 Hello everybody. My name is Sheila Patel. I live and work in Mumbai in India with an organization called SPARC, Mahila Milan and MSTF. Our network in India is part of a transnational organization called Shaktwellers International that works in 33 countries and over 300 cities. Today I'm going to talk to you about the Urban Poor Fund International. This is a program that SDI set up to facilitate the transfer of funds to local communities that wanted to either experiment with a new way of producing services for themselves or representing this to their cities. Be that as it may, it was capital that was not for organizing, but for designing and executing projects. UPFI has been giving money to many countries and for the purpose of a detailed reflection on how we would use our experience of gathering money for capital projects, delivering it to communities and looking at what impact and outcome they had in providing amenities and services to communities. We now want to look at how do we look at all those things from a climate lens to help us sharpen our own understanding of what communities can do in the adaptation space. But equally to suggest to people, both private government and global institutions that give money for adaptation for climate change to seriously consider new ways of giving money to networks of the urban poor to kickstart an adaptation process that allows communities, especially poor women to lead transformation and produce resilience in their own neighborhoods. So this study which we did covered a period of 2010 to 2020 where 11 of the 33 countries received $21 million on the basis of demands created by communities through their national affiliates to SDI. This money was provided as capital that went first in and came last out in case there was any possibilities of getting repayments. But it was given as a grant by SDI and then revolved by the communities on the basis of whatever money came back that could go into the next project. Many of the organizations undertook possibilities of setting up a separate organization that then began to take up construction and project activities while others kept it within the organization. So all told, this $21 million leveraged $86 million from other resources. Many countries were able to access national subsidies that were otherwise unavailable to the urban poor directly. They were able to change policy that produced money for building toilets, accessing water, and so on. And most importantly, it demonstrated to the cities and to national governments that networks that provided solutions were good potential partners. The second very important thing is that just the amount of money that was invested in projects assisted 276,000 families out of which if we look at the Asian context, we have the Philippines and the Indians who are affiliates of SDI that got this money. Between them, they constitute 40%, which is the Indian outcomes in terms of impacting 118,579 households, while the Philippines, which got 9% of the UPFI capital, contributed to providing solutions to 24,897. But these numbers are important because they demonstrate by clear classifications, what were the projects and what was the cost and what was the impact. And you will see that most of our projects are in providing water and sanitation and housing and just gradually and tentatively moving into energy. There's some money that was used for disaster but we find that most of the immediate response to disaster came from the city or local community organizations collections from their neighborhoods. So, the question here lies as to what is the value of understanding UPFI to, first of all, examining the locally led adaptation principles themselves and its financing. And we in SDI believe that the UPFI fund itself can tick all the eight boxes. The money is transparently accessible to local communities that is a procedure. It's patient capital, unlike many organizations which want immediate outcomes for monies given SDI is aware of the fact that there are many blockages for bottom up solutions to become projects. There are many negotiations and therefore it takes a lot of time, so patient capital, because poor people have money, they can go and negotiate and leverage for other monies. The other very important thing is that every single project is generated out of local needs. This is where we find in SDI that our transition from looking at investment for development that we used to look from an SDG perspective is equally relevant in the lives of the poor in producing resilience and adaptation to change. Climate change therefore is the other side of the coin of development action for poor people. Now, we believe that organizations of the urban poor, who have been mobilized over long periods of time have systems and mechanisms that quickly allow knowledge ideas to circulate, not only produce local policy changes to attract resources. But they also change national and global policies, and more importantly, they quickly take these innovations, and they not only circulate within the SDI affiliates, but they also get transported to other institutions that work with us in partnership. Therefore, the talk about local adaptation and its financing has gone on for over two years now. We've been able to get the acknowledgement of the urgent need to pay attention to adaptation and finance it. The question of resourcing local groups to demonstrate their capacity, capability, and to produce solutions that are locally required need global attention, because very often it is the lack of trust between the poor, their city, and their country that stops this flow of ideas and finance to happen. Global finance for us represents the startup capital that we need to demonstrate to local and national organizations that we are good partners and that in the long term, we can contribute to transforming our own neighborhoods in ways that the city and the government institutions cannot do. So we look forward to new partnerships, new alliances to design and deliver finance that will allow poor communities to drive action that works for them and works for the planet. Thank you.