of the natural capital And so this is the ABCDEF as securities and if the We overcome the crisis because of a crisis mainly the depend on the developing of Canals and the water level is decreasing. So this is a one of the crisis And so which is very affected by the climate change And so but if to rehabilitate Decoupled this kind of the drained Ecosystems so we can get a very high value of the ABCDEF as securities. What is a is a aquatic? This is a water The you know that this is a bear high the water the reservoir ecosystem So water security is increasing and the biodiversity is very high and the climate change the security also the increasing because This is the the contribute to mitigation as a carbon emission reduction and adaptation as a high the biomass the production Even in the high the water level the conditions which is against to the El Nino effect And also the disaster securities. So what is a disaster in the in pit? That is the main is a fire and the haze And so energy securities so the if the good management So we can get a huge amount of the biomass from the pit run And so food feed security. So for example the if the we're growing the sorrow So this is a very adapted the pit run and so give the huge amount of the starches Also, this is a will be the contributed to Food security or feed the securities. So if roughly calculate, so the if compared to the Starch production of the rice so the gist value is almost 20 times or 10 times higher than the rice Also, the social securities. Okay, so if the we success this ABCDF So this security the contributed to the social or national Securities so next one, please and so the For thinking the the security or crisis. This is reported to from the world economic the forums So this the forum the point of what is a global the crisis In just 21st centuries. So the you see the This the bottom is a livelihood to go to the right. So just the livelihood Crisis in increasing and so this Bad girls the Impact to the crime and Climate and so the natures and so on and so this security The crisis also increasing So what is the most highest? The crisis from this use to criterias So the circle red circle showing that is a water crisis in especially the terrestrial Land the waters the amount of the waters and the Quality of the waters. So now, you know the 21st century. So we must Thinking the were caring about not only the carbon also water is very important as already I said the the peatland is a boss the element very high the stock So that we we should do estimate Deestimate the carbon function or water function in the peatland. So next one so why the Just kind of the the crisis one is a for example the Victoria falls in the Zambia's rivers So this is a very famous the falls So 2012 so we visit IPCC committees visited here's and take pictures and the border of the Zambia So the the 2015 maybe you know the super linear And so you see the no waters and very surprised It is the big the fall the falls almost two kilometer was on but the dryer so I asked to the The person of the who manage the park here's and so never happened there before Even in the 1990s the seven to eight also we had the super linear But what the fall still remain the and in us of the waters which mean maybe so Climate condition almost same in the both years. And so we are I'm very worrying about the water stock Now so the getting degrees in in this ecosystem in Africa and next one This is a Kinnabar mountain the in the border highest mountain in the Kinnabar and you can see the clouded The surrounding the the mountains so just the crowd gives something moisture to ecosystem then so you see next one Next one So the we we can found the Pete the in this the cloud of forestry from the 1200 one to 100 500 the height in in this areas So all days almost cloud sense of very humid and we can find the spawn us and we can find the Pete in the slope Here is around 30 30 centimeter to 50 centimeter sometimes one meters so huge the the Pete is Located in this cloud forestry in Borneo and so But I I visited to 2015 in super linear years This they're normally very wet the huge the waters contain but the dryer completeness Also, you can see the bottom the normally they have the big Waterfalls and so this is another year's pictures and so just time there are no waters completeness and so the Not only the African case the also the Park the Management the people said this is a first time completely dry up the fall And so even in the 1997 to 8 similar the El Ninos But still enough amount of water supplied because of the huge stock of the waters in in the Clouded forest radius, but now so the getting the dry More every year's maybe so the water is coming to short or dry up the run so next one So this is something's whole more bigger the scale the water and carbon the relationship or circulation and In the bottom you you see the already we are discussing the low land the Pete and the huge amount of water stock and carbon stock Also, then so water is evaporate or Translate it and make a crowd and circulate it inside or sometimes the bring the water to the mountain the side And so the center is we call the heart of all knows still remain the forestry but this the year by years the deforested and if The disappears a forestry maybe the water stock is decreasing Also, which mean the if have the rain in Rainy season and so water may be down off and the dry season no stock and the dry up the reverse and so this kind of the big the The circulated ecosystem now we are very warning about destroyed by something the human development of the Pete low land the Pete also high land the Pete and so if the the Pete run the degraded by for example the drain and so just increasing the vulnerabilities and This is the case of the what to say the if we want to manage the the Pete run in In dry the Pete run the the systems so which is vulnerability is increasing and Resilience is degree Decreasing but if we change the system and rewetting the keep high water levels Also, vulnerability is the decreasing and the resilience is increasing So maybe this is a what to say the very drastically is we cannot to select it the between of this So we decide which is better the management that this kind of the total ecosystem next one So maybe so this is a general pictures of what the is a function of the the Pete run so key is a water and so if the the the Pete run for history the forest and so something impact climate change the El Nino song and Rural chef and the drain So that is a directory to affect to the water statues also if change the water statues and maybe which mean the reducing the water condition or Amount of the waters so which affect to carbon emission by fires and also the carbon emission the micro organism degradation and Also the carbon loss through the waters and so We also found this is the also affect to the Carbon assimilation this is a photo synthesis and so the this also decreasing by reduce the water tables next one so the normally we are thinking the Productivity of the plant in Peter on will be the small but from our actually the study in the Kalimantan and so the red one is a mix the Carapace forestry and the green one is The Pete run and Gray wine is a Kerala's the very shallow Pete the the Sunday soils and so the above man About grand biomass is very high in the mineral soils. Maybe this is the normally the you agree But productivity the how much the produce the biomass By a pie hectares. So if compete the we we started at these values also the the Mineral soil MDF makes the forestry the torque up as forestry is low and If compared to this so the wood product rate is very high Almost two or three times higher than the mineral soils in in the Pete run And so the productivity is very high if keeps are the high water tables The which is growing the natural the vegetations which is better adapted to high water tables and that trees or ecosystem give Two or three times higher the the productivity and so next one So the another is a saga. So the saga is a this is a ideal case in the Melanthi and so the very high the starch production that is around 30 tone the starch per hectare per years and third one is Saga The produce around the hundred tone the biomass that is the dry matter per hectare per years. This is something the record of the biomass production in the global scales our next one So the in the past that we are only thinking the in the small case the farmers or small The private company the produce the starch the from the saga in Wetland and so yes, this is also very important And so just that contribute to food and the feed and so but you see the saga the palm gives a very high biomass also Also, this was a slower way and nothing or sometimes the polluted to environment And so but if you use the biomass to other fuels so which give the high values of the What they say I said the the securities and also something by materials and You see the summer more adapted to close to the coastal areas So coastal or mangrove areas also the in this ecosystem the nipples and the coconuts and something the mick forestry the timbers There will also produce a huge amount of biomass. And so we design the together wins the what is the the benefit to were incentive to conserve or distraight of this the wet the Petron also the economic values potential economic value very huge, but nothing touch about this kind of the materials the for until now, so now we think The including the this kind of the values for Pete restoration the concept next one so this is the conclusion so the The left side, maybe you see the harvest the sound I call So what is the harvested sound already the fix the carbon by by through the plants or Then the stock as a the fossil fuel why is the oil and coals and something gas Also, but you know the the cop 21 Agreement we must reduce drastically to use this kind of the fossil fuels and so another point the in all time the stock the carbon in wetland and Something coastal ecosystems and so this is our our topics to how to conserve the these areas So which we call do we call as a mitigations? so that is the almost equal to the conservation and that contribute to to mitigate the Climate change and so but just the the international agreement the cop 21 and SDGs another criteria to to conserve the ecosystem SDG is sustainable to develop Goals and we have the 16 goals and more detailed the goal is the huge but Mostly related to something environment or ecological the system how to estimate SDGs This is another topic in futures But anyway, so the introducing this kind of the criteria's now so the already that we discussing let the plus and so we can the use this mechanism for the credit carbon credit and so The now so, you know, the Indonesia is leading countries for the talking about this kind of little plus, but so the Indonesia government to to Registrate to around the 40 the red project, but among the 40s only to now the come to the biodiversity desire Concession which is called as a red project and so why is a limba limba liar and second one is a PT limba makumura utamas and very large the areas the covering but you see the The red program the not officially the started in Indonesia and they cover something the CSR something another and so the still the many problem of the red and Also the carbon credit the value is very low the in international market And so just the credit the mechanism is not so the good incentive to to promote the Pete Restorations and but this is a still very important But we I recommend to more focusing the Harvesting the sound now that we what we do to harvest the sound So maybe so which is related the renewal energy the wind or water solar powers so and Another one is a biomass Also, I said Especially the peteran give very high biomass even compared to the mineral soils and so Then this is a something adaptation program to climate change and so we The growing something this is some examples the saga nipa coconuts and something trees and we get the feed food food and energy And also something materials so now You see the CSR only the Essex, but now so the after SDGs the agreement so the investors especially bank is now moving to ESG the M and SRI environment social governance and so socially responsible Investment this is a SLI So what is this? It is not only the criteria Okay, so the bank or International network of the bank to apply this the criteria's and Estimated some company for example destroying the the peteran also the They they calculated for example the SDGs the max and if give very low the values No, invest and maybe the company is Corrupt so this is the very the strong the powerful the tools and we should do more focusing on the mechanism of CG's not only the carbon credit Also the binding together the investment and not only the credit maybe so asked to the investment to the biomass then so the what to say the the What to say the economic the incentives they're increasing for local people and for the Indonesia government and so next ones. Thank you very much Okay, thank you very much professor Zaki now the last speaker is Serena Liu from the Global environmental center global environment center. She is a senior staff where she Is working on peteran related issues peteran management Supporting institutional development and capacity and frameworks also in in collaboration with ASEAN and So she will talk to us about community-based peteran restoration Experience from ten years Good afternoon everyone so after long discussion by our expert scientist click here So now it's a community-based practice So we actually how to transform the information from this technical findings and recommendation to government To really practice on the ground together with the community. So when we talk about community engagement, we're actually looking at Partnership so is the one of the Sustainable development goal to have this partnerships for the goals is actually to share knowledge Share expertise technology and most important thing to share the finance To support the achievement of the sustainable development goals in all countries in particular developing countries So we actually engage the private sector civil society partners to build experience and resource strategies of the partnership so multi stakeholders partnership with multi funded projects and Programs we have the ASEAN in the middle because that's the ownership of the programs then we have International development agencies which provide financial support technical support. We also have this NGO's partners local community partners as well and Not the least the CSR partners, so we have a time to be we have more we have a gamutai and other partners and funders So this on the documented community's best management practices in ASEAN region for the past 10 years So we transform technology to practice which to engage also the community So we get the community to participate So we give them training workshops to strengthen their capacity one of the most important thing is the fire happening on pitlands, so The technical partner they come up with the forecast On the fire race and how we this Seminate this information to the community so we develop the smartphone application So we get the land manager to subscribe to the web to the application as well And then with this man and automatically to the subscriber Then engage them to participate To prepare their village map with utilization of GPS So we have the technology GPS, but usually GPS only used by the expert or maybe our NGO colleague, but We really need to engage the local scientists because they're living there They know their place and is their livelihood Then for that this Decimination of information also commonly have their own system their community radio system So if they don't have internet coverage, but at least they have their community radio The lesson learn and experience sharing through environmental education training and workshops To improve their skills. We also have this peer learning program to bring communities from one location to another location to learn from each other farming practices Sojourn farming Which is a great for three practices to integrate planting of cash crop and medium-term three species This can be cash crop together with a rubber gelato Floating garden is the concept with Was developed in Philippines because they usually have their flood every year So they have this flood garden concept For the rehabilitation practices water management and fire prevention bang a living three system actually developed by Park Swido from Central Kalimantan Then have a sitting buyback Program the sitting nursery in developed by local commentaries and sitting To be self to the government agency or NGO to do the replanting At the degraded pitlands then canal blocking community fire prevention and control So this is a local community engaged to support patrolling and Also to train them with the prevention measures and fire suppression and control. This is really happening in Indonesia because Indonesia they have a Maseraga petuli abhi the NPR program For alternative livelihood development green contract very famous in Vietnam This is actually to engage the community living within the buffer zone to take care of the buffer zone to protect the the National Park Then development of environmental friendly energy so integrate approach Where cattle implantation fed with shredded palm leaves Then the calm manual turn into biogas which Support the household usage in kitchen or the lights in the house Equal tourism so create awareness while providing income opportunity for local communities with limited damage to the ecosystem then a research and development so research for compost or burn organic waste to create ash for fertilizer in the cropping and other innovative to Encourage us them use of a pill and so that they don't do the burning on the pitland itself So key factor for successful community engagement in pill and rehabilitation So the first engage them from early stage So they involve in the planning Until that practice and do the maintenance So also to support comedy and organization development generate clear benefit to community So it must be clear. It's not unclear. So maybe they have some a Blind promise something like that. Yeah, but this one is really have to When you say something you promise them to do it. You really have to fulfill that Then when us enhancement and covers the building ceiling development planting maintenance and fire prevention So we have plated hydrology and encourage power of nature to support natural regeneration So we mean to national park in Vietnam. This is very successful story Where Maluloka forest on pitland recognized as asian heritage park in 2013 Then designated as from society in 2016. So it's actually the commitment from the rocker Authorities and technical support from scientists and research institute as well as the local committee at buffer zone Where improved? livelihood reducing dependency on on the forest. So this is a multi stakeholder effort multi-level effort so on this Best best management practices Actually come under this asian pitland management strategy 26 to 2020 Also under the umbrella of asian agreement on trans polyhase pollution Which was signed in 2002? Then after that, there is a asian program on sustainable management of pitland ecosystem 2014 to 2020 Which was and those by the asian environment ministers in 2013 So under the asian pillen Asian program of sustainable management of pitland ecosystem There were six key targets Were endorsed the first one the pillen inventory second zero burning and control burning with exceptional cases the third repletation fourth Sustainable management sustainable livelihood sustainable economic use fifth Reduction of greenhouse gases Emission and the sixth implementation of asian pillen management strategy and national action plan on pillens So this is really Significant milestone for asian in conserving the pillen ecosystem in the region So from asian agreement on trans polyhase pollution site in 2002 Then asian pillen management initiative in 2003 Then asian manage asian pillen management strategy in 2006 then asian a national action plan on pillens So objective of future Projects and program must be in line with the priorities of the asian social cultural community blueprint the intensifying implementation of the strategies national action plans and also the asian program Support implementation of the asian haste free route map. This is new the haste free route map and those Year ago Then upcoming projects there are four global environment facility funded projects in Indonesia Malaysia and Mekong and one EU funded asian cooperation in biodiversity and climate change Program with the title sustainable use of pillen and haste mitigation in asian Then the Japan asian integration fund then we have international fund for agricultural development on measurable action for haste free Southeast Asia all these projects are to achieve Sustainable management of pillen through collective actions and Enhance cooperation to support and sustain local livelihoods reduce fire risk and associated haste and contribute to global environmental management For a clean and green asian And there's a saying Cherish the earth starts from each individual's footsteps. So this is all our responsibility to take care of our earth The mother earth the pillar ecosystem So with that, thank you Thank you very much Serena Okay, how we how do we bring all this together First of all, I'm going to say We're going to go five minutes over time. It's not enough to really get a discussion going but at least I would like to allow some a few questions Recently as I read something about The CK concept it's another letter we add to the soup It seems to be a concept that that comes From the industry and it seems to play a role in some some parts of the industry to organize their thinking It's about C concept and K knowledge and how we bring the two together and I think in this session Maybe that's that's how we can frame what we have seen in this session how How knowledge is needed which we saw in the first presentations new knowledge about peats peatlands they extend the carbon stored there but also The knowledge doesn't tell you much if you don't have a concept how you deal with it And I think the second part of the of the of the presentations gave us a little bit more insight into Conceptual thinking thinking out of the box bringing communities in working with communities learning from them to and also thinking in broader broader ways than just single crop systems But trying to develop a more integrated approach to management and I also think we always have a tendency to Go into one direction. Let's say red is going to solve everything or This crop is going to solve everything and I think we need to think of those systems in broader terms and more integrated terms and and also in more diverse terms and I guess this is maybe the take-home message today that if we have if you have the concepts alone without data We don't get far, but we need data We need the better data for the better management of peatlands We need also to better understand where peatlands are and how deep they are and how much carbon is there We also need to to think about how we handle all this and I think that's That that came out of the second part I'd like to open the floor for for a few questions and then I give a very quick final round for one sentence comments to the panel and So stay with us for another five minutes Who has questions? Please come forward or comments nobody Everything is crystal clear. You know what to do now When you go out here you how you're going to save peatlands from now on Okay, then maybe Let's go to the panel again and maybe start from From professor Azakin and go this way in just one sentence. What is your priority for the next steps? What would be the next thing that needs to be done? I think we need a microphone one sentence They're eager to get coffee so the Next step the the very clear as I I showed the two mechanism for incentive Why is a credit mechanism, but that establish the credit so the huge the task work So we want to to reduce this kind of task work using something a model The what to say we develop the satellite data's and actually the monitoring and the binding So more easy to estimate to water tables and the CO2 emissions something like so simplify that this maybe so They're more easy to apply to REDD or some another the credit mechanism and another the point So we are still missing the something technology how to use the biomass so the lot of The project already they're going to Europe and Japan but so but not adequate technology in here the small community base or several The level is required not yet. So developing and so the additional the comment is should be to To develop more the water the management systems So canal blocking is one ideas But already the drained and the dried areas if maker canals no waters coming up so the irrigation is important and Do some they mention about in the case of the veteran the women turn national park So this the totally bound the the feet run in 1997 to 8 by big El Ninos then so the government to decide to protect and make a big They shut down the canals and to make what they say the pumping up systems now. So the Don't yes, don't elaborate so credits better biomass management and Water management. Yep. Yes, they are Thinking about the Congo basin region Of course, it's good to have better information and for any kind of land use or spatial planning You need to know where the peat is I don't think it's quite so important although it's interesting and valuable to know exactly how deep it is Because once that peatland starts to degrade, you know, whether it's two meters or five meters You'll still be getting significant annual emissions. So I think from a research Quantification perspective pinning down the area has to be the first priority But I also Don't think you need to wait for that better information to be starting to to work on the policy and to be identifying what the How the development needs of that area can be met in a way that still protects That valuable ecosystem and all of its services, not just the carbon stocks Okay to prong the approach Getting better data while already working on the policies. I think makes a lot of sense Lira I would say welcome on board on the peatland families and just do our best use our capacity and Also to teach our friends or whoever to really conserve and protect the Peatland ecosystem in the world Say Lira, sorry Serena Okay, welcome to the club So from my part To make a better planning we have to understand what is to be planned in there And it's still too expensive for us using the luxurious Technology as slider to do peatland management. So we need to find another way that we can gather or we can have Good enough data Without having to pay for that data so much. So a technology for that second part is those luxurious data is idle if we don't use it properly. So please Access those data and uses for research for other purpose even for measuring the carbon From this excellent data that we have so it's open So let's use that for the betterment of the peatland management See everybody already on the cell phones accessing the data Okay, Daniel, I like that CNK a concept a thing having had the map It's yours. It's not ours. It's open for public Conceptually speaking It is usable to enter into this interaction with the NDC processes So that's that's the next very destination we are heading to how to locate this precious asset in term of high carbon Ecosystem used to map and refine that and we need knowledge and this with this knowledge We can refine what what we already have there. So it will be really applicable So it will, you know, be very convincing to government to local community and also practitioner So, yeah with the CNK thing we can move forward with the map and If you make next step and then turn right, you will see the lab landscape lab and visit our map there. Thank you Thank you Okay, CNK used knowledge smartly in better concepts develop better concepts to use knowledge and Work one step further in bringing all this into country Country climate action Embedded or incorporated in the NDCs. I think that's also a very important thing we need to work on Okay. Thank you very much everybody. Let's give a round of hands to the panel