 Yes sir. And you are from Gurgaon. Yes. Gurgaon is a very important city. Yes sir. With lot of select problems. Yes sir. Tell me one, two, three select problems of Gurgaon city. Sir, survey problems. Sir, recently I think the infrastructure problems are there. Sir, due to the rains, the rainy season we get a lot of clogging. Infrastructure is good. What is the problem with infrastructure in Gurgaon? Sir, the drainage system. Yes sir. But the drainage system particularly that is one of the problems. So secondly I think face management is an issue. We have a Bandwari landfill that is getting a lot of... So where that all money going? Because Gurgaon, municipality, corporation, they are earning a lot of money. Yes sir. They are being diverted to some other place. Sir, I think more efficient utilization of those funds should be done sir. So that money is actually... So waste management, it has been in plants for few years now but waste energy plant has still not been settled. Waste segregation is not there from the houses? Sir, it is actually there but the people who collected are not... They are not doing it actually. They are not doing it. Yes sir. They have to collect only. Waste segregation is due down by the house owners. Correct sir. Sir, we are supposed to put in different bins. So but when we see when they are actually loading it sir, they are doing it the same. Okay. What is this ethical hacking? I thought hacking is always in ethical. Sir, ethical hacking sir is when we are hacking a particular website but with the permission of the owner of that website. So that makes it ethical. It is a permission? Yes sir. Why he is allowing it to hack? So he is allowing it to hack because if someone is able to figure out the problems before end, so other person cannot exploit it actually. So they are actually allowing you to... They are saying it okay, come attack our website but tell us the problems and we will pay you for that. No, they are asking you to set it right. Yes sir, they are asking us to exploit it. Just like a hacker would do, just like a black hat hacker would do, he would try to attack it but in ethical hacking they will say attack it, do hack it. But tell us how did you do that? And make it right. Sir, making it right part they have to do it themselves. I don't know whether you call it hacking. I thought ethical hacking is when government is authorizing you to find out something. Yes sir, even government can do that sir. Even government can ask us, you can attack our website. Whatever the problems you figure out tell us and we will fix that. Okay. You know, you read General Musarraf. General Musarraf you heard about? Yes sir. Who was he? Sir, he was the Prime Minister of Pakistan. Prime Minister? He was Prime Minister of Pakistan, something else. Sir, President of Pakistan, sir I am not sure sir. And he is the architect of something big against India. Sir, I am sorry. Some war, Kargil war? Yes sir. Not hard. Sir, I have heard of Parkinfall but the details I am not sure sir. Okay. See, IPL games were there recently. Yes sir. Tell me who were the actors in IPL games? Who all were involved in organizing the games from the beginning till end? Just 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6. Sir, I am aware of just one actor who owns the Kolkata Nightingale. Not actor, not film actor I am telling you. Yes sir. Don't take an interview. Who were the participants? Who were the stakeholders? Okay. Sir, I am not aware of... BCCI, players, advertising agencies. Yes sir. That stadium. Correct sir. Players. Right sir. No? Yes sir. Okay. Finance Commission. Yes sir. Central Finance Commission, State Finance Commission. Correct sir. These are the under what provisions of constitution and what is the difference? So, Finance Commission is under Article 280. Sir, the main aim is to see the vertical devolution of funds from the Central Government to the State Government. So, State Finance Commission. What type of funds? Sir, it is the tax revenue and also it deals with the grants to the states. Sir, the revenue deficit grants we have. We have... Okay. The other one? Sir, the other one is under the set up under 73rd and 74th Constitutional Amendment Act. So, it is set up in the state for devolution of funds from the State Government to the local bodies like panchayats and the... Central Finance Commission, they don't make any recommendation about the local bodies? Sir, they do that. Sir, they also do that. Sir, they also provide grants for that. Okay. Air Quality Management in NCR. Yes sir. Is there any body, legal body for that? Yes sir. Recently the Central Government modified it. So, it is the Central Air Quality Management bodies. So, that is responsible for... Management Commission. Some commission is there. Yes sir. Yes sir. Okay. Very recently they have issued some orders about coal. Yes sir. Yes sir. A few days back only. So, they issued that the coal usage in the NCR will be banned from 2023 except for the thermal power plants. And thermal power plants also some type of coal is allowed. Sir, I am not sure about that sir. Okay. Mr. Spurs, what does Spurs mean? Sir, Spurs means touch. Touch. Yes sir. Can you name the sense organs? How many sense organs are there? So, there are 5 sense organs sir. So, that would be our eyes, nose, taste. So, then we have ears and then we have touch. Then we have? So, skin for touch. Okay. Yes sir. So, one of these. Spurs. Okay. Good. So, you are an aerospace engineer. Correct sir. Okay. So, once President Biden was talking to an aerospace engineer in the United States. And he said that Indian Americans have taken over United States. On what ground he might have said like that. The Indian Americans have taken over United States. Sir, I believe we meant that a lot of Indian diaspora is in United States. And they are doing very well in corporate sector. So, they have been appointed as CEOs of several companies. So, in order of priority, Indian Americans have taken over United States. You are right, whatever you have said, but prioritize. Who should come at one, number one, then two, then three. In order of priority, in order of importance of the work which they are handling, in order of the posts which they are handling. Sir, that would be, sir, I believe, sir. So, you believe or it's right. Sir, it's right, sir. Yeah. She's the vice president. Yes, sir. Indian American. What is her name? Sir, Kamla Harris. Then, why are you so reluctant in saying that starting from Kamla Harris, who is the vice president there? Correct. So, who else? Now you continue whatever you were saying. Right, sir. And name some. Yes, sir. So, we have the CEO of Microsoft, Satya Radheela. That's right. Sir, we have CEO of Twitter as well. Name him. Sir, I don't remember the name of... Who else? Sir, we have... Sir, I cannot remember the name of other... And aerospace engineer whom he was talking to. Aerospace engineer with whom he was talking to. Very famous aerospace engineer, Indian American. Swati Mohan. Who else? She was Swati Mohan whom he was talking to. What force she is responsible for? Aerospace engineer as in aerospace engineer. Sir, I'm not sure, can I make a guess for this? Sir, I think she was involved in the Persevence rover landing on Mars. Yeah, that's right. Yes, sir. So, who else? Indian American. Very big. Sir, Sundar Pichahi is the CEO. Yeah, Sundar Pichahi. Who else? And recently a CTO, Chief Technical Advisor has also been appointed in CIA. You know CIA and what is his name? Chief Technical Officer, CTO. Again Indian American. Say about a fortnight back, he has been appointed. For the first time. Right, sir. CTO in CIA, you know CIA? Yes, sir. What is that? Sir, it's a central investigation agency for US. Yeah. So, what is his name? Sir, I'm sorry, sir, I'm not aware. Okay, no problem. Now, related with mathematics. Yes, sir. Which is the smallest number which is divisible by all the digits 1 to 10? Smallest number which is divisible by all 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 with all the digits? So, that would be... Anyway, 2520 is divisible by all from 1 to 10. Right, sir. Okay, 2520. Correct, sir. Okay. Now, blockchain technology, first of all you will tell me what do you mean by blockchain technology and how can it help us in reducing the corruption and bring about transparency in the government delivery? Correct, sir. So, blockchain technology is basically a distributed ledger. It is a collection of blocks in which we record transactions and nowadays even a piece of code can be injected in those particular blocks as an Ethereum blockchain. So, they are basically... Blocks are verified by miners who are given a reward for particular verification of a block. And so, this blockchain technology can find application in various domains because, first of all, the entire ledger is public. So, anyone with the access to ledger can view the details of the ledger. Okay. Is transpiration... You know transpiration? Yes, sir. Is transpiration a necessary evil? You know transpiration? What is transpiration, by the way? So, transpiration... Sir, is it related to the forestry part, sir? Transpiration in plants. Transpiration in plants. Oh, forestry also is related with... Yes, sir. So transpiration... You know transpiration? Yes. First of all, you tell me what do you mean by transpiration and then you will tell me whether at all it is a necessary evil. Sir, so transpiration is when they are losing water vapor to the atmosphere. Plants are losing water vapor to the atmosphere. Releasing in the atmosphere, right? Yes, sir. That is the transpiration. Yes, sir. So during the process of photosynthesis... During the process of photosynthesis, they do transpiration, right? Sir, during the photosynthesis, they make the food and when they are consuming, it's that particular time when oxygen and water is being released. So transpiration is just an evaporation of water. Yes, sir. Water vapor from the leaves. Correct, sir. From lenticels. Correct, sir. Particularly from the leaves. Yes, sir. So my question is whether at all it is a necessary evil. You understand the meaning of necessary evil? Yes, sir. Then tell me. Sir, so water vapor are one of the major contributors to the greenhouse gases. So... No, greenhouse gases. Anyway, come to the greenhouse gases. Yes, sir. My question is whether at all greenhouse gases affect a necessary evil? Sir, it is necessary because it helps in maintaining the temperature of the... That's right. And what about enhanced greenhouse effect? Sir, that is when the concentration of these gases is much larger and the loss of heat from the earth is less compared to... Very right. So greenhouse effect and ozone depletion are the major causes of global warming. Yes, sir. Okay. Now you tell me what do you mean by good ozone and bad ozone? Sir, so ozone... Sir, at the stratospheric level it is good because it is filtering out the UV rays. So whereas in the troposphere at the low earth surface, they are harmful. Okay, ozone hole is getting enlarged or getting reduced? Sir, this is one of the things that we have managed to improve it. So that it is getting reduced. Okay, thank you. Thank you, sir. All right, Mr. Yadav. So after electronics, why did you go in for aerospace? Sir, aerospace... Sir, there were few things that I was always curious about. Sir, I was interested how rockets are guided to the orbit. So to basically understand that, sir, I chose for aerospace and my specialization in aerospace was guidance, navigation and control. So in which we have basically learned and experimented how rockets are guided to the orbit. And you did work in stages for one or two years? Yes, sir. So why you want to shift to forest? Because you are working in your core area and your core interest. Yes, sir. Sir, so there are few reasons why I want to go for forestry now. So firstly, sir, I believe that forestry and environment, sustainable management of environment will be central to the development. We cannot have development unless we have sustainable, we manage our environment properly. So secondly, sir, I came across this excerpt from Jawaharlal Nehru's speech in which he says we are small men serving a great cause. So that thing I believe that functioning as a government where I will be executing the sovereign functions. So that is the one thing. And so finally, sir, I believe that forestry gives me a very wide domain. So we have everything in forestry, even when I was studying for my forestry optional, we saw that we have legislation, we have ecology, we have remote sensing, we have forest engineering. So it's a very wide domain, sir. All right. This space has a common heritage. Okay, sir. That we have this outer space treaty in 1950s. Yes, sir. There was an outer space treaty, 60s in fact. Yes, sir. In the recent time, do you think it has been diluted? So yes, the treaty was signed in 1967. Yes. So sir, I think the type of technology we had then was very different from the technology and the capabilities we have today. So I do believe that there's need for updating it. So it mainly deals with putting weapons of mass destruction in the orbit. But now we are coming up with new challenges like space debris and peaceful use of moon, Mars. So these things will be your concern now. Most importantly, it is to do with the mining. Yes, sir. So recently, a lot of private players have entered the scene. Like you must be aware, SpaceX and Elon Musk and all that. Yes, sir. So in 2015, the US government also changed certain laws and allowed the corporate to take over. Correct, sir. That way it has been diluted, is it not? Correct, sir. So again, sir, we need some laws to regulate those corporate players. Sir, if they are exploiting minerals from an asteroid, they are like that. They have laws. In the US, they have laws. But international laws has been contravened. Correct, sir. Sir, I think this need to improve that, like make some laws that regulate that. Some nations, we have to commit a consensus. As the US has laws, but we need to commit a consensus that how the resources need to be exploited, sir. I think that it has been diluted, sir. So you mentioned that you are interested in guided technology. What did you say? Certain guidance navigation. Yeah, guidance navigation and so on. And control, yes, sir. And control. Now, if AI comes into play and that is going to come in near future. Yes, sir. Very near future, the world is going to be much unsafe, or is it not? Because if AI is going to control our raminations, then it is going to be unsafe for world. Correct, sir. So AI has some positive sides and some challenges that might occur. So the positive side when it comes to let us say self-driving cars in Tesla, where AI is able to manage avoid accidents and reduce loss of human life. So in that sense, AI can be helpful. No, I will see. AI is not based on human experience. I am talking about deep learning neural network based AI. Correct, sir. Unlike the classical algorithms of binary computers. So it is going to take its own decisions and it is going to suggest us what decisions to be taken in case of a crisis. Correct, sir. We cannot question it because the thinking is much superior than ours. Right, sir. So that way, most countries will have their own AI's and they will take decisions based on what AI is suggesting. So it makes the world much more unsafe, or is it not? Correct, sir. So we need to, so definitely that would, if we let AI rampantly take decision, that will definitely make the world unsafe because AI is actually based on a cost function. If the cost function is not managed properly, so it will not work properly, sir. So basically we can see in which critical areas AI needs to, we can use AI for making decision in which critical areas human intervention is needed. No, that is true. But do you agree that it is going to make the world unsafe? Sir, if we allow AI to... Non-allow, every country is going to look for optimal decisions. Yes, sir. And AI is providing all these optimal decisions. We are also able to see reality or thinking which human beings are not capable for. Correct, sir. Sir, I believe that AI does perform better, so I think that would be helpful. Sir, if we are sure, it would not be a disastrous thing, sir. Tell us, last question. Tell us about post-quantum encryptions and the role of mathematical based algorithms. Sir, quantum encryption... Not quantum encryption, post-quantum encryptions. Post-quantum encryption, sir, I am not... Do you know what is the difference between quantum encryptions and post-quantum encryptions? No, sir, I am not... As the quantum computer gains supremacy, there is a threat for the digital world. Yes, sir. So we need new algorithms, mathematical based algorithms. Correct, sir. The prime number based is, you are aware of it. Yes, sir. Shores algorithm and so on, it can easily decrypt. Yes, sir. So the challenge is to have a new mathematical algorithms. Are you aware of what is the latest regarding this field? Sir, I am aware that there is a challenge on prime number based algorithms, but, sir, what are the alternatives available, sir? I am not aware of those. I have to read about it, yeah. You are doing fine. Thank you. I will do that, sir. Thank you, sir. Okay, so spush, right? Yes, sir. You have been engaged in security audits and finding vulnerabilities, ethical hacking. Yes, sir. Can you tell me what is end point security? Sir, end point... Is it, sir, you are referring to the APIs? Sir, I am talking in general about what is end point security? Sir, end point security, sir, that particular term that I have not come across, but, sir, I would assume that it is related to the application programming interface APIs because those are the end points user communicate with. Not always, but let us move to another question. Yes. Can you tell me what is this institutional structure for cyber security in India? Sir, very recently we had formulated a SIRT team, cyber emergency response team. Sir, we are also coming up with a civil volunteer program. That would be helpful in keeping an eye on these WhatsApp messages and these things. And so, these operate under the Ministry of Home Affairs. So, these are the things I can recall. Sir, are you aware of the national cyber security policy? Sir, sorry, sir, I am not aware of it. Okay. Can you tell me what is critical infrastructure? Sir, critical infrastructure, sir, we have these power plants. Sir, we also have these dam control systems, control systems to manage the dams, turbines, beats and all. So, very recently, sir, we were made aware that in the Bombay power plant, they were malware from China that was there. It was in Bombay power plant? Yes, sir. Okay. Recently, Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology issued some VPN regulations. Okay. Are you aware of them? Sir, I think I am aware. Sir, I can remember that they mentioned that people, that the VPN companies have to keep a record of people who are using the VPN. Okay. Anything else? Sir, no, sir, I am not. What is VPN? Sir, it is basically a private network in which your data will be passing through that particular server. So, if I subscribe a VPN service, my data will first go to that VPN service server and then it will go into the internet instead of directly communicating with the internet. Don't you think that the VPN itself is a danger? Sir, I think both positive and negative, negative sides of it are there. So, for example, journalists use VPN for security in governments which are restrictive on journalists and I think negative side is also there, it can be used for terrorists and these can also be used. Read me or Samson? Means I just want a simple advice. Yes, sir. Be a non-technical person. Sir, I think the inner functioning of the companies, it's very hard to say, but I think every company is using user data to improve their AI. So, in that sense, I think all companies somehow do that. So, basically you are saying that Apple is just doing branding. There is no technical basis to say that Apple means privacy more than Samsung means privacy. Sir, I basically prefer open source. Sir, so I think as long as it is open source, I am good to go with it because you can look at the code and people can do that. So, are there any open source mobile manufacturers? Sir, not the manufacturers but the operating system we have, let's say Android, that we have, we have open SSL algorithm also there for encryption, the library is there. So, yes sir, the manufacturer, open source manufacturer, sir, I think there's not a good enough market for that. So, can I infer that Android is safer than iOS because it is open source? Sir, I believe that it is safer. Okay. Recently there was a Twitter takeover deal by Elon Musk. Yes sir. So, do you think it is going to compromise the free speech on Twitter? Sir, the whole Twitter acquisition, Elon Musk has said that he aims to open source the algorithm that decides the feed on Twitter. So, as long as he is open sourcing is that I think it's a good thing because then we can see how the data is being, how the feed is being generated. What do you think about the allegations which have been made against the Twitter that in the name of moderating the content, it's selectively blocks the messages from some political parties or right or left? Sir, I think sir the process of reviewing is not open to the, it's not transparent in Twitter. I think that it can be improved and I think Twitter has also acknowledged that they are trying to but with a lot of, because a lot of amount of data is being generated and to regulate, to identify data on individual basis, I think it gets difficult for a company also. So, I think more transparency is needed in that. What do you think about the social media guidelines which were issued by the government of India recently in this context? Sir, I think they will be very helpful in that because the companies are required to, the significant social media intermediaries are required to maintain a chief information officer and he has to respond within 24 hours and these kind of provisions are being made. So, I think it will be very helpful in managing these kind of hateful content or any data, any content which is not relevant. Okay, my second last question. Yes sir. What, you said that your farce profession is agriculture. Yes sir. What crops does he grow? Sir, so right now in the summer season, we are growing bajra. So, in the winter season, we went for wheat and mustard. So, can you tell me the MSP of these three crops? That's my last question.