 This study assessed the technical efficiency of 54 Portuguese primary care health center groupings for the 2016-2017 biennium. It used two, stage data envelopment analysis, DEA, to obtain efficiency scores from five output-oriented DEA models under vector return to scale, VRS, assumptions. The results showed that 13 out of 54 health centers reached the efficiency frontier. Better management of human resources could reduce diabetes-related quality indicator, PQI, rates by 52.3 percent in 2016 and 49.1 percent in 2017. Higher proportions of younger patients and those with HBA1C levels below 6.5 percent were associated with better efficiency in diabetes care, while higher prevalence of diabetes and unemployment were associated with worse hospitalization rates due to diabetic short-term complications and lower extremity amputations. This study suggests that primary care facilities can improve diabetes care by focusing on better utilizing existing human resources. This article was authored by Andre Romaglio, Julio Souza, Pedro Castro, and others.