 This research has shown that graphitic carbon nitride, GC3N4, and graphene oxide, GO, nanomaterials can be used to promote bone regeneration in critical sized bone defects. These materials exhibited good cell viability and hemocompatibility, and induced osteogenesis in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, they promoted the formation of osteoid tissue, mature collaging, and biodegradation, resulting in complete healing of the bone defect. This suggests that these materials may be useful for treating critical sized bone defects. This article was authored by Ahmed Abdel Rahim Sadiq, Mammoud Abdel Karim, Hani Nasa Abdel Hamid and others.