 Every eight years, the mining industry doubles the amount of dirt that it removes from the ground. This is due to the depletion of high-grade ores and easy to process minerals, resulting in the need to process ever more ore to produce the same amount of metals. Additionally, existing technologies are extremely carbon-intensive. Metals improve quality of life, from lightings in homes to new equipment in hospitals, and bringing these innovations to the developing world only further increases the consumption of metals. And metals are critical to many new, low-carbon technologies. Electric cars use twice the copper of internal combustion vehicles, and solar power uses as much as five times the amount of copper as a coal power plant for each megawatt of power capacity. As a result, the metals mining industry needs new, low-carbon production technologies, which can process low-grade ores with difficult mineralogies. Universal bio-mining is modifying existing biological processes used in the production of copper and gold to enable the processing of ores that are currently uneconomic. For example, about 10% of copper is currently produced with biological processes, but this process cannot be applied to the mineral that constitutes 70% of all known reserves. UBM is shifting the biochemistry of this process to enable the processing of this mineral. Similarly, another UBM technology treats contaminants found in many gold ores, displacing roasters that are currently used to process this ore. UBM's technologies will convert many stockpiles and even waste streams into assets, and will greatly reduce the pressure to open new mining operations.