 Good afternoon, I'm very pleased to welcome you for this Institute for International and European Affairs webinar, which is part of the development of matters lecture series supported by Irish aid. We are delighted to be joined today by Hindu Abraham, who's been generous indeed to share her thoughts with us for the next few minutes. She'd speak to us about 20 minutes or so and then we go to a Q&A with our audience. You'll be able to join the discussion using the Q&A function, which you should see the lower part of your screen there. I'd encourage you to feed in questions throughout the session as they occur to you and we'll come to those questions then once Hindu has finished her presentation. A reminder that today the presentation and the Q&A are both on the record. You should also feel free to join the discussion on Twitter using the handle at IEA. A further medium we're live streaming this afternoon's discussion so to all of you tuning in via YouTube. Hindu Umaru Ibrahim is a Chalian environmentalist and geographer, an expert in Indigenous peoples adaptation to climate change. As an Indigenous woman from the Ambororo and Pasirulist people in Chad, Ibrahim founded the Association of Indigenous Women and Pasirulist People in Chad. She worked on a 2D and 3D participatory mapping initiative in Chad's Sahel region. In 2019, she became one of 17 people to be appointed as an advocate of sustainable development goals by the United Nations Secretary General. She's coordinator of the Association of Indigenous Women and Peoples of Chad and she has served as co-director of the Pavilion of World Indigenous Peoples Initiative at COP21, COP22, COP23 and COP27. And she now co-chairs the International Indigenous Peoples Forum on Climate Change. Before we hear from Niseb Ibrahim, I'd like to hand the floor to Sinead Walsh who is climate director at Irish Aid to deliver some opening remarks. Over to you Sinead please. Thanks so much Owen and it's great to be here today to introduce this wonderful keynote speaker, Hindu Ibrahim, who I've certainly been following and coming across in all those four that you mentioned. As you said Owen, I'm the climate director at the Department of Foreign Affairs. We support this series. We think it's a really important set of conversations. And I think today is a really good example of that. Not just a conversation about climate, which we all know is critical, but precisely inclusive and just climate action and environmental protection and also other themes as well that I know Hindu will come across. We're at slightly, you know, I suppose at the end of a week where we had the hottest day ever last Monday. And I think, you know, everybody watching this will I think be quite worried about the kind of statistics that are coming out on climate change at the moment. But I suppose what I would stress and I think what relates to our work, our discussion today is that the climate change conversation is not and should not be just about science and whether we have to focus on the people that are affected by all of this and indeed the people who can work collectively together to actually make a change. And I suppose from Ireland's point of view, when we work on on climate diplomacy, internationally, we really are very focused on on how can we help the kind of communities that Hindu will talk to us about today, communities that are often very vulnerable to climate change. Despite not having caused it and who have a lot of wisdom to provide. So, for example, at COP 27 Ireland was very involved in the loss and damage discussion and I'm currently sitting on that transitional committee that was established to operationalize the fund and funding arrangements for loss and damage. And our key priority as Ireland is precisely this point about where this funding who this funding will target and trying to make sure it is those those most most vulnerable communities, but I think we need to be careful as well that that you know we focus on, you know, the enormous benefit that we can get, particularly from indigenous communities and all that they can, you know, teach us about how we should be working, taking care of nature and by extension, taking care of each other. And so, you know, just to finish on our side our climate diplomacy but also our climate finance is very much focused on on reaching those communities, we are happily in the process of doubling our climate finance by 2025. And again, with that focus of locally led adaptation of gender responsive activities and reaching those communities and particularly in these developed countries and small island developing, developing states but actually one exception to that that I just wanted to mention was a lot of work that we're doing in the Amazon with indigenous communities we've got about a million euros invested in in local organizations there that are on the one hand. And I'm sure you know them very well. Hindu Institute of socio ambiental and full no casa. And these are our organizations that are both fighting against the forestation environmental degradation, but also, you know, trying to expand their role in governing and sustainably managing their their territories so it was work that we're very proud of but we're very much, I suppose, kind of conscious of how much we need to learn from experts and Hindu Abraham is definitely such expert and I think is very well known within within the climate sector certainly for her insights for her expertise and just really looking forward. Hindu to hearing from you and thanks for thanks for giving us the time today and the floor is yours. Thanks very much. Thank you. Thank you so much. And thank you all and thank you all the institutes for the invitation is really a great pleasure being with all of you there. And I'm so happy to hear that you are sitting at the committee of the laws and dynamic transitions and that will give me more chance also to chair it with other indigenous communities around the world because it is important. So for the discussion today I wanted to share a little bit about me and what we are doing and what from indigenous peoples can aspire the world's communities. So as in the presentations that say it already by Owen, I am coming from a nomadic communities pastoralists. We are a cattle held this with the cow that produce milk and meat, who is the best of our economy, but those cows are also one way of copting all the resilience and adaptation and land restoration around the fragile ecosystem of the Sahel. So for us being pastoralists it's following the rainfall. So the rain is the most important in our life and where there is rain so there will be a pasture. So we are moving following the rhythm of the season in order to protect the ecosystem and also to protect ourselves. So our unique culture and relationship based on the environment that we are aspiring from the way of living of our peoples. So in the all the Sahel regions with climate change impact, it is the most vulnerable one and you all maybe read it or maybe listen it from the expert group of the climate change the IPCC, you are the most vulnerable the most impacted. But yet, my communities, who is still living, depending from the environment from the rain, feel the most the impact of this climate change, because we do not have like the supermarket where we can go and buy our food, but we have it only when the rain come. And we cannot protest in the street because we cannot protest over the rain or over lack of the rain. So we can only be rely from what nature is giving us. And that put us in a very critical situations with the climate change impact and of course with the loss of the biodiversity when the climate change impact is coming. So the most impact coming from the temperatures as we hear from CNN said like the world recorded the most high temperature on the last Monday. So for me it's like okay how the calculation come because I'm around Paris those days, and then the higher temperature is like 30 degree. So in chat, when during the summer with the climate change, we can go over 5050 degrees Celsius and 50 it's a lot because that's what make the water evaporate that what create all the incense around the ecosystem because they get all dried. And even you can feel the heat in your body and that impact the rain immediately and in the rain is change the seasons. So last year we get like a very heavy rain season that ended up with the flood around chat. In Nigeria, many people died in those floods, because we do not get prepared from the flood just coming out two months after the rainy seasons. And at the same time we have 1000 of people who become homeless, because they lost their home overnight when the floods come around all the places and it is case also in my own family where my brother was he sleeping he wake up in the morning and his feet was underwater. By the end of the day the water was like one meters above. So just so you have to save yourself, but you cannot think about the rest of the stuff. So that end up also with a social impact of the climate change. So the social impact. It's on two way. Firstly is in our economy on the rural area where people lose all their economy they lose their cattle they lose the agriculture and they have to migrate. Either they migrate to the big cities, or they migrate to another cities of Africa I'm not talking about the international migration that is very sad for the host country, but it is more sad for the countries inside where we have like internal migration within the regions, because people are losing all their economy they are losing all their life and livelihood. And the second one is the conflict. The conflict between the communities that are fighting to get access to the remaining resources. When you look at last month there was a big conflict around south of Chad, where there was also a tense of tense of peoples that day, because there was a pastoralist and the farmers who was fighting because of the natural resources accesses. It is the same just the two weeks ago around the chat. That community are fighting among themselves because of lack of the resources of this year. Then they kill like a lot of cattle's and then the social dynamic is start changing, even the people's who used to live in harmony for long, now they turn it into the enemy and fighting each other. At the top of this conflict you have like a terrorist conflict where you get Boko Haram around all the regions who is getting the opportunity of the poor people, poor regions, and then recruiting and getting more and more handicapped around this exact area, as well as around all the Sahara regions. When you talk about Mali Burkina Faso, where every single day there is also attack. So the damage on the adaptations and mitigations for us. It's also the damage and loss and damage, because we are losing not only our way of living but we are losing our culture, our identity, the place that we are living. When we talk about the loss and damage at the international level, for us in my community and many peoples in the Sahel, we are living it for the true. So all those impacts have another impact directly on the food security of the communities. Because when there is not enough rent or there is a lot of rents, it's impact the pastures and the cattle that we rely on it, who produce the milk, who used to produce morning and afternoon, the produce now during the dry season, only one every two days. And during the rainy seasons, one every single day. And that's impact our food security. And it's make peoples more weak. And then we have to cope with the new coming food in our peoples. And it's ending up with a lot of sickness. People getting diabetics that we do not use to have in my communities. And even cancer. And all those come just like this last decade. We never know that there are another sickness in the communities without seeing the real climate impact that impacting our food, changing our way of living in our system. And to link it with the international level, it is the same as you all know. Indigenous peoples around the world, we are representing 5% of the world's populations. And this is also our forces. We are protecting 80% of the world's biodiversity. We are protecting one quota of the land in the earth. So that means even we are living in Chad, this drama on the climate change impact. We do have our traditional knowledge that we are helping to protect this nature. At the same time, my brothers and sisters in Amazon or in Congo basin or in Himalaya or even in the Arctic where there is glaciers, we are protecting our ecosystem that we live in depending on need. We protect our tropical forest by our traditional knowledge because we know which species of the nature can help to maintain the ecosystem of the tropical forest. We protect the coral reefs around all the Caribbean's and Pacific's because the indigenous peoples there, they know which places that can help them to get more fish and to protect them from the hurricane. And even a grandma can know after the hurricane where she can get a fresh water to feed her families. And even in the Arctic, it is the same where we know that like the ranges can move from one place to another one during a very heavy snow and then follow it by the heat. And then the ranges have to dig to get the pastures down. It is the same in Africa and in Savannah, as I said, in my communities. So our unique traditional knowledge and wisdom are so crucial to protect all the humanity from the climate change impact and biodiversity loss. But yet we are not in the center of the decision making. They are taking us as victim and all the response to what we are experiences as our humanitarian response. And that cannot solve the problem. Humanitarian response is just like a very short response of a crisis. What we need is how indigenous peoples can take all the decisions together with the politicians to change the policies who can be adopt to all what we need to take the decisions with the financial partners to be also as partners, not as beneficiaries. We refuse to be beneficiaries because we are bringing a lot from our knowledge, from our wisdom to the table. So we are not beneficiaries. We are partners, financial partners and ecological partners. So through all that, we should play our role full and effectively. And let me share with you a couple of examples on how we are playing our role to help. So we can help to protect the crucial ecosystem and give advice to the protections of the nature as a first rep onto the climate change. Because if you do not protect the nature, you can end the fossil fuel today. You can end everything, stop it today, but we will be going to more than 1.5 degrees. So nature play a big role in the climate fight. And the best one who can protect the nature are the indigenous peoples as we are protecting the 80% of the world as biodiversity. Second, we can use our wisdom, our traditional knowledge concretely. And as I used to say for us, living with our nature, it's help us to learn from this nature. My parents, my grandparents, they just don't know how to read from a birth migration, cloud position, from the lift of the trees, from the flowers of the trees to predict the weather. And the way that they are predicting the weather, help us to better build our resilience and move from one place to another one. And those traditional knowledge around all the world are very, very important for our life and the life of the rest of this piece around the nature. And then the third one is like how we can use the science knowledge, traditional knowledge and technology to build a better tools for the community to better adapt to the climate change impact. So I do a 2D or 3D participatory mapping. So the 2D participatory mapping, I use the satellite images. The 3D, I use the geographical informations from the baseline. And that helped me to go back to the communities, put all the science knowledge, for example, the 2D participatory mapping. I am working to digitalize a map of 3,500 kilometers square around Lechat. I went to the communities with this map. We put all the knowledge from the forest that are protecting us to give us food, the forest that are sacred, we do not touch, we do not cut, from the forest that are giving us the traditional medicine. We are mapping all the different spaces of the water, the wetland, the well, et cetera. We map all the islands, all the movement of the cutters, the movement of the peoples. And that helped us to build a big data for the community to help them mitigate the conflict of resources, to help them manage the natural resources that are shrinking and to have a dialogue in order to better have a plan for the resilience and adaptation that build it by them. So combining all those knowledge from indigenous peoples can help us to solve a lot of problems of climate change. For example, by putting all the carbon steam, and that can help us to reduce the emission by having the most adapted strategies and knowledge on agriculture to have mitigation of the food security and poverty. And it can help us also to reach the sustainable development goals, like access to the water, access to the land, et cetera. So those traditional knowledge of indigenous peoples cannot be happened without a partnership of everyone. We need the partnership with government, with institutes like who are doing all the research, designing the policies for the government, like yours one here. And I love the title, Charing Ideas and Chipping Policies. So we need to partners to share the ideas, to reform and chip all the policies in order to implement a better decisions. And we also need to see the indigenous peoples as warriors. We are the warriors. We are the one who are protecting the earth. We are not the past. We are the features. So we do not ask the peoples to come back, live in my nomadic way, but we ask the peoples to cope from our wisdom, from our way of living, to live in harmony with the species. Most of the developed world, I'm always get like very amused when I go to the supermarket. Everything have an aspirational debt, even the water. So it is not a sustainable way of living if it's based on the consumptions. Every single day have to get aspirational debt because you need to buy more, consume more. And the one you didn't consume, you have to throw it. So the resources are not coming from the sky. The resources are in the nature. So coped from what indigenous peoples are doing to cooperate with ecosystem, to live in harmony with the nature, to understand the importance of the ecosystem for our breezing clean air, for our eating and for our drinking water. So because of being inspired by indigenous peoples vision, it is a way for business also and the local authority to deliver a very good expectation from peoples to have a better life. Health of the peoples, good food, clean energy, clean water. So all those business must inspire also from indigenous peoples way of using the ecosystem, way of logging, way of using all the natural resources. So that's all what I wanted to share with you. By doing that, I think we all need to listen to each other to put indigenous peoples in the center and putting us in the decision making tables and sharing all the financial resources to direct access finance for the indigenous peoples. To do not think that one model of the finance that designed by Western can be helpful for all the rest of the world. If it was helpful, we're not going to be here and discuss about climate change. So there is need of the reform of the finance. Listening from the indigenous peoples, giving the direct access finance from what we want, how we are going to manage it and building the trust among all of us to end all those crises on climate change with all the rest of the crisis around the world. And I thank you so much for listening to me and then I will be very happy to take any discussion with you for that. Thank you. Over to you, Owen. Hindo, thank you very much indeed for a powerful presentation. I mean, it seemed to me that you made a really unanswerable case. The kind of the message about the indigenous people think for perhaps around five percent of the global population but having a far higher impact on protecting nature and biodiversity and climate change impacts. I also thought it was it was really powerful the way you put that. So many, perhaps in this part of the world, with with think of of people as beneficiaries of humanitarian programs. And that's not that's not the identity that you want to to recognize the role of indigenous people as partners in in actions to protect nature. Using, for instance, you talked about the traditional knowledge to to build resilience to to use scientific knowledge. And you gave your own example of the mapping the surroundings of Lake Lake Chad. Search and shaping the the necessary programs and I I believe you you did were referred to financing and I wonder if we could start off by exploring that area. And the summit for new global financial pact took place was in in Paris, I think. And that was aiming to to build a new consensus for and a more inclusive international financial system to to fight inequalities and finance the climate transition and bring us closer to achieving the sustainable development goals and what's what sort of impacts? How how successful was that meeting? And what sort of impacts could this have for indigenous people? Right, so it was last week. They knew part for finance that is held in Paris and now hosted by co-hosted actually by President Macron and then Premier Minister of Barbuda's Mia. It have been interesting to see how like Barbuda's as developing world is small islands and hosted with France in the as developed world around all this finance. So one of the remark that I saw. It was only one representative of the civil society attended one of the panels because they have the opening and closing and then they had six round tables. All the rounds tables have been presidential's with only the financial institutions. They forget that the people who are representing the the the the rest of the populations who are representing by the civil society must have something to say around finance. When we talk about the finance, it is not only the head of state or the financial institution who should talk, but also the representative of the civil society must be spoken there because there is no resources of finance without the people's and all the financial resources cannot be decided by those who are also using it badly. So that was a big interrogation from myself to see are the word enough understanding the crisis where we are on it now. When we talk about inflation, we are talking about a poor woman somewhere or a poor young person somewhere who is going to the supermarket and seeing that the food prices are increasing. Or in my community, someone who is going once every week to the market who are seeing that the prices is increasing. It is not the president who is sitting in his office and waiting for the cookers who will bring him food. It is not the World Bank president or the IMF chair who are sitting in their desk and having a bodyguard who are thinking about this inflation or getting impacted by the inflation. So that's why like the firstly, the role of the civil society lacking in that conference. But that said, during the conclusions of the meeting, there was an honest discussion between the love and developing world. There was a demand of the world need to open their eyes, especially the G 20 to do not just to meet G 20 in the side of the future of the world. Where is the place of Africa who have 54 countries who are meeting there? So how the African can take part in the G 20 negotiation or discussions to also make saying something and that we will be taking into consideration. That was requested by the African countries. And then the second was about the debt release. So there was a lot of debt around Africa, Asia and Latin America, but mostly in African countries. There is debt from developed world, but there is debt also from emerging countries to the developing countries. So they do not think about there is ecological debt who make them reach. So all the countries from this south requested the cancellation of the debt. Over the natural resources in climate change that we are getting impacted to. And then the thirdly was how the financial situation can get reform. There is need of reform of all the financial institutions that have been created after the first world war. And that was only by developed world who decided how they can chip the world's economy and then created in institutions, putting all their money and see how they can lend it money to the developed world. But the world change a lot. There is emerging country. There is developing country. There is climate change. So how the financial institutions can change and be built better with all the rest of the humanity. So that was interesting to see in that conference. And one thing that lacking from what I and what I saw also, it is where is the direct access finance to the communities who are protecting 80 percent of the world's biodiversity? Are they in the tables? Are they getting the finance to continuously protect the environment? Are they getting recompensated because their home are burning or their home are flooding or they are losing their island, losing their life? Did they think about how they can recompensate which kind of finance that they put there? So that was many of the questions I ended up from that conference. And I hope that by the COP 28, it will be some of the result. But anyway, we are watching them and we will be continuously requesting them to change the way of finance. crucial issue and there's a question from Leon Digny, who is a researcher at at the UN researcher at the IEA, which changes focus a little bit towards the more the litigations side. She she says that in recent years, Indigenous people have been instituting legal battles to challenge governments and the private sector regarding climate change action or the lack of climate change indeed. There's been some limited success in the legal cases, mostly decided on the grounds of constitutional, fundamental human rights law. But she highlights in September last year, UN Human Rights Committee upheld a joint complaint filed by Indigenous people in Australia's Torres Strait and found that Australia's failure to adequately protect against climate related impact violated the Torres Strait Islander's rights under the ICCPR. How hopeful would you be that this decision marks a change? Do you think the climate litigation will have more effective outcomes for Indigenous communities in the future? Hindu. I think the world is waking up and we got many now in legal peoples from lawyers who wanted to support Indigenous peoples and who are creating actually a platform for Indigenous peoples to to just talk to them, to advise them legally and to protect the Indigenous peoples and to take the case. So this is really like different than the past years. We got the support from the non-Indigenous but who are professional in their work that are supporting Indigenous peoples. It is the case of Australia, yes, but it is also the case in Tanzania, in Kenya, around the Ogea Kalaan. It is the case in Latin America. So all those Indigenous peoples around the world are making a case to hold the government or companies accountable for their inactions on climate change or the lack of protection of the right of Indigenous peoples. Maybe some of them we can win them like the Ogea case in Kenya. We win that and then there is recognitions of the Ogea Kalaan to be giving back. But there is a big challenge of the implementation of the decision because the decision also needs to be implemented by the government. And as government lost the case, they are not like moving fast to implement this decision to give back the Ogea people their land. It is the same case in Tanzania also where they move the Indigenous communities there to make it like a protected area for tourism. So the Indigenous peoples are still fighting because it is the land, it is the place where they are grazing, where they have their cattle. And the excuse of the government of Tanzania is like not the Masai or the Indigenous peoples there was not there like 100 years ago. So it is not like an excuse completely. So there is still like lack of the action and when we come back to the case of the Australia, so Australia have more of the advance because there was many Indigenous peoples who also went to school there who have also the degree who are also some of them may become a lawyers. So I have more hope in that case to become an example for the worldwide Indigenous peoples to see it can work. So it's my take maybe some time, but I have more faith in this act in Australia and there is also the human rights organizations in Geneva who are supporting the Australian Indigenous peoples. We have also a recommendation made by the UN Permanent Forum on Indigenous issues in last April in New York for that case. So that will be very helpful. I think to use all the international case to make it at the national level and to follow with the government to respect it. Very interesting. Thank you very much for that. There's a question from Philip Wendey, who's assistant head of academic affairs at the Technological University in Dublin. And it has some echoes with some issues in Ireland as well, I have to say. He suggests that pastoralists as Indigenous communities will continue to face the sharp end of the effect of climate change as, of course, 100 percent of the life support systems, as you very clearly illustrated early in your remarks, is seasonal, the rains are crucial. And he suggests that the precariousness is exacerbated by typically high cattle stocking rates, high population growth, inadequate food security, with the preservation technique available and decline in biodiversity. Some, he wonders if some of the key impact mitigation drivers could be among the pastoralists themselves. Are there any attempt, any initiatives attempted in, for instance, in controlling stocking rates in the very sensitive environments that you've been talking about? So firstly, there is two types of cattle herders. There is the Indigenous nomadic pastoralist cattle herders, and there is the new cattle herders that we are calling. So the difference is the Indigenous one, who doesn't matter how many cattle that you have, the way of living is more sustainable, because the cattle are not stocking in one place. What create the greenhouse gases from the cattle when they are stocking in one place and then they have all the dunk and then they don't create all the gas that can go to the atmosphere. But no, it is the opposite from the nomadic Indigenous people's cattle herders. So we stay like two days in one place, three days in another one, and like maximum seven days in one place. And even when we say one place, it is just the camp of the communities. And then the cattle go grazing around all the places the entire time. And that helped the cow dunk to be spread around all the land that we are moving. And it's helped to fertile the land. So when you pass with all the cow dunk around places, it's pleading. When it's dry heat, so then everything dried, when the rainy season comes. So then the rain take all the nitrogen substance inside the soil. And you come back, you will see around all those places, the pastures and the plant are more well greener than the other places. So that how we are helping to capture in the carbon in the soil. So it is a driver of mitigation and also of adaptations of the land. So this is the most one who is creating a carbon neutral zero net, milk and meat, because the way of living, it's helping to restore the nature, to mitigate the ecosystem and to create a more sustainable life for all the rest of the species. When you have the plant, you have the insect. When you have the insect, you have the birds who can come and take them. When you have the birds, you have the all the ecosystem balance, it's keeping. This is the most important we are keeping and we wanted to keep and have the help of everyone to keep it. The second one is the new way of helping the cutters. So those are coming from the rich peoples who can be a from the military, general, colonel or whatever, who can come from the mini stars or director or whatever. They buy a piece of land, they buy a cuttles, they have hundred or thousand of them. They put them for the prestige and then they buy the food for those cuttles. They can go grass during the rainy season, but during the dry season, they are stuck in one place. And then they have to use the other land, land who can create food for the peoples to cultivate a food for those cuttles. And while the cuttles are stuck in one place, so they are not mobile to help the land to get fertile, they are not used to give the space to the other peoples to do the farm for the food because they are eating the food for the cuttles. And then the productions is can create the greenhouse gases. So I wanted you to make the two difference of those different healthists. And then yet the indigenous pastoralists, we do have our own strategy and our strategy is keeping moving, protecting the land. And it is the government who can open the corridors, the stopping place to limit it, the farmer's areas and then the pastoralist area. So the examples that I'm doing on it is on the mapping that I create. So when I do the participatory mapping, we open the corridors of movement. So we map all that, we map the stopping place. And then we ask all the communities to come together and then how they can respect those corridors of movement, those stopping place and how after the harvesting, then the cattle can go over some farm to help them to get fertile. So those strategy that we are using for now and they are really working well to keep peace between communities, to restore the ecosystem and to help the government to understand the land management by the indigenous pastoralist communities. Thank you. I was struck by the way you talked about how conflict has emerged in some of these areas and the Boko Haram impact, but also to what extent is food insecurity food insecurity driven by some of the changes in rainfall that you talked about, driving strife and conflict as well. Your mapping is helping address. So climate change is also apart from the Boko Haram impact any issue. Is that is that true? Yes, right. So, you know, when you look at all the map of the region where there are Boko Haram, they are the most poor regions between Chad, Cameroon, Niger and Nigeria. It is all around like Chad. It is the place where there is very difficult to access to control. And it is the place where the communities are most poor one because of the climate change impact. So the last mapping that I did around like Chad, the one I'm finalizing to digitalize the 3,500 kilometers, there is new islands that are coming up. The island that date only on three years old because the place used to be wet and after three years, so then the island come out and then this island is populated by the refugee from Nigeria, run it from Boko Haram. So just to give you the sense how they can use those species, the poverty of the peoples, how climate change is giving them more opportunity to take over the land and then to terrorize the peoples and peoples have to run from their own homeland. So of course it is accelerating the Boko Haram issues. And also at the same time, when you look at Burkina Faso around all the ISIS, the Islamic group that they are calling are terrorizing every single day the communities around the rural areas to kill them, to take demand, to keep them at their side. So it is the way to recruit. It is the way to terrorize, but it is the way also to steal from all the communities. It is very sad. So from the mapping that we did, one of the anecdotes that I have after we finalize the map, so we call the local authorities, the governor and then the chief of police, the chief of military, they all come. And then we have thousands of peoples, community presented all the map. And at the end, I get pulled aside by the chief of the police. He said like, you know what? If you when you finalize the map, we wanted to have a copy because that can help us to follow all the peoples who can steal cartels or steal things because this map is showing us all the land so we can navigate around. I'm like, oh, I hear you. And then I got pulled by the chief of the military. He said, like, you know what? If you finish the map, we wanted to have the copy because it can help us to follow all the Boko Haram peoples who can hide between the islands because then we know from the map we can know which will be the shortcut to go and then keep them. I'm like, yes, I hear you. But firstly, the map is done to help the communities to better manage and share the natural resources to mitigate the conflict between them, but not for you to have your own strategy. You must support the community first to be stable, to get the revenue and then they cannot be terrorized by those who can come and steal their land. So yes, the map can help to mitigate this conflict. And for your second question about the food and security and food security. So when you have the ren who come and float all the spaces so then it can float all the crabs, the crabs can hoots. When there is not enough ren and then there is pastures or there there is a crabs, then the crab will dry up. Both of the extreme weather events can end up with the food and security. And that's what's happening directly for our cattle's because I remember when I was young with my grandmother, we used to milk morning and evening. And then during the dry season, we milk every single day once, either we choose morning or we choose evening. But now during the dry season, community milk only once every two days. So the first day we milk for ourselves. The second day you have to leave the cows to give the milk for the veal for their own babies. Otherwise the babies will die because they cannot get enough milk. And that has the impact on our economy because we sell the milk to buy cereal and the rest of the nitrogen that we need. So we cannot get enough economy to buy or what we need. Or we cannot get enough milk also to drink for ourselves. So we have to cope with the new food. So the wild species or the cereal and most of the time you know the pasta now going to the community I'm shocked because we do not used to see a pasta. We always have millet that the only one that we know. And then people eat a lot of things that they do not know because they are cheap and is create a sickness. Now we have a very higher rate of diabetic people that we never had because we are nomadic people working around all the places working very hard. And then we get people's who get a cancer. For the beginning like the last five years for us it is like what is happening at the communities we do not know what is happening. And it's ended up even my own younger brothers died of cancer that we couldn't detect it earlier. The time that we detected it was already late. So that's what's happening exactly from the food insecurity leading to the health of the communities who are getting more and more impacted. Thank you very much. I'd like to to bring you know if you like to the wider picture but I've one final question if I can from Misha Kenny who's a climate researcher at the IEA and she she says how your mapping projects combine traditional indigenous knowledge with modern satellite technology to mitigate the negative impacts of climate change. Can you expand on what can be done to increase funding and the availability of technology for such projects? That's true. I mean this project is very interesting. You can see when I design it so I get the satellite images from the organization who have a satellite in the sky. So who is really like not in the level of my community or of what I'm doing. So it is like the unique war. And when I get the map from the satellite image I put it for the communities they look at like it's nothing. There is no data there. It's only like big lines. So then you need a technology. So you need a software to digitalize the map. You need an application to show also where are the different species in order to have the legend of the bigger species that you want like different crops and etc. And of course you need the communities and their knowledge. And it doesn't matter that they do not speak the same languages. They have the same language of the environment altogether. So to scale up this work and then the science and technology there is need of the partnership with the organization who get a satellite images who can give the images to the communities. The later image of three days or seven days maximum then communities can do the map. There is needs of the software who can facilitate to the organizations to give them all the information that they need. But there is need also of involvement of the scientific people and tech people who can do the digitalizations. Now I'm working with the technicians who are from DRC. Those are the one who are helping me to do the digitalizations because they do have the software. So I do the work with the community. I take all the images and then they help me to digitalize and I do work with an organization in Italy that are helping me to capture all what I need from the beginning. The data that I need and then I can approach the organization to get. But it's very hard to get the access of those technology and the science. I talked for example with Google because when you go to the open street map or you go to the Google Earth you open those regions. You do not see all the villages or all the places. And then what I propose it to them from my map I have all the data. So if we partnership they give me the information that I need. At the end they can have those information and to make all their website more rich and then people can access them. They say yes it is interesting but yet to today no one get back. So when I talked with them this seems like it is very interesting. And at the end of the day they just like think they have to do something important. They do not know what is important for us. What is important for us is how we can better manage the natural resources. How we can better share it. How we can mitigate the conflict. How we can know our environment. How we can keep the knowledge for the long term. And having the technology is keeping those knowledge for long term because our knowledge are oral as indigenous peoples. So there is need of course and I'm going to do like another map in Niger. I still wanted to do that. And then I still need the organization that can give me more data and more information to support me on what I'm doing. Technically financial yes but also technically in order to have all the data, all the human resources that I need to do it. And it is possible to scale it up in every places. And how we can pass those knowledge to in other communities to do the same. Adapt to their own realities in order to fight the climate change and to put the indigenous peoples knowledge in the center. Thank you. Thank you, Hindu. There's a question from Jill Donohue who is deputy director general of the IIEA who indeed like all of us I think thank you for your most interesting presentation. She asks about your expectations for the Sustainable Development Gold Summit in next September in New York, I think. How can the voices of indigenous people be included in COP 28 in a meaningful way and to ensure that partnerships emerge between institutions, governments and indigenous people? Yeah, thank you so much for that. So the summit in New York for the Sustainable Development Gold will be like is the first summit that we are organizing for too long for the SDGs. And it is about how we can shift all the SDGs, fasten the implementation of them because we already coming to the 2030 and then we are so far from the implementation of them. So what I'm expecting is how the two co-chairs, the Prime Minister Mia and then the Prime Minister Tridot can come together and put the indigenous peoples in the center. Indigenous peoples have six references on the SDGs. So how from those six references we can have our place into the summit to contribute around all the 17 goals? So I can say the most of 16 and then the partnership who is the 17 one. We wanted to partners with all those who are implementing at the local level, not only at the national level, national level, they must do the right policies, but we are the one who are implemented at the local level. For examples like in my community we are working to set up educations for indigenous girls and then for the indigenous communities who do not have access to the educations. It is one of the SDGs. As indigenous peoples collectively, we have a community that are working into the just the transitional energy, how the new minerals that are, that the communities in developed world are going to use to do like all the batteries for the new electric vehicle or new way of electricity, all those mineral are into the indigenous peoples land. How they can we can be there to be the guardian to just like take what they need not more to respect the indigenous peoples and to do the just transitional energy fear. So we have so many preparation as indigenous peoples. So my expectation is seeing Mia and Trido to involve indigenous peoples in that summit. The summit during UNGA is always very complicated because many head of state are coming there, but it is not an excuse. It is not a reason indigenous peoples must be there. They must be in the center of this summit. Secondly, for the COP 28 you said so as indigenous peoples we start to do some work with the COP 28 presidency. Firstly, for us there is no excuse to they have to face out fossil fuel as we are going to the country who built himself best on the oil. It is time that they stop all what they are digging and then they can take this money to invest into the adaptation, resilience and loss and damage. And secondly, we are working with them to see how we can create a mechanism for the direct access finance for indigenous peoples. The finance that can fund the loss and damage in our communities, the finance that can fund the adaptation and resilience measure in our communities and how the finance can go to our regions. And now we are going to have a pavilion at the COP 28 as indigenous peoples and we are requesting to have a high level dialogue with the COP presidency and the member state and we are requesting also to be in the presidential of the two days to do not be sitting aside. Then they talked about us and about our home, like forest or grasses, but we be in the tables to talk to them. So we are looking forward to all that, but facing out fossil fuel is really the most important and putting all the money for loss and damage that can give direct access finance is the second for the indigenous peoples. Thank you. You've covered a lot there with two two big meetings. A little question, which is probably our final question today. And that is what lessons can we learn from the role that indigenous women play in climate adaptation? Indigenous women, you said? Yes. Sure. So indigenous women are playing a big role. In climate change, if we do not put the woman in the center, we will not win the battles. It is as you have your football club team playing and you don't have a goalkeepers because the women are the goalkeepers. If you do have the women's, you can win the match. If you don't have the woman, you cannot win the match. It is the same. Indigenous women are the goalkeepers of all the climate solutions in our communities. The women do have a lot of details, knowledge, the knowledge around food, the knowledge around water, around medicinal plant, the knowledge about how they can keep all the environment healthy, the knowledge that they are translating and transferring to the next generation, to the girls and to the boys. So indigenous women play a big role of goalkeepers for the climate change solutions. And they are also the teachers. They are also a master. They are also a healer. So for us, we do not have like a checking box of make sure that indigenous women to be in the tables. So indigenous peoples in all our seven social cultural regions are present. So that's the particularity of indigenous peoples. In our constituency, we have always the women in the centers and youth in the center. We do not argue about putting a criteria in the meeting like let us have a woman or let us have a youth because it is automatic for us. Women and youth are part of our society. They are contributing a lot and they always giving a role that they are playing. It could be maybe in the shadow that we are pushing to put it in the light, but women play always a very important role. Thank you very much indeed. I think that's really powerful. For me, I thought the message that you offered us that the indigenous people have a wholly disproportionate role to play in climate change adaptation, mitigation and conservation of biodiversity. That came across very strongly, but I think underlying all your remarks was this crucial point that you don't want to be considered simply as beneficiaries of humanitarian programs. You want to be considered and you want to be active as partners in the activities and whole series of activities to try and bring us back onto the path that we need to be for the sustainability of our civilizations. So on behalf of Irish aid, I'm sure on behalf of the Institute for International European Affairs and on behalf of all the people who've joined this webinar today, I want to thank you sincerely, Hindu-Ibrahim. Thank you very much indeed. Thank you. Thank you so much. I really appreciate it.