 In this video, we will show you the parts of the nitrogen rack and how to use it to perform a reaction on the nitrogen. The nitrogen rack has multiple parts in it that make sure that it works. First of all, here at the bottom is your connection for the nitrogen from your fume hood. And on the other side, there's the connection for vacuum, from either the vacuum pump or from the vacuum line in your fume hood. We'll go first through the pathway of the nitrogen. So the nitrogen comes in here, and then there's a pressure reduction that makes sure that the pressure of nitrogen is always slightly above one bar, but not so high that it will blow out, blow your reaction. Then the nitrogen will go through this line into this column of P-25 on ice, P-25, with a blue indicator or called C-Ca-Pent. And on the top it's already blue, but on the bottom it's still white. And if it turns completely blue, that means that it won't dry your nitrogen anymore and you have to replace the P-25. After that, it will go through this line into this bubble counter, and here you will see bubbles forming that proves that there is actually gas flow through the system. And then at the bottom here, it connects to this double manifold, which you can connect to your reaction. The double manifold is also connected with an extra pipe to this over pressure valve, so for example if your reaction produces gas, the over pressure valve will release that pressure so there will be no pressure build up in your reaction. The other thing that is attached to the double manifold is your vacuum, so vacuum pump or the vacuum line from your system, and that's on the front side of your manifold. And you can use these tabs to connect either vacuum or nitrogen. So to show how this works, here we have one of the tabs, and you can see that there are two lines. So one that goes, if you rotate it like this, will connect the front to the bottom part. If you rotate it the other way around, it will connect the front to the top part. And if you then rotate one side, it will connect to the nitrogen, and if you rotate it to the other side, it will connect to the vacuum. It's always a good idea to test which side of this tab is nitrogen and which side of the tab is vacuum before actually attaching it to your reaction. And now we will show an example setup with the nitrogen rack in the few months. So here we have our setup, a simple trenec flask with a stirrer and a male adapter connected to the nitrogen rack. And we will show you how to connect this under an atmosphere. If your reaction requires you to do it under dry conditions, make sure you dry your glassware in the oven overnight and leave it to cool down under vacuum. So now we will show you how to cycle the nitrogen vacuum line to make sure that your reaction is properly under nitrogen. So this is the nitrogen rack I just showed you, but now it's connected to the nitrogen from the few months, the vacuum from the few months, and here it's connected to our system. So first we need to check if the system is actually working. So everything is connected, our nitrogen line is on, and the first check we want to do is to see if there's no bubbling when everything is closed, because if it would be bubbling now, it means there's a leak somewhere in the system and you need to get it fixed. As you can see, no bubbling, so our system is now airtight. And to double check that actually everything is working and which side of the tab is nitrogen and which side of the tab is vacuum, we can just test an open line. So first I will rotate the black one down and you see that it starts bubbling. And if I feel with the back of my hand, I actually feel an airflow, which means that the nitrogen is now coming out. If I close the tab, you can see that the bubbling stops. If I rotate to the other direction, you will hear the vacuum and if I put my finger on top of it, it will suck and close. So this is the vacuum. So now we know which side of the tab is what and all tabs are labeled in the same way, so this is also the same way for this. So the black one is nitrogen, not labeled as vacuum. So we have our system and our nitrogen. So now we're going to cycle the system on the vacuum and nitrogen to make sure that all the air in the system and all the moisture in the system is gone. And to do that, we first put our empty flask on the vacuum. So not with your agents in there or solvents in there because they will start boiling immediately if you put it on the vacuum. So don't add any of your chemicals, but first put your flask on the vacuum. The bigger the system is, the longer it will take to go to full vacuum. If you use a pump, you will hear the pump change pitch when it's done sucking the full vacuum. Or you can check the monitor in the house system to see if the pressure is stable again. When it's stable, you can close the tab and slowly open it towards the nitrogen for it to fill with nitrogen again. You don't open it immediately because if you open it at full force, then you have a full system on the vacuum and it will connect to the nitrogen line and it will pull a lot of nitrogen in and sometimes your bubbling will break and the oil will go all over the place. You can slowly open it further. You can see vigorous bubbling now. And then we put it on the full nitrogen until the bubbling stops. If the bubbling would remain bubbling very vigorously, it would mean that there's a leak in your system. And to prevent leaks from systems, the best thing is to grease all your joints to make sure that there's no leaks. As you can see here, there's no bubbling anymore. So there's no leak in my system or very tiny moments of bubbling and it's completely filled with nitrogen. And we'll cycle this another two times. So back to vacuum and when it's at full vacuum, you go back to filling it with nitrogen. And as you can see now, the bubbling almost stopped. So we'll close it back and then go back to vacuum. And when the system is fully on the vacuum, we will do one last cycle and fill it up with nitrogen again. And now we have our reaction flask under nitrogen and we replaced all of the oxygen in there and we can start the reaction under nitrogen and under inert atmosphere. This would also work with argon or other gases that are not normally in air. If you are going to add compounds to your flask, make sure you do always do it with the nitrogen tap open. So that no oxygen can get into your flask. And if during the reaction this white cica-pant turns blue, then you will have to replace the P205. Well, you can't do it during the reaction but when you're done with your reaction, replace it with new dry cica-pant and destroy the old cica-pant on ice, which is also labeled on multiple places on the nitrogen rack because this is phosphoric acid and it will react heavenly with water. So always destroy it on ice and then throw it away. This is how you perform a reaction under inert atmosphere.