 This is the second part of the dissection of the infratemperal fossa Let's take a look at the nerves which are in the infratemperal fossa As I told you the nerve most important is the mandibular nerve The mandibular nerve enters the infratemperal fossa through the foramen or veil and Immediately after entering it divides into the following branches Let's take a look at the first branch the small branch. This is the Buckle nerve the buckle nerve Comes out between the two heads of the lateral teregoid between the upper and the lower head And it runs like this and it comes out on the cheek and it supplies the skin of the cheek is the buckle nerve The next one is the lingual nerve which I have picked up here You can see and if I lift up the lateral teregoid you can see even more. This is the lingual nerve This is a major supplier of the tongue and the floor of the mouth carries common sensation Then we have the inferior alveolar nerve This is the one which runs with the inferior alveolar artery through the mandibular foramen and the mandibular canal and it divides into Dental and incisive branches which supply the lower teeth dental branch supplies the posterior pipe and the incisive branch supplies the anterior Three teeth and then it again comes out through the mental forever and becomes one of the mental nerve It supplies the skin of the chip that is the inferior alveolar and just before the inferior alveolar enters The mandibular foramen we can see it's giving out us another small branch here This is the nerve to mylohyoid which supplies the mylohyoid muscle and the anterior belly of digastric in the floor of the mouth We can see yet one more branch and that is this one here This is the auriculotemporal nerve and we can see the auriculotemporal nerve It carries secretive motor postgangionic fibers from the autech ganglion The autech ganglion cannot be seen here because it is located deep and it is located media to the mandibular nerve But from there it receives fibers which run in the auriculotemporal nerve and the auriculotemporal nerve Then supplies the secretive motor fibers to the parotid gland and we can see that's the reason why we have retained this part of the parotid To show you the fibers from the auriculotemporal nerve Apart from supplying secretive motor fibers to the parotid gland the auriculotemporal nerve also gives a cutaneous branch which runs up like this Along with the superficial temporal artery and it supplies the skin of the lateral part of the scalp in front of the ear So that is the auriculotemporal nerve The autech ganglion is the parasympathetic ganglion for CN9 which carries the parasympathetic fibers for the parotid gland If there is a penetrating injury of the parotid or any surgery of the parotid It can ensure the auriculotemporal nerve because auriculotemporal nerve is supplying the parotid gland And during the healing process, regeneration process The auriculotemporal nerve can establish abnormal communication with the great auriculotemporal nerve which supplies the skin of the parotid In such situations whenever the patient eats the parasympathetic impulses as they are coming through the great auriculotemporal nerve When they are stimulating the parotid, instead of stimulating the parotid, they will stimulate the great auriculotemporal nerve And then the patient can have sweaty of the skin over the parotid That is not a very common condition and that is known as gastatory sweaty or the auriculotemporal or the Frey syndrome So that is about the auriculotemporal nerve In this correction though it is not a part of the infratemporal fossa, but since the parotid is here This nerve that I have picked up here and it is very close to the parotid, the deep part has been removed This is the facial nerve, the facial nerve emerges through the stylo-mastered foremen which is here The facial nerve emerges through the stylo-mastered foremen If I put my finger just here I can feel when my finger is running This is the stylo process and just behind is the master process And so therefore this is the stylo-mastered foremen And the facial nerve enters the deep part of the gland which has been removed And we can see the two branches and then it will supply the skin of the face So this is the facial nerve here though it is not part of the infratemporal fossa Another nerve which is present in the infratemporal fossa But we cannot see is the corda timpani which carries secretomotor fibers to the submanipular sublingual salivary gland from CN7 And it also carries taste from the anterior two-thirds of the tongue that is also not visible here So these are the nervous structures which we can see Now let's come to the venous structures which are present in the infratemporal fossa So let's start off from here again. This is the superficial temporal vein The superficial temporal vein runs with the superficial temporal artery And again it enters the parotid gland which again has been removed And inside the parotid gland it receives this vein that we can see here This is the maxillary vein which trains the pterigoid venous flexors And after that this becomes known as the retromandibular vein. All these things are inside the parotid. The parotid has been removed And to trace the retromandibular vein, retromandibular vein receives this vein here This is the posterioricular vein Ideally the retromandibular vein should divide into an anterior and posterior division And the posterior division should receive the posterioricular vein to form the external jugular But in this case the posterioricular is directly opening into the retromandibular vein And the retromandibular vein in this case is continuing down And further lower down we can see that the retromandibular vein is dividing into an anterior division and a posterior division So this posterior division is the external jugular vein which will open into the subclavian vein And this anterior division is meeting with the facial vein and we can see the facial vein here And once they unite it becomes known as the common facial vein which will open into the internal jugular vein This by the way is a communication with the anterior jugular vein So that is about part of the venous system Let's take a look at the pterygoid venous plexus In most cases the pterygoid venous plexus cannot be seen because it is drained of blood in the cadaver However we can see a few of the venous system One way we can see here this is coming from the deep aspect and we can see a few other veins of the pterygoid venous plexus This pterygoid venous plexus is the venous counterpart of the maxillary artery in the infrared temporal fossa It receives all the veins which accompany the branches of the maxillary artery This pterygoid venous plexus is located in between the insertion of the temporalis muscle and the pterygoid muscles This pterygoid venous plexus communicates with the cavernous sinus by means of emissary veins which go through the base of the skull The importance of the pterygoid venous plexus is because it has got three important communications It receives communication from the inferior of thalmic vein from the orbit It receives communication from the deep facial vein And it receives communication from the inferior alveolar vein which accompanies the inferior alveolar artery So, therefore, infection of the orbit, infection of the face or infection of the lower teeth can spread to the pterygoid venous plexus And from the pterygoid venous plexus, it can go through the emissary veins and can lead to cavernous sinus thrombosis which can lead to cranial nopalities of CM3,4,v1,v2,6 and ocular sympathetic which is known as Horner syndrome So, that is about the pterygoid venous plexus And as I mentioned, the final drainage of the pterygoid venous plexus is the small vein, the maxillary vein which unites the superficial temporal to form the retromatibular vein So, these are the various venous structures that we can see in the infrared temporal fossa And finally, just to complete the story, this is the parotid gland This is the duct of the parotid part of which has been cut here just to make space And this is the other part of the parotid gland which pierces the buccinator muscle to open into the oral cavity This was superficial to the infrared temporal fossa So, these are all the structures that we can see in the right infrared temporal fossa Thank you very much for watching If you have any questions or comments, please put them in the comment section below Dr. Sanjay Sanyal signing out Have a nice day