 Pag-aslamay ang mga bakon kwayang iisarap na pagsubo, Pag-gangsubo, higyan ang mga sasang sigaw nangmasa, Ang pag-masa Magandang araw mga minamahalapong NSTP student at kasi Julian Balokubelo at ito ay isang presentasyon kung call sa gender and development. Ako ay isang tutay na akademi ko, pero baog ako maging putay na akademi ko, ako ay naparabaho ng research assistant, research projects coordinator, na piliang mga development projects sa rural areas of the province. Ako rin ko ay meron pag-ikip, dalawang pungtaong experience ng gender and sensitivity trainer. Okay? So the goal of this presentation is to help you understand the basics of gender and development which hopefully you can use in your NSTP projects conceptualization and implementation whether this semester or next semester. So let's start. Disclaimers first. This presentation will not be legalese. It will not be legalistic because I am not a legal expert, but I will mention very important sections of two provisions. One is the magna-karta for women and later the sexual, the anti-sexual harassment code of the University of the Philippines. But other than that, I will not really go into legal matters because I think this is at the presentation that is right for it. Second, I will not be theoretically hard-bonders on many debates about gender and development. I will just give you the basics and I will disclose my preferences, the definitions that I really would like to work with. Third, I will not be statistics-bounds, meaning I will not really show your numbers and so on and so forth because I will, magbuna na lang, saka na lang. And then lastly, I will not be slides-bound. If you want to take down notes, you have to listen. You really have to pay attention because my slides are very, very rare. Are you ready? Okay. So, buli akasi Julian Balok-Belo ng Department of Panelic Six at Communication or the UP Department of Communication Research at the College of Mass Communication. Anong abang development? Ang development ay, ah, talagang pinagigyera ng development, ang definition na ito. Pero sa akin, simpilihan lang natin. Ito ay maayos sa part na kalagaya ng pangkalahatang pang mungay kung meron na iiigwan ng iwiya din ang commitment. Ito ay sustainable. Kahit meron tayo nagagawa kung sinasabi modernization, meron pagpakalawa, paggagawa ng mga tulay na mga pababago kung meron na sisira ang indisustainable, hindi development. Again, kung meron mga human rights na nalalabang hindi development. Ito ay inclusive. Ito ay participatory at mula sa baba pataas. Ito ba ay end goal? Not necessarily. Hindi siya talagang destination dahil kahit sa mga sinasabi developed na country, sini naman sila tumipigil sa pang-developed. Pero tayo din atawang tayo sa titi-titi sa developing countries or third world, pero hindi na masyadong dinatamit ng termo ko yan. Pero hindi ito, end goal ito ay proseso at tamang proseso dapat, dahil kung hindi ito tamang proseso ng pangpunta sa maayos at sapat na kalagayang para sa lahat, meron at meron hindi may sasabi at meron may iwiwan. Okay. So, my favorite analogy for development really is at tree growing upward. So hindi lang siya heroic movement upward with its branch reaching for the trees but it is also a downward movement, a soulful downward movement that the more you grow upward, the deeper you need to grow also. Otherwise, kung hindi na ka-ampla ng maayos ang makalipogat mo sa lupa, ang kahoy na ito ang punong kahoy na ito ay mabilis na matutimba. Merong malakas na matutimba. So here in our interrogation of development the soulful downward movement really is examining, problematizing concepts that have been normalized, that need to be shaken. So pang kakabog po nang mga nakapagana sa bato nang concept, dop na pwede naman natin pala di atang. Are you still with me? Okay. Another thing, my explanation of gender and development really is using the feminist perspective because I am a feminist. It can be explained in many other perspectives but because I am a feminist that's the framework I love to work with and I will explain further what my feminism is because feminism is also a protested concept. Alright. So gender and development in Republic Act number 9-7-10 refers to the development perspective you may read with me so that you will not fall asleep. Refers to the development perspective at the process that our participatorian empowering, equitable, sustainable, free from violence, respectful of human rights, supportive of self determination and actualization of human potential. It seeks to achieve gender equality as a fundamental value that should be reflected in development choices, seeks to transform society as a social, economic and political structures and questions the validity of the gender roles as crime to women and men, contends that women are active agents of development and not just passive recipients of development assistance and stresses the need for women to organize themselves and participate in political processes to strengthen their legal rights. So from this section ito yung mga nahagit natin active agents, empowerment, access, equal opportunity, participation, human rights at antagad pa natin choices at do yung hindi pasabi dito nagtungang at nga atayin ng aayuda at equal opportunity sa akin development is the assurance of survival of everyone but not to survival but to the quality of life. Okay? Now, feminism anong nga ba aking feminist? Pwento muna. Okay? Nung ako ay 21 years old hindi naman talaga akong potabling tawagin aking sarili na feminist. Na ifa ay many of you out there you believe in equality, you believe in empowerment pero feminist na not really kasi ay masyadong hanyan masyadong history. So same thing with me when I was 21 years old I was a newbie at College of Social Work at Community Development in my M.A. in Women in Development Studies and I was asked do you think that Filipino women are oppressed? And I said vehemently no, no, maybe in other countries but in the Philippines no. In fact, me three are talaga ng society, ay hindi-hindi ang mga suyeldong mula sa mga halibin ang pahanan. So I don't think so. My experience with my father with my brothers are pretty much okay. Okay? So parang okay nung ang tato but at 21 okay? In a literal crossroads at C.P. Garcia at the U.P. University Avenue merong ten-wheeler, trapa, merong pahinat, merong driver and then he called me names making it unprofitable trying to get my attention tatawagin ako margina, riyana and it did not happen once it still happens up to this point. Okay? So ang sabi ko meron naman ako narating sa Luay Binang Balay bakit what entitles these men to make me uncomfortable? If there is something about our societal arrangement that makes men entitled to do things to me. Pwede natin sabihin malayos at ay pero there is this comfort and why make uncomfortable with it? Bakit natatakot ako para sa Luay Binang Balay ko? There are good days there are bad days on good days I would say well they are overworked they are underpaid and forgive them they're just trying to get through their day but in bad days I might raise my middle finger. So thus the interrogation of what I was supposed to you know construe as liberation or emancipation you know I guess literally in that intersection but hopefully you know my contention sabi ko nga dito my contention is I are wherever I am thankfully my contention has really expanded and now my feminism is this equality with each standpoint or involvement difference or intersectionality so let me explain further so we really started with equality you know women fought hard to be able to vote equality what's accorded to men must be accorded to women gusto nyo ba at na equality we want to be joined in PMA gusto namin bigar ni kami ng access to education to legislation and so on and so forth pero may backlash ito gusto nyo ba ng equality kamo sige PMA 100 push-ups sa baba 100 push-ups sa lalaki gusto nyo ba na equality pagsamayin na nang natin ang olympics wala na nang baba ilalaki kasi magagaling naman tayong man gusto nyo ba na equality bakit you know you complain with men do not give up their seats in process so therefore it has its backlash and you know because admittedly it is very very limited so thankfully it has been expanded to equity and equity really is accorded you know according of resources and we give more resources to those who have less to those who really need more so my favorite analogy is tatao in baray tatao is really the breaking of bread pag tatao ka and then you give more bread to those who are sick to those who need who really work hard for the day naglabaho naglilis ng makoran na example kasi nang medyong kulti lang doon sa nakatuama nang maghapot and then really is about once position in the world being you know the number one indicator for once experience of the world so it is anchored and once skin bone saliva sweat and blood example if you are a different able person you would see a building differently see and that seeing of the building is rooted on one's body if you are not disabled you would say where's the entrance to the building if you are differently able in a wheelchair for example where is the rent now standpoint slash embodiment is a very important concept in feminism because this is something our bodies women's bodies are a very good starting point in having conversations with the rest of humanity babaika mayaman mahirap belayong katabong babae mag-usap tayo mag-kakinting liyan tayo however just like equality is also very limited it can also exclude a lot some women would say well since trans women do not menstruate do not get pregnant I may not have something in common with them and I may not be able to identify with them as hello women so see it is important but it is also limited dahil kahit katawan man yan ang can ng katawan ng mayaman ay bang atang can ng naghihirap na tayo ay guto na tayo so thankfully we have moved forward to difference and intersectionality and this is really the recognition that oppressive and liberation really come in layers so these layers are gender class ethnicity religion disability age skin color and so on and so forth but I don't want to go through what is called oppression olympics hindi naman talaga to pabigatan kung sino talaga ang pinapopres but you know just be very basic kasi some people would cry out gender equality gender equality pero sarala din naman because they are class blind hindi nila naman na recognize na po may problema din sa class pwede rin mga pindin sila ng ibang tao nalaki halimbawa on the basis of class ako halimbawa feminist but pwede ang apihin ng aking driver ang aking gardenero ang aking tober ang aking pooboy kahit wala naman ako ooo deba hala niyo may ama na ko but that's the point you get the point I know you got the point so deepening this further equality and equality I really love this picture and I think you have seen this picture equality and equity feminist concept really is a very good gender and development concept also here the small the weak that is able need to be helped out in life and those who are strong big and have resources are really are the ones responsible for giving up resources and allocating their resources to others in the act of helping others out deba so also sa usaping embodiment or standpoint pasok sa gender and development talaga ang SOGI kaya hindi lang talaga ang gender and development pang boba e or pang lalaki ito talaga e pumapasok tayo sa larangan ng pangkakabong nung usaping sexual orientation gender and again gender identity expression and na yung SOGI as you know sex characteristics so an example of this ever-evolving definitions of the body sabi ko nga dito the body in aawayan nyan there is power in naming and there is also power in unnaming so example the gender person from it's pronounced metrosexual it's a very good website of basic SOGI orientation this is version sleep point state so here it's very clear it's very simple gender identity is in the mind the manness the womaness the attraction ang nina na is nung dini desire mong inaibig mo is here sexual orientation mong sexual and you know the in-betweens okay and then biology female male and intersex okay what we used to call hermaphrodise marami sila marami sila sa pilipe as specifically okay and the expression the fluidity of the expression that's really the playful arena of SOGI kung whether you are a man or a woman you know your sexual orientation kung ano ma nyan the expression is hala ka jyan you know you might be feminine you might be masculine ako ngayon nakandangling earrings ako but in college I was really emo I was go off I was dark so alam mo yung expression is really really the fun part here now sabi kong aka ni it's a continuing discourse because the body is a political arena and the version 3.3 now has really reached version 4.0 so here I like the previous picture it's not a linear one-way direction of femaleness of manliness but you know the more woman that you become here because two directions it doesn't mean nababawasa na pakalalaking or the more woman that you become and even the gender expression is also continuing spectrum towards two directions and sexual orientation and even the sexual orientation now is has two components it's the romantic orientation and the sexual orientation so now mahabang osa pinyan but it's a point that in gender and development ka ilangang ka ilangan nating palawakin ang ating paktihin sa ating kapawang sa ating sexual orientation para wala tayong maihuan that is just at point of this and it is really rooted on a compassionate concept of embodiment kung sa anka ng gagaling importanting maintindihan how you are as a person so that how you express it will not be a weapon against you will not be demonized so that you will have access to resources to education to to be in-prespected to be in-protected by the state hindi ka magyong Jennifer Laude kung kumpleto ang ating gender and development walang Jennifer Laude na makapatay sa ating bansa or sa ating monto and then intersection siguro pasintin nating example ng isang maybaha'y or the lawang klasing maybaha'y ang isang baba'y maybaha'y na mahirap because of intersection of gender plasticity body religion and so on so for age event ay man kaibang may kaiba ang katatuhanan ang experience sa isang baba'y mayamat ng ayung patent so again okay pero pwede pa natin ino gaway mga ang mga siguro baba'y single or solo bear na list na na deformed ang katawan but again I'd like to avoid oppression olympics at this point but you get the point there is an intersection of oppression that needs to be broken but then again the solution also is inter okay may solution tayo to po sa atin class problem to po sa atin gender problem at you know and so on so for now general development also questions that this divide between the productive and productive sphere productive sphere at ikonumiya sa labas ng bahay ato yung trabaho yung ikonumiya yung the producers but we often forget the reproductive sphere of the economy the home where people workers CEOs teachers students and the workers full center agents are in charge sheltered refreshed nourished and no workers outside the economy can really function no one if there is no reproductive sphere that would nourish them so na paka halaga no kaka na paka halaga bigyan ng dignidad ang nourishment na ito sa log ng pangmahay so ane ang example ng general development na hindi kumpleto ha mibigyan natin ang mga kumunuhoy ang mga informal settlers ikin natin sila ikrain natin sila for hug racing santo job making na nagkuputuan nang sila maghaapon pero at the end of three years tina natin ang kalagayan nila okay so sa aking experience sa another summer binigyan ang mula yung livelihood na sinasabi for three years itate hindi pa rin nakabili ng bra at ang pangbili niya ng lipstick na bug-bug po siya na kanyin nasawa dahil hindi natin nakabog ang reproductive discourses of domestic life of gender roles mayarong nga siya pag-gracing siya pa rin ang nag-uhugas naglalaba siya pa rin siya pa rin ang nag-aalaga ng bata so see even if we become active participants of the productive economy our reproductive reality is still unshaken versus an overburden and just multiple roles encumbering meron pa rin tayong problema sa development ano nga ba kinalaman ng development sa gender sabi ko nga ang gender talaga sa aking pagpapaliwan ng kain nakaangklas sa feminist perspective so feminist concepts equality equity standpoint embodiment intersectionality and then yung nasa baba the concepts inside the purple boxes exclusivity binaries double standard mutedness privilege co-optation backlash essentialism basically ito yung mga mga concepto nga ang sarap pag-aralan pag pinapag-aralan mo gender and development no so pagkakabit siya sa example exclusivity it is a gender concept that is also a development concept example exclusivity parami parang hospital ngayon ng bawa na pang dinoguka hindi ka necessarily patatagipon sa AR kasi baka ka daw nang pabort it's a gender issue but also a development issue kasi ito hospital na ito exclusive dito sa mga class siya sa mga catholic meron kang ganyan at meron pang mga mga mga pa-aralan na hindi ko pwede mag-enroll ko walang marriage certificate na maipakita na nagpapatunay ng yung mga mga magulap ay kasali so si tayo tayo ng to parang para sa mga moralidad para sa tayo ng mga values so it is gender issue but it is also a development issue another example essentialism I will not discuss everything because we don't have time essentialism essentializing things as if there is a reified a reified definition of say womaness or motherhood parang nong ginawa nandun ang definition na yun mother ay ganito ang woman ay ganito diba so pag sinabi natin pag essentialize natin ng motherhood or womanhood as motherhood is the essence of being a woman na essentialize natin siya marami tayo hindi na isali paano naman ng mga obain na hindi kayo magkana or ayaw magkana or merong avao like the religious people na hindi sila magkakana are they less of a woman diba hindi so wang tayo mag essentialize so tayo nga binis na mag essentialize kasi meron at meron tayo hindi may sasada dyan therefore the battle cry for development is not an empty rhetoric hindi lang to pag sinabi kung gender gender equality gusto ko lang talaga haya na kung magkumartin diba ang babaw naman puro nilang e puro na ng gender puro na ng LGBTQ diba hindi talagang it is an intersection of issues are very very important to be overcome for us to have real development may pinagpuhugutan po ang contexto na e another example is sexual harassment sexual harassment is a gender issue so in the UP anti sexual harassment code or the UP ash code in section 5 it is defined as an unwanted and welcome an invited behavior of a sexual nature or inappropriate sexual advances or offensive remark about a person's sex sexual orientation or gender identity it is very important that it is defined now because dati pag sinabi mo sexual harassment baka in imagine mo lang yun sexual harassment kasi pangit pero kung po hindi yung sexual harassment puwede nung una you might be you might have been flattered of the attention of the winking of the eye baka dahil narao-arao na and it is already unwelcome meron ka ng discomfort it is sexual harassment pero tatanungin ko na naman ulit naraip ka ba na mules sa ka ba nakawakan hindi naman baka hindi yung sexual harassment but hearing the UP anti sexual harassment code paragraph 3 sexual harassment may be at demand or request for sexual favor by person of authority influence or moral ascendancy in exchange for appointments grants, grades or favors ok, etc. so it is a gender issue because it has something to do with the body alam mo may objectification ng katawan may mamaliit sa katawan but it is a development issue because the person being sexually harassed may be in danger of you know of being uncomfortable and this discomfort may extend into an anxiety at pwede nang mag-compromise sa kanyong petrabaho ang kanyong pag-aaral so hindi lang siya dahil mayro kag discomfort per se pero nang kasalalay ang yung survival ang yung peace of mind ang yung quality of life paano kung teacher mo yun paano kung doctor paano kung ang tao nito bossy mo at kailangan mo diisin ang discomfort na ito na napakasectual ng favor dahil napakahalaga ng parabaha mo so si, it is gender related but it is development related dahil nakasalalay again ang yung survival ang yung quality of life Thankfully in UP we have the UP Dileman Office of Anti-sexual Harassment we have their Facebook page we also have an office but now that we are at the pandemic the Facebook page is very accessible we also have the UP Dileman Gender Office also very helpful if you want explanations about sexual orientations maybe about yourself about your friend about your family if you have questions if you want trainings for your sons you can approach the UP Dileman Gender Office okay again as I close this presentation I will wrap up with this last points gender and development will make sense when the agency and structure really come together agency is the individual the person we help individual the individual person so alimba ako ang kapit bahay ko ang grade 6 lang na tapos dinutuluan ko siya bagumawa ng cover letter para mag-apply ng taba ko piniprepay bago mag-interview pinapahiram ng gamit talagang developing the individual but see my cheerleading my mentoring can only go as far I cannot really change the world for my network because the structure is really very limiting at this point so yes cheerleading individual work really matter but they can only go as far for me really gender and development will even make more sense if we expand the structure another favorite example is breastfeeding I am a breastfeeding counselor again I can really mentor women who would like to breastfeed gusto magpadede pero dahil our maternity leave used to be 60 days after 60 days may iwan dali ang maanak kaila so alam mo yung parang kayano ang will and determination ng isang tao ang isang pamilya ko ang structure talagay very limiting hindi sapat ang sipag atyaga it only is true for the privileged people and a handful only of people in this world the structure has to accommodate the will and determination so dahil thankfully ang ating maternity leave ay na expand into 90 days sinikulang parin nyo dahil in other countries like Finland for example the maternity leave is two years pero at least malaking bagay and ang structures and policies legislations are very very important and then lastly general development also should rethink concepts like the trickle down effect napakandelikado at paso na po ito ang trickle down effect is at sige ang resources ilagay natin sa kit na and hopefully mag-tickle down sa baba so halimaw may pabigas dahil bumagyo yung bigas ita ilagay natin sa bahay ng barangay kapital at lalapit naman siyang mga tao hindi naman po yung nangyari so dapat ang resources ay ilagay pabud-bud doon mula sa pinakadulo kasi in most cases hindi po nang trickle down galing sa tas isa po natin kailang kabugin ang language ang discourse what cannot be named cannot be valued so again balitay sa reproductive sphere pangalanan natin i-value natin na kalagang ng reproductive sphere yunong pakaalan ng mga identities ng sexual identities is general napakala ganun sabi natin nakakapagod yunong makishi it yunong congress congressperson instead of congresswoman ay this very important yes yes because re-langaging re-learning unlearning reclaiming uncovering reclaiming these are very very important in the continuous transformation of our mindsets it works both ways also then to rethink power what is power parang dati ang power is power over power power to power to yun sa pat really power it should be power with as I close this presentation I would like to emphasize that power with really is on the burden of those who are privileged tayo yun collective action ang napakalaga yes individual work is very important let us not ignore the individual and for the privileged ones the ones who have purchasing power the ones kaya mag-attokart na yung pandemya okay yun buong yung pabayaan ang individual actions na yun but collective actions really matter mobilization cannot happen individually na hiwakiwali ang mobilization ang collective action ay dapat sama-sama so our voices being put together really will matter and hopefully from the ground up pero siyo ang mga muna the privileged ones the ones who have access to resources the ones who are educated and the ones who are so cold nakakaluwag-luwag sa buhay o merong laban ang utak nakakapag-nakakapagbasan ng libro alright so let me wrap up gender and development is anchored in the feminist concepts of equality or equity standpoint and embodiment and intersectionality gender and development underscores people's survival equality of life gender should be considered because it is also a development issue gender and development means expanding big structure in order to accommodate everyone lalo na ang nasa laylayan at dahil culturally embedded ang tingin natin sa gender meron pa rin po tayong hindi na isasabay meron at meron tayo na intentionally nilalangdag pa rin natin sa laylayan and expansion of structure means collective action so once you become conscientized once you become educated you are now responsible of extending what you know practicing what you know and then collectively work with others so that we can move the planet forward yun lang muna sa ngayon mga minamalong isajandilang NSTP muli ako si Julian Baldo-Cobelo kung kailangan nyo ako ako ay nasa Department of Communication Research Parami, salamat sa TVUB at sa slides Carnival sa Aking PowerPoint Dumplights Good day at mabuhay po tayong nat Bye