 Abstract type 2 diabetes mellitus, T2DM, is a rapidly increasing global health issue. It is caused by both insulin resistance and pancreatic beta cell dysfunction, which can be treated through targeted signalling pathway manipulation. This review provides an overview of the history of T2DM and the signalling pathways involved in its development and progression. Current therapeutics are discussed, along with their potential applications in treating T2DM and its complications. This article was authored by Rong Cao, Huaymen Tian, Yu Zhong and others.