 Well, hello everybody. If you're not sitting, would you be so kind as to take your seat? If you would like to take a photograph of my esteemed panel, please feel free to do that now, but perhaps refrain from doing so when we are talking because it may serve as a distraction. Clear your throats so you don't have any unnecessary coughing when we are speaking. And of course that wonderful device, where would we be without it? But if you would be so kind as to be without it for the next hour, I would be extremely grateful. And my name is Zainab Badawi and it is my great pleasure to be presiding over this conversation that we are going to be having amongst ourselves. And it's called creating positive narratives for a global community. And we have a range of voices here who are going to bring you their opinions on this particular topic. And I will also be inviting some comments or questions, so long as they are brief from my audience here, in particular from the young global shapers. Can you raise your hands, young people, to see where you are? I'm raising my hand too. I'd like to be with the young generation. OK, I believe there will be microphones that will come your way when you wish to speak. So thank you all very much indeed for attending this session. And I think that it's a very, very apt topic because of course we are meeting at a time when a lot of people expect tumultuous change that may represent huge changes in the world order as we have known it. Donald Trump seemed to be installed at the White House as said, the kind of movement that brought him to power has never been seen before in the world. And of course he has signalled his intention to shake things up. The shock outcome of Brexit of course in the United Kingdom where I live has also thrown up in the air business as usual. So what we want to do here today is to say the old narrative clearly is being challenged. And we know that there are many people out there who felt that the narrative as it was was not one that appealed to them or addressed or spoke to them about their concerns. There's a lot of fear animating what's going on at the moment. So I'm going to start off by asking you, I'll introduce my panellas, I come to each of them, but I'll start off with you, Charmine Obeyde, who's a multi-award winning. You've got too many awards, I can't go through all of them, we'll be here all day Charmine. But notably Charmine is one, two Oscars for two separate documentaries. She's a documentary filmmaker from Pakistan but she's in fact worked across ten countries. And she won an Oscar last year and won a couple of years before that. One documentary was on the tragic case of women who have acid thrown in their faces. And also the second one last year was for honour killings, which she filmed in her native Pakistan. So Charmine, when I ask you this question, what kind of fears and anxieties do you see in your work, the kind of people you encounter and also your country and your part of the world? And if you could do that in like two minutes, just as an opening statement, I'd be extremely grateful. In the work that I do, one of the things that I found is that people want to take ownership of their own stories, especially young people that I am working with and highlighting the stories. So there are a lot of anxieties, violence against women in many parts of the world has gone up, but so has access to technology and women are now more aware of their rights. You find that in many places that I have been working in that young people are now beginning to break free. So I think their anxiety more so is that will we have the same opportunities that our grandparents did? Are we going to be told what to do by the leaders in the countries that we live in? Or are we going to take our own narrative? Are we going to find a way to tell our own stories, become our own entrepreneurs, break through using the kind of technologies that are available to us? I see less anxiety in the places I work and more hope. Okay, thank you. Ahmud Sarmast. Ahmud, very interesting fellow you are aren't you Ahmud? You studied for your degree in music at the Moscow Conservatory and then you did a PhD in musicology in Australia from Afghanistan and you set up in 2012 the Afghan National, 2010 in 2010 you set up the Afghanistan National Institute for Music and he's got a wonderful body of young people especially who are involved in the institute. I think you've got about 70 people there, right? And you may have noticed on the programme that the women orchestra is here in Davos and they'll be performing for people. And you are very much at the forefront of efforts in Afghanistan to use culture as a way of unifying people and helping create a positive narrative. But just perhaps tell us what kind of fears and concerns you have encountered in your work amongst people. I'm working in a country where music was banned for many many years and the country where the people of this nation has been deprived from their musical identity as well as very basic human rights to express themselves freely through art, culture and particularly in my case music. Today Afghanistan is part of many many positive changes. Still there's a lot of challenges that the young people of Afghanistan facing and especially the girls of Afghanistan facing and the women of Afghanistan. Well there's a lot of wonderful project going on and there's wonderful policies within the government as well as the international community but I strongly believe that we can change the current narrative in Afghanistan through art and culture. Okay we'll hear more about that but you've outlined there a brief thumbnail sketch of just the kind of problems that we know women particularly young women in Afghanistan encounter. Thank you. Christine Lagarde is of course Managing Director of the International Monetary Fund, the IMF. The first woman indeed to occupy that post and she took it up in 2011 after four years as Minister of Finance in her native France but she's very much here speaking as a boss of the IMF. Christine you've talked a great deal in the past about how when we talk about growth and GDP we mustn't just look at the startling figures because you say that you know there is rising inequality and the need for inclusive growth is very important and as we know the Chinese say a rising tide does not lift all boats and so you've talked very much about that kind of thing so now here we are dawn of a new era some people say What kind of sentiment is coming your way? How would you summarize the kind of concerns you see? Lots and lots of sentiments come our way and cross my head actually but you know what I'd like to pause for a second because I've been asking myself what is a positive narrative and what is the global community and I've been thinking about it in the context of what I see as an extraordinary group of people in my institution the IMF who are doing a hard job and yet are totally dedicated committed to what they do and given that narratives are a fairly new concept in economics I've wondered whether there is something special about the IMF that revolves around the mission we have which is about stability about better prosperity and narratives that we have been playing with for a long time without really knowing about it and I think that there is something there where the stories that we have when we assist countries whether we provide technical assistance or have in place a program when it works when there is good ownership when there is partnership those constitutes the narratives that actually fuel the being together of that community of researchers who are driven by a mission and while I think that that works well in house I don't think that we have been doing such a great job outside so sometimes to convey views about where we are heading what is the impact of less trade what will be the impact on jobs of technologies and so on and so forth we need to identify what you define as narratives and I'm very much looking forward to what Cheryl will tell us about narratives because I know that she has researched that particular question Well I'm going to put you out of your suspense then Christine and I should go immediately to Cheryl Sandberg, COO of Facebook of course as though you need any introduction Cheryl but how do you see it then as Christine said What we were just talking about is I've spent the last year along with my work at Facebook researching resilience from both a personal point of view but also a community and a company point of view and it turns out that narratives are a very core part of what creates community and what creates resilience and at first when I started looking at the research I've been doing this research for an upcoming book on publishing with Adam Grant who's a professor of Wharton and here with us at Davos and it sounded so light like narratives, stories why does that matter? Well it matters a great deal because in order to have a shared identity when you're part of a community you're part of a shared identity in order to have a shared identity you have to have some common understanding of your past and some common belief in your future doesn't mean you have to agree on everything, you don't but you have to have a common understanding of the past and a common goal for the future and that's actually what defines and creates a community and then there's this question of resilience which I think has never been more relevant at least in my lifetime because the world does feel so challenging you know how do we create resilient communities how do we approach a world where there are more refugees than we've had even including World War II you know how do we approach terrorism how do we approach divisive politics well we're going to have to find some ways to come together is by being resilient in the face of these challenges and understanding a common ground of where we're trying to go so this this topic of narratives which I originally thought of as so light I actually think is so critical and there's so much so many people on this panel and I think actually everywhere can do to make sure that there is a common understanding not of everything but of the things that bring us together We'll talk a bit more about what we do to promote this common narrative in a moment but just Meg Whitman come to you for your opening thoughts please Meg Whitman of course is CEO of Hewlett Packard Enterprises which is quite different from the HP business side of things the printers and all that and of course you were formerly of eBay another household name you're also a household name Meg so Meg picking up on what your fellow panellists have said how do you see the current climate in terms of finding a positive narrative I think there is no question that we are at quite a unique point in time I've not seen anything like the situation we are in in my lifetime and in order to create a positive narrative as Cheryl said I think we need to understand how we got here and then now what is the narrative going forward and there is many many reasons why we got here I think in many ways some of the chickens have come home to roost and whether that is trust in institutions or economic dislocation that has led to the refugee crisis or economic dislocation that in many regards has been prompted by technology and my view is the changes certainly brought by technology are only going to accelerate think about the technology we have today and add on AI, robotics, autonomous driving vehicles, 3D printing the pace of change is accelerating dramatically so what is a narrative in my view is what is the reason to believe what is the reason that we all come together to do something and then importantly what is the reason for hope and optimism and I think that is the narrative that certainly in my home country of the United States we've got to create a new narrative that is all around what is the right thing to do for our country and how do you restore hope to a number of people that have in fact been dislocated from an economic perspective largely due to technology OK, well you raise a point which Barack Obama did in his final speech as president when he talked about how society in America had become fractured into irreconcilable political tribes as he has put it so that is the climate that we are seeing in many parts of the world obviously in the United Kingdom where people forget only 1.2 million people voted for Brexit more than those who voted for Remain we know that in the United States 2.8 million more voters backed Hillary Clinton than did Donald Trump but obviously because of the electoral college he won the election but it shows you that there are two competing narratives going on at the moment in many parts of the world but I'll come to you first Ahmad because obviously Afghanistan where you're from has had a very violent competition for a narrative of where the future of the country lies and of course I'm talking about the Taliban here who had a very different vision from a large number of people in the country who didn't back what they believed in how do you try to find common values as Cheryl was talking about around which everybody in Afghanistan can coalesce and really feel that it addresses them that's jolly hard isn't it it's true that Afghanistan is still struggling to find a common ground and to move towards progress but in our case I strongly believe that arts and culture can unify the people of Afghanistan and music particularly can play a significant role bringing the youths of Afghanistan together to teach them to consider themselves as a nation rather than being divided within the ethnic boundaries and to move towards progress You honestly think music can change the world? I strongly believe and that's why I left my very comfortable life in Australia and returned back to Afghanistan in 2010 because I strongly believe without investing in arts, culture and music it's impossible to get sustainable peace and stability in Afghanistan and to change the current situation which we are facing right now So you think that the young women girls who perform in your orchestra and attend the institute by doing that it's almost an act of sedition as the Taliban would see it because of course they banned all music you have suffered for your efforts to bring this music to Afghanistan you were the subject of a bomb attack which wounded you but sadly killed seven other people in 2015 was it? 2015? 2014? and so obviously there are people who resist your efforts but how do you think then having girls playing music helps them assert themselves on the social and political agenda and to act as a symbol of girls should have this freedom First of all I just would like to make a notice here that the music school that I established is not only for girls It's a co-education programme where over 200 boys and girls are studying together First of all this co-education programme enormously helps Afghanistan and the people of Afghanistan to tear apart the gender inequality Secondly when I'm talking about music that music can play a significant role in unification of Afghanistan can you imagine in an orchestra when boys and girls are sitting from all over Afghanistan belonging to different ethnic group of this nation listening to each other's melodic lines playing different musical instruments and by the end creating a piece of beauty they're also learning from this orchestra that they can respect each other's differences support each other and by the end live as a nation it's not just that I'm talking about the unification of the country or reunification of the country through arts and culture but also at the Afghanistan National Institute of Music through music and education we are enormously contributing to the establishment of a just and civil society We are enormously contributing to poverty evaluation Can you imagine the boys and girls that are studying in the Afghanistan National Institute of Music they did not have any future if you do not know this programme because the majority of the students are orphans, street-working children and girls and through arts and music we are only also contributing to the poverty elevation in Afghanistan as well as promoting musical and cultural diversity while contributing to the safeguarding of the musical identity of Afghanistan as a nation Multi-pronged success there clearly and I know President Ashraf Ghani fully backs your efforts and you've performed on a nationwide basis and generated a great deal of discussion in Afghanistan and also in the world because your orchestra here as I say is almost a kind of tool of cultural diplomacy Would anybody like to comment on what Ahmed has said here Cheryl you're smiling before I move on or no? He said it all didn't he? I would just like to applaud the point that you made about reconciling genders and not regarding what your story is as only about including women as important as it is in your country but bringing them together and having them create together for the benefit of others I think there's just huge generosity and inclusiveness in your project so I just applaud So Charmine a very clear example there of how music, the arts can help well we heard everything I don't have to repeat it there but your work as a documentary filmmaker you deal with very gritty difficult subjects like honour killings, acid thrown in women's faces that kind of thing I have to put it to you that rather than creating a positive narrative you are obviously doing very important investigative work but one of the consequences of your work surely is it not reinforcing perhaps negative stereotypes for global audiences of what goes on in countries like Pakistan and Afghanistan Well I think that if you keep quiet when you look at an atrocity then you are doing a greater injustice to that atrocity So I look at my work in my films as vehicles to start difficult conversations as vehicles that are used to lobby the government and various people to change laws I've had two films that have impacted laws in Pakistan an honour killing film that pushed the Prime Minister to pass a law that passed a few months ago that makes it almost impossible to forgive perpetrators of honour killings I've had a government that has made stricter laws for acid violence so that women can get justice Now I think that you need to speak up when you see something like that and I think when you talk about negative stereotypes my films are not only about the issues my films are about the people who are working on those issues the doctors, the lawyers, the police officers the men and women who you don't know or hear about so it's all too easy to say sometimes that there is a lot of violence against women but my films show the men who support the women in those difficult times as well and I think that when a law is passed when women get justice far quicker then the negative kind of idea of that is done away with and that's how I believe I think that you need to tell the truth and young people today see through things I mean you can't hide anything today I mean if I'm not going to tell the story someone else is going to tell that story I think it's important to have that conversation and it's much better that somebody from the country in the region who understands first hand and speaks some local languages do that story and you know I'm a huge fan of what you do I was going to ask you this so who is your audience when you're making these documentaries you know what kind of narrative or story which is a different thing I know are you trying to put forward to whom? So when I tell a story it's telling a story my films are shown across Pakistan in community centres and in schools and in colleges and of course I have a global audience and I think when you tell a story it doesn't matter who the audience is you are giving a voice to those people who you are profiling so I don't think about the audience I'm thinking about why I should tell this story why not only the people who live within the confines of the countries I make films in because you know I make films in many different parts of the world but also internationally why people should know about it you know let me just say something storytelling is a very effective form of gaining empathy for getting people to understand issues you know it's in this 24 hour news cycle that we have sometimes you need to pause and hear somebody's narrative hear what someone went through in order to understand somebody who doesn't speak your language may come from a different religion and may live half way across the world and I think documentary films and narratives like that do that Cheryl Sandberg maybe I come to you on this because this question of audiences and we know that obviously websites like Facebook and so on deal with a global audience by and large but when you're trying to put out a narrative or a story different parts of your audience will look at stories in a different way so those who don't know anything about Pakistan may just be viewing various things or exchanging conversations or whatever with people who don't know very much about these countries they're kind of viewing in a vacuum and so part of a story may become the whole story for them whereas those people who have a better knowledge of what's going on in that country can fill in the gaps and just say well this is an aspect of what goes on in Pakistan but I also know that there are some very strong powerful resilient women in Pakistan indeed we glimpse some of those in that particular story but a global audience is not a uniform one really is it Well obviously no one has perfect information but I started my career working at the World Bank on leprosy in India and I saw what is real global poverty I saw children who die of malaria and unclean water why do we let kids die to this day in the numbers they do of unclean water something that's completely solvable and relatively cheap I think it's because we don't know their stories because when we hear big numbers like millions of people die of malaria millions of people die you feel like you can't face it you don't understand it and you can't fix it but I'm such a huge fan of Charmaine's work in her documentaries because what she's doing is giving a voice and a face and I think that's part of what Facebook tries to do in the world and we see this on empathy the best example in recent years is probably what happened to the dialogue around refugees with that one picture of a toddler on a beach he was not the first toddler to have drowned many people including young children drowned trying to escape this war zone but he had a name and he had a face and we saw him lying their face down on the beach and the world responded and I think that one picture gave us energy and so when we think about what we're doing at Facebook and by the way it hasn't solved the problem and we know that but when we think about what gives us energy and we think about telling stories letting you know that there's a face a name, an actual person behind it can be so important and it doesn't fill in all the gaps but it's really important one of the things that I love to look at sometimes when I look at Facebook is we have a site called peace.facebook.com and it shows in real times the connections that are made between historically areas that historically didn't get along every single day in this world two million friendships are formed between someone who lives in India and someone who lives in Pakistan every day now that doesn't mean two million people are forming friendships because there could be one person out there forming a lot of them but that's a lot of friendships now what happens when you see that person you can be in areas that are historically not getting along but what you usually see is someone who looks like you or even if they don't look like you they have a family like you they have a birthday they have a name and a face and an identity and I really believe that when we bring to light these stories and we make this human beyond the statistics beyond the big numbers we make it human that's when we're going to find the ways to come together but I just maybe put this to you though Christine Lagarde in light of what Cheryl has said though you know can you talk of a global community and obviously the IMF deals with the world whereby you can find some kind of vision that everybody can coalesce around a vision for the future based on a certain set of values objectives ambitions that really can be called global especially now when we see you know the political discourse has become very much one where you know we say in the UK yes we have had asylum seekers and refugees come in and however we believe that the rights of our citizens in the UK are more important than the rights of other human beings who don't live in the UK so we're going to be taking fewer people from outside and that conversation is going across right across Europe even Angela Merkel has said never again will I take in a million refugees and so on so how can you find a narrative that is a global one when you see people kind of retrenching and going into their own kind of nationalist vision I think it's a really difficult project actually I was looking at the motto of the World Economic Forum committed to improving the state of the world this is probably something that most people around the world could rally around and then based on that you can probably elicit the narratives and drill it down to the combination of religious, cultural and economic background that people live with grew up with and carry with themselves with the focus on the categories of problems and issues that they have to deal with issues will be different in Afghanistan in Pakistan, in France, in the United States in Japan and yet there will be issues everywhere and how with a common goal and you know I put a big question mark on that because I hope we have a common goal of improving the state of the world but this is going to be drilled down and elicited in completely different shapes and forms depending on who we are, where we grew up what the religious background is, what the culture is what the economic development is as well so while it's nice to think that we form a global community and that hopefully we have a common purpose and goal each and every country economy is going to have its specificities now there are social medias there are wonderful channels that can cut across that but it does not eliminate the different religions, cultures, background apprehensions that we all have with us so I would caution about being sort of so holistic that we deny those differences and you know we as at the IMF where we have to help the entire global community we always have to sort of tailor recommendations, programmes, policies, technical assistance to the actual background of that country and that economy because you don't help a country exactly in the same way using the same tools and the same methodologies depending on where they are the approaches may be different but outcomes will be the same and what everybody all over the world wants is a nice job and economic security shelter, decent income good education for their children and all the rest of it, those kind of aims are universal Meg Whitman, I mean I know you're very interested in technology and we talk a lot about the 4 billion people in the world who are not connected that I suppose is one objective universal one and I know you're very interested in that So I think just for historical perspective when you look at the history of mankind societal change, progress is always a messy thing isn't it it's not linear, sometimes you take two steps forward one step back and what I think about as I think about my role at Hewlett Packard or the role that I play more broadly and what I would say to every leader here is be the change you want to create be the change you want to create because sometimes these problems are so overwhelming that if you carve out something that matters to you that you can make a big difference to that will push the ball down the field and I think we're all interested in improving society and that journey will never end So as I think about technology we have to remember what technology has done for this world it has pulled hundreds of millions of people out of poverty it has connected not everybody but it has connected a lot of people it has modernized things like agriculture, medicine I mean think about what technology has done in the last 50 years Now technology is also creating economic dislocation as I mentioned earlier and I think it's up to leaders in this room and particularly in the technology field which is now how do we help manage the transition of people who have been dislocated by robotics or automation which by the way is a far bigger cause of job loss in the United States than economic globalization How do we help manage that? How do we retrain workforces? How do we pool hiring among many many different companies so that we can provide opportunity for people where they are and I think we each have to figure out what our role is in moving the world forward and I think particularly the arts and film have a very important role to play because you two in many ways are the epitome of being the change you wanted to create you sacrificed to be the change you wanted to create and I think if we all think about that we're going to move together we're going to create a positive narrative but it is messy and anyone who thinks it's not messy you look at the history of the world and it's been messy from time to time Meg, if I could just raise with you though perhaps to not criticisms but concerns that people have about technology Cofiana and the former Secretary General of the United Nations many years ago talked about the digital haves and the have nots and there are still concerns about how technology is fueling income and the income gap and inequalities because it favors the highly skilled and better educated so I mean what's your response to that and then I wanted to ask you another point so I would just say technology obviously has made tremendous changes and force for good because there's as I said so many people have been lifted out of poverty but there is still much more work to do and people think that if you work in technology you have to be very highly skilled and highly educated there are many many jobs in technology and I'm sure Cheryl would echo this but do not actually require even a high school education they certainly do not require a college education or a PhD if you think about service and now the service support organization that we have which is about 20,000 people at Hewlett-Pekard many of those do not have a college education but they have been trained on the job to do very meaningful work that is essential to companies because if your data center goes down your business goes down so there's many jobs I think part of the narrative about technology is you have to have a PhD to be able to work that's not true it is up to us to make sure those jobs are there and then take people who are very bright who've worked in factories or done something and harness their ambition in a new field and that is up to us as leaders and if this election in the United States and the Brexit referendum shows you anything is that we have more work to do to make sure that the technology field embraces more people because it is in inevitable march we're never going back I thought President Xi said something very interesting yesterday he said economic globalization is like the ocean and you have to decide you're going to learn to swim in it because we're never going back to lakes and creeks and we're not going back so I don't know Cheryl if you want to comment on that I do think it's interesting and obviously technology poses huge job challenges but technology also grows non-technical jobs and I think sometimes people don't remember this so the majority of job growth in every country in the world is actually small to medium size businesses not big companies and you know when we think about small businesses who are using tech I think we often think about people who are coding that's not really what's happening that's the tiniest fraction of small businesses there are 60 million small businesses around the world that use Facebook every single month the great majority of those are older companies who are not technical at all using technology to increase their markets I was in Berlin two days ago I went to a store called Holtz Connection they manufacture wooden furniture in Berlin this is an industry that's existed for a long time and they do it in a pretty traditional way the thing they do they could have done decades ago and they did family owned business the father, the son came in, Dennis and he started marketing on Facebook and using online technology to grow and the business was slowly declining since he started marketing online they've now opened, they're up to 17 stores five more in the last year they just expanded to Switzerland and they go to Austria this year and what's so interesting is that their core business is not using technology at all again they are manufacturing wooden furniture in Berlin and other cities that is the story of eBay it's the story of Amazon Marketplace it's the story of House it hasn't been the great equalizer in many ways can I comment on that? because if we can pause for a second you just heard a positive narrative because a lot of the topics at the moment on technology, the breakthrough technologies is about cutting jobs putting people out of place displacing territories and so on and so forth we just heard from Meg and Cheryl two extremely positive narratives one that deals with people who have no PhD who might not even know how to code when they join you and the one about Dennis and his father who have expanded the business simply because they used Facebook well I'm sorry that I'm doing some advertising for both your companies but I think it is really a positive narrative and narratives are not new they're just positive now and again you've got a very effective advertising campaigner there well let's see, let's test that hypothesis or that statement you just made Christine Lagarde and let's see what the young people in the audience say put your hands up from the global shapers survey this was a survey that was conducted last year the annual survey and it interviewed more than 26 give the microphone to that chap there in the smart red tie 26,000 people interviewed across quite a lot of countries and 70% of you actually expressed optimism about the future but just on this specific point of the robots that are coming to take our jobs artificial intelligence and all that are you sanguine about it, are you not concerned? I'm going to take a step back on the 70% and 26,000 people one of the questions was everyone talks about what and how are you going to create the positive narrative but I'm just going to go back on to say the who I mean there's a representation of the global shapers survey but we're not on the platform to actually talk about why we feel that we talked about the what we talked about this exclusion of our generation from every decision maker and platform is actually creating a dissatisfaction amongst us as well if you look at what you talk about Mr Donald Trump or the Brexit happening that's the outcome of exclusion as well we are also excluded from discussions but my question is so let me ask the panel why do you think that so many people feel so positive about the future the positive narrative so positive about the future I am but why is it that can you tell us why do we feel that way you're a young person you should be telling them we're not up there that's why I want to ask people listen you're standing you've got the microphone what more do you want we would want to be on there to actually pardon you tell us why you guys are positive about the outcome and just perhaps pick up the point about artificial AI taking our jobs technology you're not worried no I work I create social innovations in developing countries and see that how it can impact improving lives in education and healthcare so I think that there is an opportunity for us to make and break it it's all about the leadership that we can take on so it can be good but it can be great as well to deliver healthcare education to the poorest of the poor in my country and you know what I'm going to give the microphone to another young person just so that he doesn't say to me you're excluding us from the conversation who answers from that global shapers thing let's have a female this lady here in the black and white dress very fetching, thank you hi my name is Amantouan Qumalu and I'm a global shaper from the Swanhaven South Africa my question I'm excited for something that I wanted to raise but I think the second bit is something that you raised to make this idea of young people sort of being the cheese that they want to be and even I suppose the older generation doing the same but I want to pose a bit of a challenge I mean often times when we say that or when I hear that from an older person my immediate response is I live in a world where there are structural challenges that you as a person in power can essentially face so saying that I need to be the leader that I want to see which I'm already doing doesn't quite address some of the structural challenges so I think I want to ask a question to the panel about ways in which those who are in power create structural challenges and sometimes even maintain them to sort of maintain the status quo and unopening up spaces for young people and even young women in particular all right which old person which old person would like to answer that can I just say something being the youngest on the panel closest to the millennial that that you know a few weeks ago I was travelling up north in Pakistan and I met this young woman and she knew how to read and write and she said that her town hadn't had any cable television suddenly there was cable television she was watching Master Chef Pakistan and she said right I want to be there I want to go on Master Chef Pakistan the only problem was that she had to go online to fill the application something she had no idea on how to do and so she asked her brother to teach her how to do so entered flew to another city entered one was runners up and all this time that she was doing this she was teaching herself through the internet going on to recipes, learning things and what she said to me really struck she said no one is going to help me I am going to have to help myself and now she's come back to her small town up north and she's going to open Chitral's first family run restaurant and she's going to employ other men and women and this is a young woman who six months ago didn't know how to use the internet so I think the millennials today are not going to wait for other people to come forward I think many of them are going to use the internet to empower themselves to change their own narratives so that's your answer you have to be a self starter do it for yourself you happy with that? you're not happy with that? okay give her the microphone back please we'll find out why she's not happy with that answer so the reason I'm not happy with it is if you're one of the few who actually manages to teach yourself how to use the internet in six months you get exceptionalised so here she is you're mentioning a story on a global platform and the idea is to give hope to other people that if you work really hard then you can make it except that's not the case for the majority of young people so those of us who are here it's great we're able to work hard and we're here but the reality is the glass ceiling could probably be lower if there weren't structural challenges and I think it's not that we don't want to work a lot of us do but how can people empower actual leaders deal with structural challenges that young people face and not that we don't work which we do as we're demonstrating in this meeting so I think for me let's not take the outliers and create a case study for them being so exceptional that isn't in my case a particularly progressive way of thinking just very quickly what are the structural challenges in your view that prevents you from occupying the space you wish to so I don't have those structural challenges currently because I'm here I mean I'm a trainee so for those who are not here so for somebody who's probably growing up I come from a township in Emdenu, Soweto and South Africa there are young people who live in houses that don't have water and electricity and they're expected to compete let's say for jobs the way that I'm expected to compete I live in a household that have running water and electricity and all those resources and other people don't So you want to answer that Ahmad and then I'll come to you Christine I agree here that while it's the responsibility of the young people it's not fully their responsibility to stand on their feet but while they're just beginning to learn how to walk and how to step it's also our responsibility to be next to them and to teach them how to take the next step and how to move for the Afghanistan National Institute of Music also while I'm drumming up a lot about the Afghanistan National Institute of Music we are also in such a situation that there's no much opportunities for the girls there's no much support for the disadvantaged kids in this nation and that's why we are giving this wonderful opportunity and trying to give them a prosperous future through arts and culture and music but also we teach them to become the leaders of the tomorrow's Afghanistan and that's why if you see many of you will be probably witnessing there after tomorrow when two young girls from Afghanistan who belong to totally different ethnic groups of this nation two ethnic groups which have been fighting each other for generation and centuries from two totally different perspective standing in front of an orchestra and leading a young Afghanistan in one of the most important stages around the world that's the result of the work and the opportunity that we created for them but it's themselves at the same time working very hard putting a lot of energy not only to prove themselves but also to inspire others you've got the same answer again Christine Lagarde I try to go back to what we can do to help people in not necessarily your position today but people from the township where you said that you grew up and I think that from an economic perspective it requires the courage of policymakers fiscal resources that have to be made available by appropriate public finance management determination to collect taxes to spend money properly and not on corruption but also the desire to provide better opportunities and reduce inequalities so those are big words but they have to be distilled into actual programs I'll take one example which I think to me is inspiring and nothing is perfect in this world but clearly some of the systems that were put in place in Brazil or in Mexico to encourage families to send their daughters, their children but their daughters in particular to school to be educated rather than kept at home to fetch the water, get the wood and cook and do things that were not taking them anywhere those programs, Bolsa familiar for instance were efficient in order to improve the education level of those girls it takes many many steps to travel that journey but they have to be taken in accordance to that approach We'll just take a couple more points from the floor and then we'll come to our closing remarks and then we'll go to the young lady not too long please be grateful I have a global shaper from the Chicago hub I run a company called Telehealth Robotics and we build robotics to do remote medicine so to your point Meg we're focused on an issue that I care deeply about enabling remote medicine to solve the healthcare access crisis but we come up against structural challenges and the ones that I would say we face are more on the regulatory side which I know Facebook faces HP faces a number of technology companies face so I would be interested to hear the step-wise approaches that you take to build adoption in the communities that you the regulatory communities also with other communities that are not so interested necessarily in bringing in new technologies because what we see is people are worried about the encroachment of technologies like ours on their job opportunities and also on their acumen and the narrative that we always try to share is that there's a lot of opportunity for technology to augment the capabilities of highly skilled individuals and also to extend the reach which is what we focus on doing for healthcare ok thank you last point from the floor my name is Adam Getty and I'm actually a technology pioneer here with the forum and I wanted to address the young ladies question specifically from my perspective which is the structural challenges I've seen working in technology aren't the democratized access to information or hardworking young people wanting to do hard work it's the ability for them to allocate their time to that hard work so when you're trying to figure out am I going to get clean drinking water today or do I have to walk 4 hours to go get it and come back or whether or not I have a bed to sleep in tonight even though you can be a hard worker you can't apply that hard work towards the projects that are actually going to lift you from where you are to where you want to be and I think the one thing everybody in this room and a lot of the organizations represented here on stage are doing a lot of is trying to find ways to leverage technology to give the part of the world that hasn't yet achieved kind of command of their own time that time back and then they can use that time to actually go to where they want to be and water.org who's here this week doing some great work they produced a great story around that where giving just 4 hours a day back in a young girl's life allowed her to go from having no future outside of working in her village doing that with her community to now she runs a clothing business because she was able to take those 4 hours a day and learn a new tradecraft Thanks, thank you for that contribution We'll have 5 minutes left so we'll just come to our closing remarks you can incorporate any of the points on the floor that you've heard but just before we do that very quickly Cheryl Sandberg I have to ask you obviously in creating positive narratives or even accurate narratives there's been a great deal in the press of course about fake news and how that's appeared on websites like Facebook and so it is incumbent on you isn't it to ensure that you don't have the provenance is doubtful to put it mildly but often it is stuff is being put out that's got a rather sinister agenda which is working directly against trying to create a meaningful global conversation of the kind that you talked about that engages an Indian citizen with a Pakistani one We know that people don't want to see hoaxes on Facebook and we don't want to either because we know that we're taking a lot of steps including helping people report more working with third party fact checkers to get the hoaxes off and importantly taking away the financial incentives for spammers which is really where a lot of this lies so we do have a responsibility and we take it really seriously I met two people in the last two days one in Berlin and one in Paris and this will be my close but young man named Asim he was a math student at the University of Damascus the war broke out he volunteered as a paramedic he lost his leg in an ambulance he is now walking around on a 3D printed prosthetic and now he is living in Berlin teaching robotics to other Syrian refugees at the digital school Facebook opened in partnership with NGOs Monday and yesterday he met a man named Antoine Lyris a journalist in Paris and he lost his wife in the Paris attacks of November 2015 and he went on Facebook and he posted one of the best posts I've ever seen which is he wrote, you took the love of my life and you took the mother of my children but you will not have my hate you will not have my hate I will defy you every day with not giving into hate and not giving into violence and not becoming a terrorist myself my 17 month old son will defy you with his laughter and his joy and so there is this opportunity to find who we are and how we share that's a very nice narrative from you there to end your contribution Christine Lagarde very briefly all of you just 45 seconds 45 seconds because we are quite often inundated with negative narratives I was myself really encouraged to see the global shapers survey and the fact that 70% of you are positive and I think that we have to bring you in we have to give you space you have to be part of the story because if we cannot be positive in our narratives you will help us be a bit more positive so I think I would encourage that very strongly and we are trying to do that at the IMF I have little stories but not enough time to tell you Thank you Ahmood you've talked about your music but just one parting shot here final thought on positive narratives for global community Can it be done? Yes I believe that our school will be an example of how we can use music to empower young generation and also create equal opportunity while being committed to diversity Thank you Charmine The stories of local heroes the men and women who don't make the big headlines that's one way of encouraging hope amongst people and ensuring that people walk in those footsteps and that's some of the work that I've been doing and I hope to continue to do Final word Meg, thank you So I think we do live in very challenging times unprecedented in many ways but I also think you have to have the historical perspective that there is probably no better time to be alive in the world at this moment and I think the future if we band together is very very bright and each and every one of us has the responsibility to do what we can do to make the world a better place Well I think that's one of a positive outlook for the global community we have a panel that's full of captains of hope and optimism I hope we have inspired you in some way to carry on with project positive Thank you very much indeed to my panel thank you to the audience It's been my great pleasure to be with all of you from Misenia Badawi, thank you Have an enjoyable World Economic Forum for its remaining days, thank you