 Hello everyone, Myself P. B. Ekhande working as an assistant professor in Department of Mechanical Engineering at Walch instead of technology in Sulapur. So today we will have the study related to the force-to-kinjins. At the end of this session students will be able to understand the working of force-to-kinjins. First we will have the introduction of the force-to-kinjins, then we will have the study related to the force-to-kinjins, working of the force-to-kinjins which is a petrol type of the engine called as a SI engine, then we will have the study related to the working of force-to-kinjins which is using the diesel as a working substance over there. Now introduction to force-to-kinjins, under that first we will see regarding the cycle which is required for the force-to-kinjins. In force-to-kinjins the cycle consists of four strokes of a piston which is completed in the two revolutions of the crank or the crankshaft. So these four strokes are suction stroke, compression stroke, expansion stroke and exhaust stroke. So expansion stroke which can be also considered as a power stroke. So suction stroke, compression, expansion or power and the exhaust, these are the four strokes which are completed for the force-to-kinjins and each of these above stroke is completed in sequence in 180 degrees rotation of the crank. Now when we see the construction of that working, the construction of the force-to-kinjins, it consists of the cylinder block, the piston and the cylinder head which is provided with the inlet wall and the exit wall and for the spark ignition engine or the petrol engine it is provided with the spark plug and this piston its movement is converted from rotary to from reciprocating rotary to rotary with the help of the connecting rod and the crank portion. So these are the parts which are required for the any IC engine which works for the force-to-kinjins. It may be petrol or it may be diesel engine. Now when we consider the working of this four stroke spark ignition engine that uses the fuel as a petrol and in case of the other type which is called as a compression ignition engine, the use of the diesel will be there. Working of that will be similar one but there is a slight change in the construction of that that is regarding the fuel ignition system. So spark ignition is provided with the help of the spark plug whereas the compression ignition for that the fuel injector is necessary. We will see regarding that later on. Now regarding working of this four stroke petrol or the four stroke SI engine initially suppose the piston is at the top dead center position or top most position in the cylinder block at that time the inlet wall will get open. The inlet wall will get opened and there will be entry of the petrol air mixture from the carburetor inside this cylinder. So this entry inside this cylinder will be because of the pressure difference created over there because when the piston moves in the downward direction the vacuum will get created inside this and in the carburetor whatever the fuel is there along with the carburetor that will have the pressure higher than the vacuum pressure or that is at the atmospheric pressure. Due to this pressure difference the charge which is the mixture of petrol and air enters inside this cylinder portion till the piston reaches to the bottom most position which is called as the bottom dead center position. As soon as the piston reaches the bottom dead center position the inlet wall will get closed and after that there will not be any entry of the charge inside the cylinder portion. At the same time the exhaust wall which is in the close condition remains in the close condition means now the top area above this piston will have the tight sealed portion and due to this when the piston moves in the upward direction the charge which is the air petrol mixture will get now compressed to the very high pressure. So compression will be taking place during this second stroke that's why it is called as a compression stroke. In the first stroke suction has been completed second stroke the compression is going on so air petrol mixture will be compressed to the high pressure. When the piston reaches the top dead center position at that time the spark is generated. So spark is generated with the help of electronic system which is available over there and the spark which is generated over there will ignite the fuel which is at the high pressure at the top portion which is in between the cylinder head and the top surface of the piston. Due to this ignition there will be sort of the explosion taking place very high pressure and the high temperature will be created because of the burning of that fuel. So this causes the piston movement in the downward direction and the power is obtained from the engine during this stroke that's why it is called as a power stroke or the expansion stroke. Expansion of the burnt gases burnt fuel will be taking place due to that the pressure which is exerting on the piston will produce the power and the power will be obtained to the engine crankshaft during this stroke that's why it is called as a power stroke and it can be also called as a expansion stroke. Now when the piston reaches the bottom most position that is the bottom dead center position at that time the exhaust valve will get opened now and due to the opening of this exhaust valve the burnt gases which are inside this who has already done the work on the piston and power is obtained those will be taken out through the port which is provided over here and through that that goes to the atmosphere through the silencer portion which may be connected to the exhaust port of the engine. Now the piston which is moving in the upward direction will expel all the burnt gases which are available inside this which are inside the cylinder portion so those will be expelled because of the movement of the piston in the upward direction towards the top dead center position and those all gases are expelled to the atmosphere through the silencer and when the piston reaches the top dead center position during this exhaust stroke at the end of this exhaust valve will be closed and suction valve will be opened again and due to that again the suction will be taking place so entry of the air petrol mixture will be there fresh charge will be there and after that completion of the suction stroke compression will be there cooperation when it is completed then there will be producing of the spark and expansion of the gases will take place and power is obtained and again when it reaches the bottom dead center position the exhaust stroke will be taking place like that cycle repeats for the four stroke spark ignition or the four stroke petrol engine. The similar procedure will be there for the CI engine. In the CI engine what will happen instead of the spark plug there will be the fuel injector which is mounted on the cylinder head portion and through this fuel injector there will be injecting of the very fine particle diesel inside the cylinder portion and for that purpose it is connected with the fuel pump. So fuel pump will generate the very high pressure to the diesel which is passing towards the fuel injector and the other parts are remain same the other parts are those piston connecting rod crank cylinder all will be there. Now when we consider the working of the spark ignition and the working of the compression ignition the difference will be for only the spark plug which is provided instead of there is a fuel injector and while considering the strokes which are there four strokes are there those are similar one the suction will be there compression will be there then power stroke and the exhaust will be there. Now during the suction stroke what will happen the inlet valve will get open through this inlet valve fresh charge only air will be taken inside the cylinder portion there will not be mixture of air and petrol only air will be taken air will be sucked inside the cylinder during the suction stroke air will get compressed because of the upward stroke of the engine that is the compression stroke. So whatever the air inside is there that will get compressed very high pressure and at the end of this compression stroke the fuel injector which is provided over here it will inject the fuel that is a diesel in very fine particles which is called as atomized particle form and due to that that diesel will get ignited on its own and the diesel will produce the burnt diesel will produce very high pressure and the high temperature and the power is generated because of the piston which is moving in the downward direction. So burnt diesel or the burnt charge will generate the power during this third stroke that is a power stroke or the expansion stroke after that there will be a exhausting of the burnt gases from this for that the piston moves in the upward direction but for that purpose when it starts moving in the upward direction exhaust valve will be open and burnt gases will be passed to the atmosphere through this exhaust port towards the silencer and then from silencer to the atmosphere. So this is the difference between the forced stroke compression ignition and the forced stroke spark ignition or that can be called as the forced stroke diesel and the forced stroke petroleum. Think of this question in how many revolutions of crankshaft one cycle completes in forced stroke engine in forced stroke engine the forced strokes are completed separately or distinctly and for this purpose the cycle is completed in two revolutions of the crankshaft. Thank you.