 in this module, we will continue type of genetic variations we have seen in the examples of king parrot that in king parrot male and female there is sexual dimorphism male and female color is different because of which they are considered as different species similarly the sexual dimorphism is also found in many other organisms like if we talk about the order of insects in anoptera then sexual dimorphism is present in it for example, African art, dorillus in it, males are so different from females that it is considered as different species even its males are winged and don't look like art similarly, if we talk about the effects then the small wingless females of the effects are so different from the large winged males that they are considered as different species for a long time now we have seen that because there is sexual dimorphism in the organisms their males and females are different so for the taxonomists here a big challenge came that how to identify which male belongs to which female so for this, because to see the males and females of different species are different for example, in the effects or in the groups of the hymenoptera the ecologists have detailed field studies in the fields, they observed insects live and as a result of their field service they noted that which males don't look like any particular female and reproduce with that so the data of the field was collected and after collecting the data of the field they found out which males reproduce with a particular female this means that the female releases some particular pheromones from the body these pheromones attract that male because of which that male goes towards that female and reproduces with that so in this way the sexual dimorphism is a big challenge for the taxonomists so to solve this challenge the naturalists or ecologists they did their important role they did field studies after that, after field studies they observed insects in the live field and after observing they found out which male reproduces with which female and this challenge of the taxonomists helped to solve it