 Hello everyone, welcome to NPTEL course on groundwater hydrology and management. This is week 10 lecture 4. In this week, we have been looking at groundwater data, especially the data that helps us understand the groundwater hydrology and also make models and estimates water budgets for improving the groundwater resource management. We have looked at the aquifer types, the aquifer material, the groundwater level and especially in the last class, we looked at how to differentiate the groundwater level between sites and download the data. Moving on, we will be looking at the resource assessments that have been added into the WRIS website. So what we will be doing is we will be looking at groundwater resources, water budget given by the government data. We will also look at groundwater download data for a particular region and compare the data. There are two or multiple types of scientists or researchers who would like to look at groundwater. Some would look at very deep groundwater and see how it behaves, whereas some would look at one particular well and see the trends how it goes, while others would like to look at the water budget for a region and that is where this tab helps you in the assessment of groundwater resources. So let us start the tab, I will share my screen. So we are back at the main page, we go to water data, go to groundwater data, we already saw the exploration, we saw the water level behavior. Now we are going to look at the groundwater resource estimation. I have clicked it and this page comes up. There are three different tabs within this major website for groundwater resources, you can see GW resources and slowly as per your internet speed the data comes up. You have groundwater resources, just the assessment of groundwater resources, see how the data is populating by use of internet and then the groundwater data compare. Let's start with the groundwater resources and understand what this data is. Your left panel, this panel what you see here always has your menu or your details about what this is. You can bring it down to see if anything you would like to read, zoom in, zoom out the menus and also the tutorial. So I am just showing what are the groundwater tabs that they have and how you could use it for your understanding. You could see here you could make a graph, you could download the data, you can populate the image, make one image and then from the image you can take some data out for example like this. Just make an image and you can put it in your report. So most of these images are ready made for you in the webpage itself and you can quickly use it for your benefit in your reports and research work. There is another way where you can download data and do the research by yourself. You can see like different data you can download, you can compare, etc. So now I am going to walk you through what each one is. So I am going to push this to the side. I have looked at groundwater resources and you could see the base map as similar to the previous base maps. You can pick a background. Here the background would be different. Let us give an example. You could see how the aerial view of the satellites is shown. I will go back to streets for the internet, less internet speed. So that is your base gallery. So the base map which is behind the data set what you can use. Then you have your layer list. In the layer list, because we have clicked groundwater resources, only one layer comes up which is your groundwater resources and then you can print user guide is here. Now coming back, you can select a year for groundwater resources. Let us select one year. The map just tells you different colors but we will get to that after we select one year. The data poplates, you can look for an entire nation which is India or you can go to a particular state. Let us look at India first and when you come here, you could see that the different colors what they give, net, annual groundwater availability. So this is how much water recharges annually and the net after all the other losses, how much is available is the net. Then you have the annual groundwater draft which is how much water is taken out and then which is in green color and then the pink is annual groundwater irrigation. So how much water of the taken is used for irrigation. You can clearly see that these are volumes. So you can clearly see that of the groundwater availability, most of the water is used for water draft which has been taken so there is some difference between the blue and the green and that difference is the net storage or it goes as base flow. Now there is not much difference between the green and the pink especially in irrigation states like for example you have here, Haryana, Punjab, Rajasthan, those regions you would see that the green and the pink are almost same level which means how much ever you take water it is going to be used for groundwater irrigation. So Tamil Nadu, Karnataka, Andhra, Telangana, all these places Maharashtra where agriculture is very, very high. You could see that most of the groundwater is taken and used for irrigation. So let us look at further on the data. So this is the entire country in billion cubic meters. So billion is 10 power 9, you have thousands and then you have the millions and then you have the billion. So billion cubic meter per year. So groundwater draft is given here and your draft also includes here you can see how much is used for irrigation, how much is used for industry and how much annual groundwater draft. So if you add these two this will come, domestic and industry are clubbed together. So let us look at one state Maharashtra for example and then you can select a district. Here there is less districts right now it is just getting populated. You can see now the district boundaries coming out and it can also tell you if the groundwater availability is high and you are taking more water than the groundwater availability then you are actually depleting your aquifer which is red color over exploited. If you are taking around 100% then it is critical and then the semi-critical is 70 to 90% for example if I give you 100 rupees that is your annual groundwater availability and you take all the 100 out then you are critically endangering thus the groundwater. So it is a critical state. Suppose I give 100 and you ask for more, 20 rupees give me more then 120 is above the annual that I can give you which means that is over exploitation you are over exploiting the situation. Semi-critical is 70 to 90% because eventually the 70-90% can become the 90% or 100%. So that is why that is called semi-critical so if I give if I have 100 rupees for you you only use 70 to 90 and then save the 10 rupees then it is a semi-critical. The safe is use 70% and all these numbers are based on a lot of statistics research and they've come up as indicators. So you can see the colorings here since we didn't pick a district the district didn't come and you could see that the district is not populating. So let it go, I'm going to clear it and just keep Maharashtra as a state if it is going to show me any data and sometimes as I said the data is still coming so let it not affect you just for the benefit of people let us do Punjab and then see which district. So see all of them are red and most of them are red. So you could see that they are using the blue is lower so the blue is lower than the green which means of the annual recharge you are extracting more than double here at least you can see here double so more than 100%, 120%, 150% that is wrong that you cannot do. So you have to look at in a very critical angle then you have all these look at this this is very bad right you have coming in for example 30 billion cubic meters coming in but you're using 70 to 80 billion cubic meters which means you're doubling tripling the groundwater use you are actually using the annual draft and also taking more from the storage of the aquifer this is not acceptable in long run because at the end of the day your storage groundwater storage the deep aquifer will also lose it will also run out and you will have zero groundwater for any development. So none of the districts are coming so it's okay let's clear it and let's see which of the states of India in 2020 which of the states are bad and which are good so you can see here this state isn't good because all the blue is up if I zoom in I can actually go into or we can also see it from here this is the total groundwater draft okay and you could see that here the Ariana, Punjab, Rajasthan, Bell the blue which is the annual coming in your salary is only 100 rupees but you're taking 120 rupees so you are depleting the aquifer all these regions Gujarat is okay all these western and southern states are okay still there are some pockets so as a state it is okay but when you go in as districts some of the districts are turning red which means over exploited let's look at 2011 so this is 2020 the data we saw now I'm switching to 2011 you could see like 10 years ago still the situation was bad here but the drafts were different how much water was taken the volume was different and that is where you could use this you can download this data see download data and then you could also look at further more details of the water budget I'll come to that in a few seconds then you can also make graphs and charts for your colorful presentations like this okay they're still updating so you'll have some delay in the data so let's take Maharashtra again you could see that in 2011 okay let's take Andhra Pradesh because easier to see 6.29.7387 so the total annual groundwater draft was 7 billion cubic meters for the state of Andhra Pradesh okay in 2011 so how was that in 2020 do you think it's extended 7 let's think about the number and now it's populating to Andhra Pradesh 2020 is 6.601.030 so the total draft hasn't changed much okay this is because the irrigation pattern may not have changed much the domestic industrial use may not have changed much for example the industry may have changed but they don't give the numbers but for sure the population has increased but we don't have the population data so that is why we don't see a big increase okay good so this is how you could compare between years and then get the data let's take one example in detail okay so I'm going to click Andhra Pradesh you can click the state Andhra Pradesh I'm clicking the map sometimes will also zoom in okay now it's zoomed in Andhra Pradesh and you can see that the districts are also turning colors so once this comes your district names are now populated see now you can select the district so you have to select the state and then select the district to look at the district level changes so you can see here this part around Chittu Chennai is actually turning red which means it is having more groundwater than the recharge so these are the district names you can see all these here and then you can download if you want and then you could see individuals so this is the state right this is the annual draft and then the initial draft I can also click on a particular district the district will be selected here Suikulam and then you have the blocks also so these are the block names you can also zoom into the block I'll show you the first Amandala Vaisala block and there you are so at a block level you can look at it the groundwater draft and then you can come down because now you have a selected for a small area so you can look at what is the annual industrial draft what is the annual irrigation draft groundwater draft also for that particular block okay so the idea here is the granularity can bring you down to the block level you can start at India level look at the data go to state go to district go to block okay and each data you can download for the selected draft and you can also make a graph so here's how the graph looks like and then we can download it per se on how you want the data to be all this is free you don't have to pay anything you just have to download as a student so you could actually go back and say clear so to go back you have to say clear and let's say I'm going to go back to Andhra Pradesh it will zoom in slowly and you see the multiple districts and within the districts the blocks will come so now my my point is let's look at let's I'm selected this as my study area for now now I'm going to look at the groundwater draft in HAM okay so the units would change because it is not billion cubic meters okay it is HAM so what do you see here is a different unit volume okay it's the same volume and you have the district name the annual irrigation draft so you can look at which are the districts that are taking more water for irrigation maybe it is a irrigated district like for example an agricultural district could be there where it takes more water so you can have this as a irrigated district then you can come down and pick and choose which ones you want so you have the irrigation draft which is the biggest and then you have an annual domestic and industrial draft and then you have the annual groundwater draft total so this is in your budget so let me type the budget so what was the budget we had as storage is equals to so the net storage the remaining water is equals to input minus draft or output the input is your recharge and everything so that is already given here in the data as annual available water and then the draft is your portal draft which can be here as it's given here it is a summation of irrigation it is a summation of irrigation and your domestic domestic industrial etc so this is your draft and then your input is your recharge you subtract it you'll get the annual remaining which is your storage okay so now I'm going to take one more district just to show the change let's take one in Punjab so I've selected Punjab Punjab is coming and you can see it's red color what was red you can bring out this legend the dash marks okay what does it say the net available groundwater annual groundwater draft and how much is used for irrigation all you have to say is the blue and the green if the blue minus green is negative then you are depleting the aquifer okay so let's look at it here I'm going to take maybe in one district see what district we can take see the districts has not even changed so we need to select this Punjab and now it will change see now it has changed in Punjab and then etc etc so let's go to Duri I've selected Duri see it is selected okay and you can come down to look at the details of a selected unit so hectare meters it's just an area times a length which is a volume okay not hectare per meter it's hectare meters so if you look at the annual domestic industrial draft it is 5617 whereas the irrigation is very very high and the total is very high 337133 but your total replenishable is only 124192 okay which means you are taking a lot of groundwater data for irrigation because irrigation is the key resource here okay let me zoom out it says please select the block it's still going to underpullation so sometimes there is some you know it does get stuck a little bit don't worry just use your you know whatever you get after you have these non-water irrigation things okay so here let's do it from here let's do Punjab okay I'm selecting Punjab and then your districts will populate okay in Punjab I selected Ludhiana so this district would have come here already and it poplates so what happens here is you are making some adjustments to your selection to look at how much water is available okay and how much groundwater can we take so now it has it has come back up let's see where we have the data coming in again it does get stuck so don't worry about it I'm just going to refresh it so there is okay here it comes so we've looked at the groundwater draft per resource per district and then we looked at what are the groundwater budgets now we look at in the same tab up we have download the GR data I'm going to click it you can select a year say 2020 the recent ones and then select we've looked at Andhra Pradesh so let's say Andhra Pradesh and then we did some district so you can download the whole state so just give download data it'll come and now the districts has come so let's say Anandapura Chittur was what we saw so Chittur okay Tirupati Chittur that area and then you can download the data so you can download the data just straight away just click it and then it'll ask you are your academics where why you want to use it etc it'll be a budget so all the water by the budgets that we spoke about in class your hydrological budgets everything can be done using this data it'll give you a net groundwater budget so I won't just for the internet I won't save it okay the last one we want to discuss today is compare see compare is a pretty useful tool to look at two different years and see how the water has changed okay all I did is I clicked compare on the top you can see here so select first year is 2011 on this side on the left side will be 2011 so what is going to happen is that the image is going to be divided into two 2020 and let's say Punjab and I hit compare okay so when you do a compare now you see how much annual draft has changed okay this image can still remain as one of this draft but you can see that from 0.7 the groundwater extraction has increased to one 1 billion cubic meters per year and then your annual irrigation draft has come down so for some reason your domestic and industrial draft has gone up your irrigation draft has come down the total annual draft is almost equal or I'll say less just walk by 1 billion cubic meter and the rainfall recharge has come down therefore your recharge has come down your met one of the storage will also be affected okay recharge from other sources rainfall recharge recharge from our sources non monsoon all these budgets what I said in the previous four lectures how do you establish the budgets and so all has been done here okay then we have the annual total annual reprehensible groundwater which is 22 530 in 2011 and which is 22 800 0.800 in 2020 you have the net groundwater availability is almost the same you can look at the next so the projection use up to 2025 you could see how much water they want to use in the next five years and availability for future irrigation in 2011 it was negative because the stage of development was very high but in 2020 it is almost positive which is some better meant compared to the previous years so there is some thing okay about this 1.610 then you have your stage of groundwater development as 172 versus 164 so it is above 100 if it is above 100 percent it is red okay so that is why you have a red color in the zoning of Punjab so with this I would like to stop today about this tab that we explained which is getting the data on groundwater resources which gives you the water budget the hydrological water budget for groundwater resources you can do it as country you can do it as a state as a district and even as a block so you will have to be very careful to discuss all this because some people say I don't get data there's no data but government has put a very good website please use the website there are some internet issues sometimes the website doesn't work because of maintenance so don't lose hope just close it refresh it as I've done it or come back in a day or two it will definitely work don't keep it to the last minute it won't work okay so you'll have to spend a lot of time taking the data out so I'm very slowly going in each tab by tab in the class with this I'll stop I'll see you in the next class thank you