 We are going to discuss our last unit of the first semester of political science course that is unit number 15 which is individualism and socialism. Again we have divided our discussion into two parts. In this part we will discuss the meaning, features, merits and demerits of individualism. As we all know that there are mainly two theories regarding the functions of the state. One is known as individualism and the other is socialism. These two theories explain in different ways what the state should do and should not do. Thus individualism and socialism are concerned with the activities of the states. I am going to discuss my first topic of the semester. I will talk about the reason behind this topic. I will discuss these two parts. First of all, I will discuss the meaning, features, merits and demerits of individualism. I will also discuss the importance of the duty of the state. These are the two things that are important. First of all, the duty of the state is to do what the state should do and what the state should not do. Second, the duty of the state is to do what the state should do and what the state should not do. I will also discuss the duty of the state. This theory maintains that the state should perform minimum functions. The functions of the state should be limited only to protection and maintenance of law and order. The state should not perform functions relating to promotion and development. The activity of the state is that the state should be limited. I will also discuss the importance of the duty of the state to do what the state should do and what the state should not do. I will also discuss the importance of the duty of the state to do what the state should not do. This theory is also known as the lacesphere theory of state activity. In French, lacesphere means leave the individual alone. This means that the state should not interfere in the matters of the individual. The individual should be given maximum freedom. This theory is also known as the lacesphere theory of state activity. The main advocates of this theory were Jeremy Bentham, J. S. Mille, Emmanuel Kahn, Herbert Spencer and Adam Smith. The main advocates of this theory were Jeremy Bentham, J. S. Mille, Emmanuel Kahn, Herbert Spencer and Adam Smith. Now let us discuss the features of individualism. Individualism stands for minimum functions of the state and maximum freedom for the individual. As we have already discussed that the exponents of the individualism always try to convince the state that it should perform minimum functions and give maximum freedom to the individual. Why? Because if it is done, if it goes, then automatically there will be development of the individuals. The state should perform its activities only for the protection of life, liberty and property of the individuals. They believe in the maximum freedom of the individuals. Today, individuals should be left free to engage in any vocation of their own choice. In fact, they should be left free to engage in any vocation of their own choice. Secondly, non-interference by the state. The state should not interfere with the individual. The individual should not interfere with the individual. The individualism believes that the state should not interfere in the private matters of the individuals. It believes that individuals are capable of working of their own welfare. So, the state should not come in between. The individual should be left free to engage in any vocation of their own choice. Next one is the state as a necessary will. The individual should not interfere with the individual. The state is necessary and the other is the state is a will. Why the state is necessary? According to the individualist, the state is necessary because it needs to maintain the law and order situation, protection of the individuals of the state. And it is a willing institution because it hampers or interferes in the interests of the individuals. In other words, it curtels the freedom of the individual. So, it is a necessary will. Next one is the opposite of the welfare concept of the state. The state should not interfere with the individual. The state should not interfere with the individual. Next one is private enterprises and free competition. The state should not interfere with the individual. The state should not interfere with the individual. The state should not interfere with the individual. The state should not interfere with the individual. This will have an adverse impact on the self-esteem and self-respect of the individual. Now, we should discuss the merits of individualism. We should discuss the merits of individualism. The learners, individualism emphasizes individual liberty. They believe that the individual should be allowed to enjoy maximum freedom so that he or she can work for his or her development. Secondly, it wants the state to perform minimum functions. It will help the state to perform its functions efficiently, perfectly. It will help the state to perform its functions efficiently, perfectly. We should discuss the benefits of individualism in the individual. We should discuss the benefits of individualism in the individual. We should discuss the real development of an individual. Only under an environment of freedom, minimizing the state's interference in personal matters. We should discuss the benefits of individualism in the economic field. We should discuss the benefits of individualism in the economic field. This will improve the economic conditions. We should discuss the benefits of individualism. their learners, though individualism has so many merits, we may also explain some damage about it. Among them, Samar, it stands for individual interest, ignoring the importance of social interest. So, it is harmful to the society. So, it is harmful to the society. So, the activities of the state are against individual liberty is wrong, though which they thought. So, it is harmful to the society. Again, the state is not an evil institution and orderly and civilized life is possible only with the state. Then, the activities of the state should not be restricted only to protective and defensive functions because a long development of all in the society can be ensured by the state alone. So, the state is not an evil institution and orderly and civilized life is not an evil institution. Finally, individualism wants free and unrestricted competition in the economic field but it will gain only a few people and others will have to suffer. So, you have known that individualism has so many merits as well as demerits. All these concepts will help us to know about what is the concept of individualism. So, thank you all. Wish you all the best. Thank you.