 I'm Adriana Eftimia, and I work with the International Finals Corporation, part of the World Bank Group from Washington, D.C., because that is where I live and work, but originally I'm from Romania. I'm a trained geophysicist, converted into a social development specialist, so this is what I do. I'm actually very supportive to this type of dialogue, and I'm very glad to see this happening, because I think when we talk about artisanal and small scale mining, a multi-stakeholder solution and dialogue and identifying roles and responsibilities of various stakeholders, it's very important. We cannot just ask one of the stakeholders to resolve all the issues, so it has to be a dialogue and it has to involve everybody and be open to actually change. When I'm talking about be open to change, I'm talking about companies be open to work more with the artisanal and small scale miners, but at the same time the government being open to provide more extension services to the artisanal and small scale miners and basically creating the framework for artisanals and small scale miners to move to the next level and not just stay where they are today and facing the issues they are facing today. In a way I see the future for artisanal and small scale mining where the artisan and the small scale miners which are now operating in very primitive conditions and semi mechanized or no mechanized and basically being sometimes exploited by some businessmen or other people who will just finance the business but give them enough just to survive day by day to move to a more structured business and move from maybe becoming like small businesses that will grow up and have the potential to actually provide a sustainable living and sustainable development around the communities. So it shouldn't stay at the level of being just a livelihood and being just a subsistence activity and they should move towards economic and growth. The recognition of the sector because it can bring actually lots of economic gains to a country at the same time I would like to see as part of the recognition also support and support from all various stakeholders from the government in terms of extension services so helping the miners to understand the environmental and social aspects and train them to use less harmless processing methods maybe helping understanding the geological data and I would like to see also more collaboration between large scale companies and artisanal miners so they can cohabitate together but cohabitate and I don't want to see the things continuing in siloces so as I mentioned at the beginning there is a solution, it is a multi-stakeholder solution and everybody has to play a role and everybody has to have some responsibility. I don't think that one party should address everything I think and if you look at artisanal mining as an activity that is actually more like a livelihood than a business until it will become a business then the government has a very strong role to play in that as their representatives and citizens protection. I choose the government capacity which I think is very important to be addressed and I think that there is a lot to be done on this space and I choose also the legal rights because I believe that formalization will not be enough as long as the artisanal or the small scale miners will not have their own legal rights over minerals and I actually enjoy very much the discussion earlier you know talking about the rights because yes there are many other rights that should be respected and they should basically have access and take advantage of. In most of the countries land ownership is customary and is collectively but people don't benefit then if we look at to whom the mineral resources belongs in most of the countries mineral resources belongs to the people or to the respective countries so if there is a possibility to actually build up the sector and make it functional and effective and give alternatives to people and job opportunities there are mineral exploration and exploitation needs also very advanced technology and needs commercial mining but I think that there is an opportunity for both to coexist at least for the time being because probably once economy diversify and then more opportunities for jobs and for income generation are coming into a country then the two sectors will kind of balance themselves and eventually they will be more structured into what they need to do that's a very long term it's probably it will happen in many years from now for the short term and media term I think that starting with recognizing the ASM as a valid activity and bringing more legal not necessarily legal but having this high on the top priorities of the government agenda and that all will help actually the sector and as I said I believe in multi stakeholder solution I believe that each of the stakeholders can play a role and as long as you can define these roles and responsibilities and follow on them that may be something that will work quite well in a maybe medium term and I like the idea of dialogue I'm pretty sure there will be a lot of challenges and I'm pretty sure that there will be a lot of pushback from some of the parties and at the same time I'm pretty sure that a lot of opportunities will be identified