 Let me introduce you our results of our recent work and the sites of the middle of all the region Which are dated to the migration period So first I need to explain where is middle of all the region So the middle of all that region is located on the eastern part of the European subcontinent it is comparatively large area, which is the eastern boundary of this euros and the the west of the region It is framed by a force of Central Russia So this region But the south is for steps and then steps so Middle world is a some kind of transition regions transition transition region which includes several types of our Vegetation zones The relief of the region is more more or less clean Healy healy areas which are Can be used as a boundary or boundaries of the territory so For the migration period in this region About one element of sites which are most of the sites led by sedentary population different different groups of sedentary population Till the recent years most part of these Massive of population wasn't divided into some kind of chronological or cultural groups only for the last 20 years We Get Distinguished several stages and several groups in a almost Similar cultural cultural evidence after all It appeared that this huge message of the patient side could be divided the several several different cultural groups and stages which are not Contemporary in different parts of the region so To explain the cultural dynamics in the region. I need to show you two more maps The northern part of the territory was populated by different cultures cultural groups of comma Finns, which were probably some kind of Primitive agriculturalists and pester Shepherds With a very high-scale Role of hunting in their economy to the best there was a small group of Volga Volga Finns Their economical system was almost the same With the comma So the this group of population was a The descendants of the previous Cultures the descendants of the previous cultural groups in this area, but the migration period in the middle Volga began with a Huge migration of Compared to the big group of population which is represented by About 200 sites And which was probably of Slavonic origin so Some kind of very far east migration of Slavonic tribes At the same time some other groups appeared in this territory And everything was you know Come relating with each other communicating with each other Sophisticated future of cultural relations Then if this Picture was simplified and unified these are moments, of course, sorry for that Was simplified and unified in the later part of a later period of migration Apple so in the fifth and seventh century all these groups came together and Probably were assimilated by one of them and There was some kind of migration within the region when Population moved from Transmolding area playing transform the planes to the uplands and Healy lands on the right So In this case we have Several issues concerning the reasons and the types of migrations within this region Our Investigations provided us with some data concerning the economy economical system and Land use of patterns of this population So the earliest sites of the migration. Yes, I forgot to mention that all this group is Expected to be the first flowing agricultural lists in the region they used Plough shares iron plough shares and so this is one of the most Reach with plough shares cultures of the Eastern Europe at all. So what about 30 plough shares are known from this area? So it's comparatively Large number So the earliest sites of migration period tend to be Situated in flood plains on the banks of small rivers the tourists of very Very Spectacular science I was excavated this year on the Flat plate of Surai river on the bank of former that this channel doesn't exist now But it was this is the map of 19th century channels in the region So it was situated on the right bank of a small river Here there is a Channel The sorry several sections that were made there on the Exposure of the bank Real that there is a very clear dark layer dark dark soil layer which probably Was formed by meadow soils and this layer is full of the Ceramic charts of the fourth century AD we have radio carbon teeth on the opposite side of the river the same Same period look at above it. We have a several illegal sand layers, which are Overlaying these These are the operation in surface even here in the some kind of All the all the depression is filled with it a little set So it is probably evidence of some kind of flood event Which resulted in flooding the territory of the science over these over these meadow soil The upper soil upper meadow soil is probably dated to the medieval war period. We don't know exactly. We just Made it in July another site with a very similar similar geomorphological setting is located on the far to the east about three hundred kilometers to the east from the previous one This site It's an occupation site in the bank of a small river So we made another section section here. This is from the excavation And here in this section we got several occupational layers and the Layer meadow soil another meadow soil is dated to the probably third century AD There are several several other occupational layers mentioned This one place because it is So the results of the analysis of the Comparment of fatalists data from the serverals several services from key needs and other sites there is a group a strong group which is Typical for This one which is typical for forest environment and Another group which is probably more like meadow Environment looks more like meadow environment and the this layers This one is typical for forest environment and this one is for So this In the late later so the earlier earlier periods in Meadow Volga the typical type of occupation was occupation of flood plains and low banks of small rivers The end of the 5th century situation changed dramatically Here are some Geomorphological setting of the typical site of the 6th century AD which is consist of Heel ford on a high The age of high theories And will it settlement occupational site near it the agricultural hinterland It was Served by several By tachymeter data, so according the dwelling pits, they are typical they are typical for this culture This is the map of the site and here is a small year and year Which was not disturbed by later plowing here we took several samples and according to their these samples It looks like a Sweden agricultural hinterland of the site which is full of panic with five leaves and pulling of the city's forest and as well as pulling of some The cereals this is the section from the And so this setting and the high banks of Terrorists and the Gales Became typical for the sites of Middle Volga region in the 5th century AD another example from the side of this end of the migration period Now migration period site is from the right bank of Volga river which is Which has also strong evidence of erosion forced by Iron ore mining and irons melting So at the end these This is the spatial analysis of two groups which Confirms that later sites which has been mainly on the higher bands are quite different in general political setting with a Breathe over the earlier period This is a series of pool indeed analysis and here we have two periods the first one this block is Dated to the beginning of the migration period and the later the next block is for the final final stage of migration period in Middle Volga, so As a can then the conclusion these some cultural traces of Later sites of migration period in middle Volga Shows at the very high level of agricultural and Iron smelting activity for the population of the region So the set of agricultural implements of the later period of Middle Volga population is typical for Agriculturalists they used Plowing and sweeten agriculture at the basis for the their economy So this I I skip this several pictures and go to this one this economy was based on millet production which is This data is concerned by Poland and finalist analysis in this case We can compare the middle Volga middle Volga evidence or the evidence of Western part of East Europe Where the migration period is typical? so the Very important the data is typical for the migration period Typical it is the millet is the main cereal which they used to cultivate So then During the migration period in middle Volga there are two main periods of land use patterns First was based on flood plains exploitation And probably on I'm out of time but the More pastoralist and low-scale agricultural economy, but the the later periods Economy of the later period population was based on sweeten agriculture and high high-scale exploitation of the landscapes which forced to Dramatic erosion processes In season of ballast and so this economy system was very very effective and was effective enough to to lead to a demographic increase dramatic demographic increase in population, but it wasn't it was not Sustainable and After the some kind of climate changes and maybe the beginning of medieval war period it turns to It seems to exist because probably the the German migrations of population according to the Sweden selection system was not Was not possible After some changes in the city's forest zone