 Well, my dear students, the course is Labour Policy Pakistan and the topic in hand is distinction between the scenes by ordinary courts and by industrial tribunals. My dear students, in Pakistan there are two kinds of courts. One is ordinary courts and the other ones are special courts. Ordinary courts normally deals with civil and criminal law of Pakistan and special courts deal with special laws of Pakistan. For example, there are banking laws, special tribunals are different, there are tax matters, tax tribunals are different, there are tribunals of anti-corruption, and other tribunals related to other matters are different. Ordinary courts or special courts or tribunals have a common saying that they both make a decision and make a decision according to the law, but tribunals are not part of the court system. Administrative tribunals are set up to be less formal, less expensive and a fastest way to resolve disputes than by using the traditional court system. Now, question arises as to what is meant by ordinary courts, my dear students. Ordinary courts are basically the core of judicial system. They deal with major part of judicial proceedings in Pakistan. Their scope of jurisdiction varies accordingly and considerably. In Pakistan, my dear students, the ordinary courts deal with two main types of proceedings. Proceedings in criminal matters that is regarding punishable offenses such as theft, vandalism, fraud, etc. These courts can impose penalties and are often referred to as criminal courts. Proceedings in civil matters that is disputes between citizen and or business, for instance, problems with rent, a service contract or a divorce, etc. These courts are often referred to as civil courts, my dear students. Now, let's move on to discuss in detail what is meant by special courts. Labour law will fall on those special courts. Labour law disputes will fall on those special courts. Dear students, the constitution of Pakistan authorizes the federal government, the federal legislature to establish special courts and tribunals for dealing with federal subjects. Consequently, several special courts have been created, which operate under the administrative control of the federal government. Dear students, I have already told you that the purpose of administrative tribunals is to make them less expensive, less formal and faster than the ordinary court to resolve disputes. Patience to note, your judges of special tribunals, they are expected to have specialized knowledge as regards the special laws.