 Within the area of teaching the nuts and bolts of writing we have another key area which is teaching punctuation. Punctuation is of course one of the important skills to develop and remember that poorly written texts can create negative impressions whether they are emails whether they are letters or whether they are postcards whatever like we write we need to follow the conventions of punctuation. So the question is how we can teach punctuation in the classroom. There are no hard and fast rules of teaching punctuation but there are certain activities which we can bring in in the classroom which we can incorporate and then develop like. What I would like to emphasize is that we as second language teachers need to teach need to make the students aware of the significance of punctuation and we should show them a good passage containing the norms or conventions of punctuation and bad passage and the impression that the bad passage can create upon the readers or leave for the readers and especially it's being a teacher I also observe that some of the students like tend to overlook the use of apostrophe or proper full stop or commas even in emails. Remember even you know using such emails whether for business purposes or whether for personal purposes or formal purposes should contain the proper use of punctuation. The correct use of punctuation should be made part of teaching from the very beginning to the middle and through the higher secondary and intermediate. So it's some of the important areas which actually most of our students struggle and especially because of the influence of social media especially WhatsApp or Facebook or messaging students tend to develop some bad habits so we need to show them passages which contain which are of good example right. So we need to make sure that our students know the right symbols for example where to use the brackets and where not to use we can show them the passages containing the proper use of brackets capital letter colon comma full stop hyphen inverted commas question mark exclamation mark and apostrophe. So these are some of the conventions which we can teach our students and one of the ways is to expose them to reading extensive reading to reading formal formal writing actually. So there are various activities which we can bring in at elementary level so students can be asked to read a collection of words and identify which ones are written with capital letters and why. So it's important to ask them the why question as well and they can be asked to punctuate smaller text or or we can give them the text which is not punctuated they can be asked to punctuate it properly and we can also show them the passage as I said before how the punctuation is used and why. So again I remember Battstone's hypothesis of noticing which you may have studied elsewhere in some of the other courses that noticing is important and making students consciously notice some of the features some of the nuts and bolts some of the mechanics of writing is important and we can combine different procedures activities and strategies in the classroom and other important way of developing spelling is to give them assign them tasks which they can carry out at their homes. So it depends what level you are teaching what kind of students you have and what interest to your students and remember each student has different needs. So one of the ways is just to develop collaborative writing exercises in the classroom, pairing high proficient students with low proficient students and much motivated students with less motivated students. So this is how you can make different strategies and incorporate those strategies into your teaching and develop punctuation.