 Thank you, Tom a very good afternoon. I Don't have a power presentation Because on many occasions I have seen that the power presentations have lots of power, but no point and Then sometimes they have Points all right But no power behind that so I have avoided it even though some of my younger colleagues Insist that that I should have a power point presentation first of all thanks to I reshade and also to IAEA for inviting me to this forum It is an honor and privilege to share my thoughts with all of you some of you I know from earlier days and All of you are very much involved In what we call the development business In my presentation, I'll just make four points Because the theme of the presentation is human development and post 2015 development agenda point number one is What is human development? The second point would be how human development paradigm Is related to the Millennium Development Goals or the MDGs and the third one how the notion of human development is critical and should provide the substantive background to the post 2015 development agenda as well as the sustainable development goals or SDGs and My final and the fourth point would be a kind of a commercial I would like to talk a little bit about this year's human development report because the theme of it I think would be very much relevant and interesting to all of you in Ireland Back in 1990 We started with a very simple concept of human development We defined human development as a process of enlarging human choices and When we talk about human choices, there are two sides of the equation on the left hand side You have the human capabilities In order to enhance the choices you have to enlarge the capabilities of people on The right hand side of the equation you have the opportunities Because once you enhance your capabilities, you also need improved opportunities to use those capabilities a Very simple notion, but with far-reaching implications Let me just make three points on that point number one Income is a an important part of human development Income is a necessary condition for human development, but it is not a sufficient condition That is because income is a means to human development, but it's not the end of human development Point number two Human development is much more holistic than the other approaches that were at practice in 1990s It is different from human resource development because when we talk about human resource development We basically talk about human capital and how that human capital can contribute to production process We do not talk about the kind of human beings as the beneficiaries of development Human development is larger than basic needs approach which was in vogue in the 1980s and 1990s Because the basic needs talks about a minimum baskets to fulfill the minimum requirements of human beings But it does not talk about the choices That the human beings need in order to enrich their lives and third human development paradigm is larger and broader than their human welfare approach because in the human welfare approach The human beings are at the receiving end But they are not the ones who make the kind of the decisions that affect their lives so in the ultimate analysis human development is development of the people development for the people and development by the people My last point about the paradigm is this well known index the human development index or the HDI and It is one of the first composite indices that came in 1990 as a kind of an alternative way of looking at the progress of human beings The GDP per capita has dominated the scene for too long the HDI is as complex as the GDI or But it is not as blind to the broader aspects of development as the G as the GDP per capita or in other words the human development index is as Criticizable as GDP per capita, but not as blind to the broader aspects of human beings or human progress as GDP per capita So with that particular concept we have produced 25 reports This year is the 25th anniversary of the emergence of the human development concept We have produced reports ranging from economic growth to climate change from gender equality to culture from water to the MDGs and so on so forth Now let me come back to my second question how this particular paradigm Provided the kind of the substantive anchorage To what we call the MDGs or the Millennium Development Goals If we look at human development and the way I have described it the other side of it is human deprivation Because when you have limited choices when you have no choices or when you have very low capabilities and very low opportunities you have human deprivations or in other words we can call it as kind of a human poverty Now if you look at the MDGs whether it is MDG 1, MDG 2 and you go down the line You see that all those Development goals are basically to overcome The basic aspects of human poverty whether it is extreme poverty Whether it is child mortality, whether it is maternal mortality, whether it is hunger those are basically goals for overcoming the human poverty or what we can call multidimensional poverty So in a way the human development paradigm and the human rights paradigm Provided the kind of the substantive bedrock on which the MDGs as well as the Millennium Declaration Were framed on Now when we come to the third question How important is human development and how critical it is for the post-2015 development agenda and the SDGs my first point would be that You cannot have a development goal or target or indicator unless unless it is anchored into a kind of an analytical and substantive framework So therefore the post-2015 development agenda as well as the Sustainable development goals need a kind of a substantive bedrock on which You can develop the goals the targets and the indicators Now we all know that when we ask that question. What is the substantive and Anchorage for the SDGs or post-2015 development agenda? The obvious answer would be sustainable development The notion of sustainable development is the kind of the substantive anchorage on which the SDGs and post-2015 development agenda are based on In that context, I think there are three misconceptions the first one is To the minds of many people Sustainable development is about environment only This is not true We know that the sustainable development has a broader framework Where of course environmental sustainability is important, but so is social sustainability So is political sustainability when we look at The Middle East and the Arab states right now two years ago what happened in Egypt and in other places we know the that the notion of political and Social sustainability are important therefore sustainable development is broader than environment and that is precisely why in the Rio declaration it has been said that the sustainable development Development has economic social and political dimension my own view is That it is important and it is useful to talk about the three pillars of sustainability but do not take a Pillarized approach to sustainable development One has to find a kind of the entry point where you can bring those three issues together But if you talk about a Certain environmental sustainability and then economic sustainability and then social sustainability That kind of a pillarized approach will not take us anywhere To make my point very concrete suppose you take inequality as your entry point Once you take inequality as your entry point for the development challenges that you face The first thing you can talk about economic inequality in terms of inequality in opportunities Inequality in terms of outcomes so the economic part of the sustainability you can really look at it analyze it and Address it through the issue of inequality Then you can also talk about the inequality of the ownership of natural resources How the natural resources are owned by different groups and How there is a kind of a disparity among different groups in terms of the Ownership as well as the management of natural resources there you can bring the whole question of the environmental sustainability Third you can talk about the management of the resources of a particular country From the point of view of the disparities and how it is playing up with other types of Inequalities and you can bring it the whole question of political inequality Because a lot of the disruptions and the lot of the conflicts down the road Have had their roots into the kind of the disparities and inequalities in terms of opportunities In terms of resource allocation in terms of ownership of natural resources So therefore my plea would be not to take a pillarized approach or a mechanical approach to the broader aspects of Sustainable development but to find the kind of the entry points where you can bring together the different aspects of Sustainability to address them to have the policy implications and so on the second misconception is and You can hear it from different people that we are talking about the SDGs because we want to focus on middle-income countries and the MDGs were for the poor countries and since we have spent 15 years about talking about the poverty and the MDGs for the poor countries the time has come for Talk about sustainable development because we have to focus on the middle-income countries We all know that the majority of the extreme poor people live in middle-income countries 500 million people out of 1.3 billion basically live in India and China which are middle-income countries So therefore when you talk about extreme poverty, this is not an issue or a problem only for poor countries It is as much as a problem in middle-income countries number two if you go beyond absolute poverty and you talk about Relative poverty which is basically inequality Inequality is rising both in India and in China the disparities between the Coastal zones of China and its hinterland is mind-boggling The disparities between Bangalore in India and the rest of India like Bihar or Jharkhand is really serious therefore whether you talk about absolute poverty or relative poverty these are not problems of Poor countries only these are problems of middle-income countries So the when you talk about the SDGs being only for the middle-income countries That is not true when you talk about MDGs only for poor countries That is not true MDGs are as relevant for middle-income countries as in poor countries And SDGs are also relevant for poor countries because we all all know that the climate change The environmental degradation are affecting the agriculture the livelihood of Millions and billions of people in poor countries. So therefore When we bring about those issues the whole issue of poverty they are relevant for the poor countries the third and the important question is Whether there is a tension between Sustainable development and human development and that is something which is discussed in the In the academia in research institutions and so on so forth If you come from an environmental camp you always say well environmental Sustainability is about the coping capacity of the planet if you come from an economic Economist's front or the development front you say well those environmentalists only talk about environment. They don't know anything about development In my mind The human development paradigms provides a broader framework to talk about both human development and sustainable development Because when you talk about enlarging the choices of people You are not only talking about the present generation You are also talking about the choices of future generations So you are focusing on intergenerational choices in terms of providing intergenerational capabilities and also Retaining opportunities for the future generation without creating it whether it is in the economic field Whether it is in the social field whether it is in the environmental arena The whole question of intergenerational choices is very much Within the human development paradigm So in my own thinking the sustainable development is One aspect of human development when you are talking about intergenerational choices capabilities and opportunities and there is no Tension between them as often perceived by many One of the basic tenet of human development is universalism When we talk about choices we talk about choices enlarging in every society for every individual when you talk about capabilities We talk about enhancing capabilities for everyone when we talk about opportunities we talk about opportunities for everyone So the universalism is very much at the center of either of human development as well as the index in The index we talk about Enhancing life expectancy That is valued in every society. We talk about Enhancing knowledge that is also valuable in every society Decent standard of living is something every society every individual wants to enhance there So in universalism in terms of the present generation and future generation is at the very center of the human development paradigm That said I think there are three issues We have to be mindful of as we move forward with the post 2015 development agenda the first issue is that When I talk to different governments different countries different people Particularly in the poor countries They often say that look there is still an unfinished MDG agenda So there is DGs or the sustainable development goal Cannot start from the scratch It has to build on the MDGs the experiences of it The pitfalls of it the failures of it But at the very core of those sustainable development agenda their notion of extreme poverty Inequality and the unfinished business of the MDGs have to be there. You cannot just wake up on the first January of 2016 and say well that was past chapter. That was history. I'll straight a fresh That's not going to work There are at least 20 to 30 countries which have their five-year plans where MDGs are The long-term objectives and some of those plans will finish in 2017 some of them 2020 some of them 2019 They are not going to scrap their plan as of 1st January 2016 and then start afresh. So the unfinished agenda of the MDGs are still very much there Second when I look at our own experiences with the MDGs We see that Even though the MDGs were adopted in 2015 Sorry, 2000 it took five years To basically integrate them into the national development strategies. It took us another five years Till 2010 when we really became serious about it. We talk about MDG acceleration. We talk about MDG action plan but with the SDGs There is no time or Patience on the part of the people around the world to wait for that long to implement Whatever goals we come about so there will be a demand and There will be pressure for the implementation of SDGs as early as possible and that is a Responsibility the international community will have to leave up to The third and the final point With the SDGs is that When I look at the Millennium Declaration and MDGs particularly since I have been involved there the MDGs were basically Formulated by a group of experts But we know that with regard to the SDGs. There have been millions of people's they have been thousands of consultations In different parts of the world through the website Using the virtual Technology so therefore people would like to see The reflection of their thoughts in the post-2015 developer agenda as well as their ideas as to how to implement it So we are talking about a much broader stakeholder in terms of the formulation of those goals As well as the targets and that needs to be kept in mind my final thing is about as I said a kind of a commercial for the 2015 Human Development Report and I will just take a few minutes for that The 2015 Human Development Report the theme of which is rethinking work for human development and Let me make just five points there one We are not talking about jobs and employment only if we talked about jobs and employment that would be more like ILO We are talking about work So therefore the notion of voluntary work the notion of care work that people do within families and Within communities are very much part of it and the care work is important because there is a gender dimension to it the creative work The literature the paintings from which people get satisfaction Which are very much important for enhancing their capabilities are part of that definition So we are looking at work from a broader perspective and it is not limited only to jobs and employment The second point is We think that intrinsically work is human development enhancing Because it provides you with a livelihood to earn a decent standard of living It gives you security. It gives you a platform for interaction with other fellow human workers and that kind of thing Yes, there's a positive linkage, but there is also a negative linkage There are certain types of work which erodes human development the exploitative work the child labor The work of the migrants in different parts of the world Domestic work under certain circumstances Can really erode human human development destroy human dignity and violates human rights The work under very dangerous conditions the work in in different kind of Mining or other places where the worker's safeties are not Maintained can be really detrimental to human development So it is important to look at both the positive and negative linkages of Work in that particular context the third point Women's work are important The gender equality is a critical dimension of human development So we don't want to take a band-aid approach or a after the after the day approach to the issue of women's work and which is changing quite fast and Part of it is as we call it like the a tale of two cities It is a tale of two worlds of work for women the work outside home the work inside home The question is how to balance those kind of things and the question of grass glass ceiling We are one to bring in. I remember that Mrs. Clinton has announced her candidacy. I think yesterday I think in her concession speech in 2008 when she lost it to President Obama She said well, we have could not break the Glass ceiling But there have been enough cracks Because I have got 18 million votes from the Democrats. So they have been cracks So therefore, I think the issue of the glass ceiling and the cracks Have to be part of the discussion for the future generations The fourth point is the whole issue of what I call the new world of work The world of work that I knew my Parents knew are no longer there There's a flexible work time there is a crowd working you don't need a traditional office to do the kind of the work There are different kinds of services that you can have and It is changing very fast using a the internet technology the mobile devices and be the whole issue of globalization and Please don't think that this is very much limited to the developed world of certain sectors. It is not Coming from Bangladesh. I know how the mobile devices and the Grameen phone have changed the Women's empowerment their economic activities in that particular country how they use of Electronic transfer of money through M. Pessa in Kenya has changed these things So this new world of work as we see it in the developed world is moving very fast but the mobile devices and The different kind of technology are also changing the old work of work that we know and We still do not know what are the impacts of those things So we're trying to look at the implications on human development of this new world of work Yes, they have there are positive ones, but there are also negative ones The whole notion of leisure has changed you take vacations You go to a beach on your left side is your mobile phone on your right side is your iPad So that your office follows you everywhere the whole notion of family time Has changed the whole notion of privacy is now different So therefore the negative impacts of some of those things on human development needs to be looked at our final chapter would be on the whole question of what I call Sustainable work and there I'm not we are not looking at only green jobs or low Carbon emission jobs Sustainable jobs are also the kind of the work that the younger generation can have Sustainable jobs are also the kind of the work that you generate in sectors where poor people live Where the work is something to which people can connect to in terms of their creativity in terms of their longer-term commitment in terms of Having a decent standard of living. This is something that we are trying to develop as in any other Human development report there will be strong policy chapters and this is my five-minute commercial on the human development report 2015 in conclusion The post 2015 development agenda Is a historic moment Because it provides us on the basis of our experiences to have a kind of a universal global commitment To the development agenda and the development priorities That we set and we all know that the choices that we make Today would determine the kind of the world that we shall have tomorrow Because in the ultimate analysis Human destiny is a choice and not a chance. Thank you