 Täältä minulla on tärkeää asioita, joita näemme täällä tässä puolesta. Minulla on PHD-kannettelma, Universtund Helsinki, ja minulla olen researchingin ja research history of stone age archeology in Finland. Ja tämä topic of this presentation is related to research questions that I have been trying to find out ways to trace any stone age artefacts that might have been in this collection during the 18th century, when, of course, they didn't understand, well, there was a lot of discussion about the stone age artefacts, what they are and so on, and this presentation came from those questions, but then I added some other stuff also to that. And I have worked at the coin cabinet of the National Museum of Finland where the remains of this collection are kept, like these coins, for example. So, I got interested in... I thought I did that, but it just... Okay, thank you. And now to find out how do I get to the next slide. Just a map quickly so that we know where we are. Like where these things are happening. So the city of Turku is at the western coast of Finland. And it was the main city in Finland during the Swedish reign. Helsinki has only built a capital since the beginning of the 19th century. And then straight to the action. This great city fire of Turku started at 9 o'clock in the evening on the 4th of September in 1827, so it was almost exactly 192 years ago today when I'm speaking about that. And about almost 75% of the city was destroyed, and still only a few persons lost their lives. So it was already in contemporary sources, considered primarily as a material and cultural catastrophe. And newspapers also abroad emphasised the cultural losses. For example, the London Standard mentioned the loss of the buildings of the academy with valuable collections, the library of 40,000 volumes, the cabinet of medals, the collections of instruments. And in this presentation I'm trying to shed some light on these collections, which were mostly but not entirely destroyed in this fire. And I'm trying to examine some possibilities of reconstructing the collections on the basis of the prevailing textual sources. The current University of Helsinki, my home university, is a new version of an older establishment. Originally the university was founded in Turku, and it was founded in 1642 in the reign of Queen Christina of Sweden. And the collections of the academy began already in the 1650s as an art collection with portraits of the chancellors and professors of the academy. But the real collecting started in the 18th century. Numismatic collections were common at the time in universities and usually they were kept in libraries, since medals depicting historical events and persons and ancient coins were seen as illustrations to history and literature. Coins were also one of the first types of artefacts obtained as archaeological finds and also recognised as antiquities. Numismatic interest was an important factor in the development of archaeology as a discipline. But not many coins found as archaeological finds did end up in the academic collection, because in the Swedish realm the treatment and possession of coins and other objects of precious metals found from the ground was governed by law already from the medieval time onwards so that they jointly belonged to the king and to the finder. So during the time of the Swedish rule all antiquities found in Finland were sent to Stockholm's antiquity archive so they didn't end up in this collection. But some did. And sometimes the finds were not claimed but they were returned to the finder because they were like too ugly or something. For example a Viking-age coin board was found in Finland in 1786 and it was delivered to Stockholm. Well actually it was delivered direct to King Gustav III when he was in Eastern Finland. But then it was later two worn out coins where later returned to the finder. The first real like object or batch of objects in this collection was a Viking-age Arabic coins collection that was donated in 1749 to the academy and they were from an archaeological find originally but there is no context known today like where they were found. The problem with the fire was that it destroyed most of the objects but it destroyed also all the catalogs that had been used to catalog this collection. So the context and stuff like that is lost. And there are also some objects like this Roman silver coin here in the picture issued for Sabin at the concert of Emperor Hadrian which was found in Finland during the early 18th century and since most Roman coins found in Finland are secondary finds this was probably a primary find and very intriguing and it is mentioned in 18th century texts and there is one dissertation published in the Academy of Turku which has this picture of it but the coin itself is lost but we can see in this book picture and then we can see how it was the coin. There are mentions in the sources that I have looked of old coins or rare coins or something like that donated but there is never the find context. Mostly it was this Numismic collection was mostly comprised of medals and then ancient Greek and Roman coins but some very rare archaeological finds did end up there through donations like this iron age golden bracket found in Gotland which was in the fire and survived it and looks like almost intact it's still in the collections of the National Museum of Finland. There are also other collections besides the coin and medal collection the mineral cabinet and the natural historical cabinet were also established during the 18th century and the ethnographic cabinet was only started in 1827 so right before the fire it mostly included objects donated by an officer of the Russian Imperial Navy, Adolf Ettolein who had acquired the items from Northern America and the Aleutic Islands and he sent items in several batches so some of them only came in after the fire when the university had been relocated to Helsinki and all these are still existing and they are in the National Museum of Finland but we can just look at these pictures and we can think of the other objects that probably were in the earlier donations and were then burned up there was also two pieces of wooden Egyptian mummy case that was donated to the academy and it's mentioned in textual sources but no pictures or anything have survived how it looked and then for the most interesting thing for me in these stone artefacts there was a lot of interest during the 18th century aimed at serving the geological phenomenon found in Finland and collecting mineral samples and most certainly it also led to some stone age artefacts ending up in the collections of the mineral cabinet probably as natural curiosities or there are dissertations and other texts depicting prehistoric structures and stone artefacts for example this book which covers here in the picture it mentions stone age stone artefacts and has this discussion cited from different sources that what people think that they are that some people say that they are natural curiosities formed during thunderstorms and some say they are how was it, ancient battlehammers offered a sacrifice to tour or something like that so it's likely that they were in the mineral cabinet if there were any of these objects there there were also some collections like in 1770 there was a collection donated by a clergyman who had collected antiquities from his parish and we know that they were not coins so they were something else there are no catalogs or anything surviving about that collection and then just do I still have time, yes the buildings of the academy where the collections were kept these can be reconstructed more easily than the objects they were originally kept in the old library building of the academy which was situated in front of Turku Cathedral and nowadays society is under the monument of staircase of the cathedral but then this new academy house which is still standing in Turku was built and all the collections were moved there and they had their own quarters there for example the numismatic collection was kept in the upper floor and the ethnographic collections and natural history collections were kept in the middle floor and we even know that there was pink cotton wool that was used as a lining in the drawers where the objects were displayed and so on but during the fire the floors of the academy building collapsed and the cupboards holding collections and everything most of the collections itself were destroyed and immediately after the fire there were some people led by student Himbari who searched the ruins of the academy building for objects of this collection that were that maybe there were some left and so on and several items of the coin and medal collection were retrieved like almost two thirds of the whole collection and together with the coins and medals also some more than hinges of the cupboards were collected and they are still in the coin cabinet of the National Museum those black lumps in the picture and the destruction of the library was pretty thorough except for the coin and medal collection all the other collections that were made of other substances than medal were burnt but what about the antiquity collection of this clergyman or the mineral cabinet if there were any stone artifacts in the collection they would have survived the fire but the searching party was only looking for the remnants of the coin cabinet so probably they just took everything metallic they saw so they didn't bother if they saw some stones there but then some remains of the collection still be underground left buried under the academy building or something well no turned out that no because the ground was leveled and after the fire any extra soil was carted off somewhere around the city or countryside so no so this is like lost collection and it can only be studied through textual sources including the minutes of the consistory of the academy and the few catalogs that were somewhere else during this catastrophe and correspondence of people and then the doctoral citations that mention objects from the collection and the academy building was later restored has been the seat of Court of Appeal of Turku since 1830 so the buildings we can like look and think that this was the seat of the first museum collection in Finland but the old library house there are no blueprints or pictures surviving of that so we can really reconstruct it so I conclude that I found out that doing this presentation that the collection of the Academy of Turku was not really the first archaeological collection but it was the first museum collection in Finland because it was not deliberately archaeological there was not a deliberate collecting or gathering done to gather objects found from the ground mostly due to the legislation that they had to be sent to Stockholm but there were several objects that were originally archaeological items so therefore it's a little bit archaeological collection but most certainly the first museum collection in Finland maybe it should be more acknowledged as such and more research will be done about these things thank you