 Well, my dear students, the course is Labour Policy Pakistan and the topic is kinds of codification. Dear students, codification is the process of stating laws in a code. This is the mode of lawmaking in continental Europe among the civilian systems. Dear students, the model is no doubt that of the codes of the ancient world, pre-eminently the digest of Justinian. Look at Wikipedia. You will find out the meaning of this in detail. My dear students, the idea behind the Cauchy codification is that all the laws in the code making it known to all the people and not just for a trained elite either, which made the idea appealing to the revolutionaries of the 18th century. The codes merely interpret the code which can be altered by the legislature, my dear students. Codes have spread for intellectual reasons in this word, my dear students. My dear students, you would be enlightened to know that the English legal system which has resisted codification may have been tempted in the Victorian era to put together a code of commercial law. My dear students, this very change explains the sale of goods act 1893, partnership act 1890, bill of exchange act 1882 and marine insurance act of the later part of the 19th century, my dear students. My dear students, English lawyers are still resistant to the idea of codification. Law commissioners in Scotland and England are more likely to favour it because it offers the opportunity to make matters clearer outside the legal community and to resolve outstanding anomalies. My dear students, some regularly consolidated statutory areas of law come close to being very complicated codes and example perhaps being the companies act to be a proper codification by dear students and act must consolidate previous statutory enactments and take into account precedents in point. Dear students, code is of following kinds. Creative code, Consolidating code, Creative and Consolidating code. Now let's move on to discuss what is my dear students creative code. Creative code refers to the codification made first time. My dear students, Consolidating code is the sum total of all existing statutory laws, customs and precedents on a particular subject. Consolidating code is not a new thing but it is called Consolidating code. Third kind of code is creative and Consolidating code. Creative means new things, new laws and old laws. Hope you have understood the topic. Thank you very much indeed.