 Hi, this is Chico. What we're going to do right now is do a little bit of prep work for for what we're going to do for the language of mathematics and math and real life. At some point in the near future, in the future, we're going to do a series on probability and statistics. And what we're going to do to learn probability and statistics is to learn how to shoot dice, how to play craps. Because probability is a branch of mathematics that basically started from us trying to understand games of chance, trying to optimize our chances of winning. I figured that was a good way of introducing the topic. Okay, now what I've done already is gone out to gone outside and taken my tripod, the camera, and we found this beautiful little wall. We did a little primer for this video, specifically for what the distribution is for rolling two six-sided die-art, right? So we took these two dice and we went outside and we plotted off the distribution graph for what the probability is for rolling these two sets of dice. And we're going to specifically use that for to learn the game of craps and to learn how to shoot dice. Now one thing I didn't mention in that video is basically what, the way I learned how it became instinct to me, what the probability of rolling dice was. And it wasn't from craps, it was from playing backgammon. And one thing that we do need to do to learn how to play, how to shoot dice, how to play back, how to play craps is we're going to need a data set, right? Because that's one thing we do with math. One of the most powerful tools that we have that mathematics offers us is when we collect the large data set, then we can look at you know, see how that that whatever it is, how it functions, right? So when you go outside and collect a whole bunch of data what we can do is analyze that data and that data gives us information about whatever system that we're we're trying to learn, right? And we need that data set to be able to learn how to play craps and to learn how to shoot dice, right? Now for me the game that I learned what the probability distribution, how dice behave, was not craps. It was when I learned how to play backgammon. And I really can't remember when it was that I learned how to play backgammon. I just since I was a kid, they just played backgammon. I think it was probably the first game I ever learned how to play that and Jin Rummy. And we'll talk about Jin Rummy and the probability of cards and poker and stuff later on. What we're going to do start off with dice. And to be able to collect that data. So we need that data set to be able to to learn how to play craps, to learn how to shoot dice. What I ended up doing was filming my grandmother and me playing backgammon. And I put together six videos and they're basically six rounds that we play. And the way that me and my grandma play backgammon is usually play whoever gets to five first, right? So it's best out of nine and there's a few rules that we have and I checked up the information online. There's some some rules that some people play with that we don't play with and we have some some rules that we introduce that they're you know, I didn't find really online. So we're we're pretty hardcore about our backgammon. For those who know how to play backgammon, one of the things that we do is we can't hit and run inside your home base. And that's that's a huge huge game changer if you're you know, if you do if you do not have play backgammon and you're gonna watch these games that we're gonna play you'll notice you know things happening and if you're you know, you're familiar with backgammon I think you will pick up on those rules. Okay, so just a heads up these six videos that we've loaded up is going to be me and my grandma playing backgammon and it's basically for us to appreciate what the game backgammon is for me to preserve a little history, I guess I haven't done this and this was a great opportunity to video my grandma and me playing backgammon and I can't tell you how many games we've played I've been playing backgammon since I don't know. I don't have recorded memory of learning it. I just knew how to play it because we would you know Since we're kids we used to watch the elders play right? And that's a brilliant game and if you ever you know, if you want to learn You know simple multiplication addition basic probability Learn how to play backgammon or teach your kids how to play backgammon. It's an amazing learning tool. Okay, so What we've ended up doing is shooting Six games of backgammon and what we're going to do later on is I'm going to collect that data later on and throw in the table and you know Take a look at that data plot that data and see what we can do with that data and see if it fits the probability distribution that we You know did the introduction the primer for this for for the series on probability If see if it fits that distribution that we talked about that we drew right What I'd like to do right now is is Show you my grandmother's backgammon board because if you're If you play it backgammon, I think you'll appreciate this board and I'm going to tell you its history a little bit and give you a close-up view of what the backgammon board looks like and It's a beautiful board and it's my favorite board to play on okay now this is a case Sort of a red velvet case that my grandmother So to hold Hold the backgammon board, right? And it's a beautiful little case. She did this a few years ago and and as you can tell it's soft, it's It's nice to play with right. It's nice to just to grab it Feels good me pick it up and bring it over and the games about to begin right and this backgammon board is a Backgammon board that my great-grandmother bought in the 19 and mid in the mid 1950s for what I've been told in a bazaar in Tehran Iran and she gave it as a gift to my grandfather and my grandmother and They've had it since now right now. We're in 2014 so they've had it for a good Well, we can do the mathematics right good 60 years, right? So this backgammon board that's inside here Is much older than I am or older than I am anyway, and it's a beautiful board and it's It's treasure So the way we I usually or we usually take the board out We just you know put the thing on a table and you just slide off right Slide off the The container for it Right, let me show it to you It's handmade with I'm not sure what type of wood it is Beautiful and all these square pieces here These are individual pieces put together right and when you move the thing Right beautiful board. I'm not sure what type of wood. This is now on this side This thing, you know, it's got some wear and tear obviously I don't know how many games we've played on this is people would have been in thousands 10 of thousands I have no idea 60 years of playing backgammon within the family right now on this side. It's It's got some wear and tear but it's intact on the other side, unfortunately We have one two three squares missing and a little bit of chipped on this one Okay, and from what I've been told and some of these things are they're tight on there but they're not, you know flush to the board and What I've been told is one of my great-grandmother bought this They were at the time they were living at a place where it was a little bit of humid So the wood got a little bit of humidity damage, I guess But And the pieces in there They're all the original pieces, right? They're loose, right? Let me open it up You can open it up and here it is and this paper here is Us keeping track me and my grandma keeping track and my cousins have some notes in here as well The whole family plays backgammon based of their large part of family plays backgammon, and that's us keeping you know Keeping tabs on what's going on, right? One side is This one is me and my grandma one side is my score the other side is my grandma's score and What how many games we play? And we've got a set for a few years. Unfortunately, we threw away a lot of this, right? And this is what the board looks like Beautiful board. This piece is loose. It's one of the end pieces, right? That goes here and we place our pieces on the board and you'll see Through the six games, you know the angle of the camera shooting from the top so you can see what we're doing The pieces are because we haven't varnished this at all. This hasn't been touched. This is the original board You know, we haven't pampered to it, but the pieces are Fairly similar in color. One is white Wonder if you can see this one is this one is white. We call it the white piece and this is the black piece, right? So on camera it, you know, it might not appear the colors might be You know Not that distinguishable But when we're playing them, they're not bad and you'll see hopefully the laying is good enough that you You know, you can distinguish the pieces and on the back of these they used to have velvet So they wouldn't go bang on the table, right? but the well valve was worn off and we tore off some of it because you know there's something about The sound of playing back. Yeah, man, it's brilliant very hypnotic very meditative And some of these pieces, you know, they got a little mix out of them not too many of them though. Most of them are really Beautifully intact, you know, there's maybe three or four pieces that are not intact And there's 15 You know, this is five so there's 15 of the white pieces and 15 of the black pieces and You know, we set up the game and you'll see how it's set up and how we do play it Okay It's a beautiful part. Those are all the pieces everything just sits there loose and There's a little history. I like to tell you about the dice as well From what I understand that these are much smaller than what we did Distribution for the when we did the mathematics Learn how what the probability distribution was for rolling to six-sided die. All right, so these guys are a lot smaller From what I know These I don't believe they were the original dice that came with the board the original dice that came with the board They were bigger than this but We sort of appreciate the little dice because they spin a lot more you can hit him against Hit him hit him against the board and watch them spin and the sound they make is just fantastic And for what I understand these dice were bought after After the board so they weren't the original dice that came with the board and They used to have sharp corners. I'm not sure if you can see this these things have Filed down corners so they're not fair die and what fair die means is basically they haven't been tampered with the probability they're weighted in a way where the probability of rolling is Is the same for each number, right? And it's very difficult to create 100% fair die most die are fair. I mean The the difference between the probability of rolling one or the other is is not that much hopefully what the data would collect Through these six sets of six matches that me and my grandma played we'll find out how fair these die are, right? Who knows maybe the probability graph graphs is skewed in one direction or the other or you know It might it might have peaks on it. We'll find that out, right? but most die are fair and The fairest die that you'll ever come across is the red dice usually red that you see On the craps tables in casinos. Those are those are made to perfection and they rotate those die I'm not sure after how many after so many roles The the lifespan of those die are gone because they don't want the dice to be skewed in any way because all you need to do is Kick to your probability just tilt the probability in one direction just a little bit and That gives you a lot of advantage over the people who are on the other side of the normal on the other side of The axis of symmetry, right? so what you want to do is make sure your Distribution for die is perfectly symmetrical and if you tamper with dice you throw off that cemetery and what we're gonna Do we will find out if this these die are fair and these die used to have Sharp edges, but The story is that my grandfather Was losing a lot of games to my grandma and she was getting a lot of doubles so he He decided to file down the die to make sure that my grandma wasn't cheating by Setting the dice and rolling doubles So he filed down the die and all of the die have little Rounded edges and they're not perfect, but they're not bad So as long as the same two people are rolling with the same to die, right? If this these die are not fair if the distribution is skewed then you both have the same probability of getting the same it having the same advantage, right and when we do an analysis on On data, we're gonna collect and it's gonna take a long time to do this, right? But we will do the analysis to find out You know if if my distribution the way I rolled die is the same as my grandmother's distribution and the way she rolls dice to see What my probability distribution is like compared to what my grandmother's probably distribution is like compared to what The actual probability distribution should be like for rolling two sets of die, right? Just to give you an idea of what we can do with a large data set once we collect it and the power of mathematics the power of property the power of probability and statistics, right and And that's about it. This is this is a dive we play with that you're gonna. I don't know how many hours Each game takes anywhere each set takes anywhere between half an hour to an hour to play and there's six sets Six matches that we played actually it could be shorter. I think one of all my grandma, you know beat me really fast so that one went really quick, right and You know, we'll collect the data At some point and what we will be doing is or what I will be doing is editing those videos and putting those up on YouTube and Putting those up online so you can take a look at how the game of backgammon is played or how we play it and You can collect the data yourself Because this is Creative Commons if you if you want to collect the data and play around with it be my guest Tabulate the data and if you do tabulate data send in my way because I haven't thrown in a spreadsheet yet as of end of May 2014 hopefully by you know end of 2015 to that beginning of 2016 we'll get into this and Tabulate data and start taking a look at some probability, right? And that's about it and this is The board again, and this is what we're gonna play on and this is what you're gonna see For the backgammon games, okay, and there is a video out there talking about what the probability distribution is for rolling to die and Little introduction to tell you, you know some of the rules probably of that me and my grandmother Adhere to that we play with when we do play crabs And some of the intricacies of what we do because we do have money on the table on on the line as well, okay That's it for now. I guess I'll see you guys in the next video. Bye. Bye