 This is not one. This is not two. This is talking about this is talking about human lives and it is not only men, but it includes women and children. And they actually said that it was, they said it was a problem. This is a man who came to us, he came to us every night, he came at night, then he accomplished it. He came and told us that he was involved in this and that he was involved in that. He explained to us that he had done his best and he told us that he did his best. He told us that he had asked us about, what kind of a person is he? Kill the man, kill the pig, kill the dog, kill the banana, kill the pig, kill the pig, kill the pig, kill the pig, kill the dog, come up, disaster come up. You know I want to send the biolusion. Destroy me because I want a map that is not fighting and several come up or so. They said, people at something in good economic, we are seeing a lot of people, yeah? We call it tribal fight, but for me, for me it's small scale war. It has the same damage to the area as anywhere in any other countries. They bend the house, the first thing, and then the second thing, they chop all the trees, the bananas, the food gardens, the cask crop plants like coffee, bananas, everything. They destroy water supplies, even they bend down schools, they bend down churches, even the clinics. When they engage in battle and they're shooting guns at people dying, they input total destruction, anything that they can destroy. Total destruction is there. Obviously, there's a big loss of life. There's a lot of properties that are damaged. There's displacement of hundreds to thousands of people from the villages that are in conflict or the tribes that are in conflict. It has a major impact on communities up in the islands. I think one of the big factors in modern-day PNG is there is a push for access to more resources, especially up in the islands where the bulk of PNG is eight million people live. When you have millions of Papua Nguyenians living in one part of PNG, having less access to land, less access to agricultural land, less access to water, these are triggers for conflict. People would resort to tribal fighting as a way of ending conflict or grievance between individuals or between groups. And usually after fighting, people resort to establishing some kind of peace. The common expression is you pay compensation. Compensation is a ceremony. It's a way of exchanging things, just to re-establish a good relationship. After peace, like two, three years of peace, a fight flares up. It goes back again. So if you observe the whole event, the special activity of this community for about 20 years, two decades or three, you will find that it can be interpreted as a cycle. People just go around. Peace, war, peace, war, peace, war. So the scenario now is when conflict happens, there's no time for communication. There's no talking at all. Conflict happens, extreme violence, confrontation. And when you think that violence is over, it prolongs. When you have a break in violence, it's because people are waiting for armed supplies, reinforcement, money, someone to recover, something is happening. Then when the opportunity comes, they're striking again. Somebody's getting married here. There must be everywhere. So really there's that cycle of violence that keeps on going. When we have bows and arrows, only one dead and then compensation finished, now 10, 15 whole tribes nearly down now. And we are losing this generation of young people now in the tribal country, just shooting them. Now they are shooting pastors. Before, they fear shooting the pastors because they preach the word of God. Now they don't care, they shoot pastors. Through the past 15 years, I am seeing influx of gun is very serious. And if we continue this phase, I think our society will be not the same. We seriously saying that. The use of guns for tribal fighting, for custom work, for intimidation in the highlands is prevalent. In fact, it's out of control. It's a serious concern because that's where 80 percent of the population of Papua in the highlands. We know for a fact that every tribal fight, guns are used. Every roadblock, guns are used. Every murder, guns are used. And we know that during elections, guns are used to intimidate, to harass or even to murder opposing people. And we are very, very concerned. Before, all these are used in Bunara. I don't think it's a good idea to use guns, because I'm using the Bunara Nespia. And now white man come here. All he got is a machine gun, a shotgun, a pistol, a boost knife. Well, I'm not really a good person, but I don't know if I've ever been to the Saberle. It's first time we come to Santerine because it's a factory. You know I know. I'm not sure if I've ever been to the Saberle in the past. I'm a part of the first time we went to the Saberle local location. And I'm not sure if I've ever been there. I've never been there. We have installed money now. kimsein vaa vaquattai directa. The government manages the North Sea bay and is already building the Tes alarms for the end of the night. If you leave, there's no one here, and if you go, you won't get things you think will well. If you leave, you won't get anything, and if you go, it will work. Women and children are very, very, very badly affected. They are not involved in these sort of fighting. It's not of the doing, but they have not necessarily got through a lot of unnecessary pressures and a lot of problems. They have been made to run and go to live in other places where they are not even used to. Children, they miss out on education. They miss out on good food, good rest in houses. And women are put under a lot of pressure because they have to take care of the kids. Because the men are fighting, they have to feed the kids somehow, which is where they find food, they have to find it. They have to cloth, they have to take care of the little babies and they have been put under a lot of stress. Women and children are very, very, very badly affected. It's very hard in here. People live with fear when there is a fighting. When there is a fight, sexual violence, rape increases. Because enemies are attacked in the women when they come back to the garden to look for food. When they go there, the enemies come and attack them, hold them, kidnap them, and rape them. Because enemies, like, they don't care. So they will still, no matter you are a woman or you are a small girl or you are a mother, they will still attack you. I love the fighting sport. When I train, I love I love sports. If someone come to this sport, I get hurt in my opponents' run, In the friends' games this sport is a mess And in disputes I get hurt. I love these women, and in fields I tear themselves apart. In this hospital we see everyday victims of tribal fights, Yeah, but depending on the days, sometimes it's just small cuts. And other days, people are being chopped to death, that they actually already arrived at the hospital, or sometimes nearly death, and they more or less die on the spot. And sometimes, yeah, still save a ball, and then we can actually make a difference. We had about a month ago two children, one seven, the other five, and they were just both shot, because yeah, that's going to be the enemies of the upcoming ten years. So it seems to involve everyone. We have nurses in the hospital who have nothing to do with the tribal fight, but because they live in the middle, their houses are being burned down. So I think it involves the whole society and all the people from young until old. When you have tribal warfare in a province or in a certain town, you will most likely not have a functioning education system and a functioning health system. So it is always, the tribal warfare has also had an effect on delivery of basic government services. There are places where there are no functioning hospitals and schools, simply because people are always fighting each other. These facilities under the Imbungu Paheralji, it saves eight to nine thousand total population. We provide services like minor surgery, eight missions. We do outpatients. We do mobile clinics, deliveries, and a lot of services we provide a day. This facility has been closed for some time after the fighting. What happened was that during the fighting, the opponent side, they came in directly and they destroyed all the facilities here, the buildings, the equipment, the medicines that we have. Even the officer that changes him so he's out. So we can't even... As an advisor, I can't even help. The load has been damaged. I don't have money to even rebuild or build a structure again. I mean, do maintenance and all this. So it's helpless now. You see the road condition is very, very terrible for the cars that are travelling, buses. So no choice. They need to take a walk either by boost tracking or along the road. In my area, we were warned not to treat the other... the causality of both parties. Because if we do, they'll come after us. If we treat the other side, then those ones will come again and they will question us, why did you help him? Or why did you help... or so on. Because they want the other enemy to die. The lives of the health workers working out there. We are in a risk, but I'm not so... whether this will continue or this will end. You see in this area, large displacement, destruction of property, private property. People are losing access to the health care. Children are losing access to the schools. They bring... when they flee, they're normally being hosted by the relatives or neighbours. And this brings additional problems to the house families also. Three of us, two of us, my mum and brother all sleep in this land. I sleep in this land. I sleep in this house. I sleep in this house. I sleep in this house. I sleep in this house. I sleep in this house. I don't feel right. I don't sleep in this house. I sleep in this house. I sleep in this house. See, it is unfortunate that a lot of the tribes in modern day PNG do not see, you know, the land court, for example, or even the court system, you know, as an avenue in which they can be able to address some of the grievances over land custody. People don't know where to raise their complaints. They go through the mediation, and when they go through mediation at the village level, people take sites where people are not happy with the outcome of the mediation. They start taking actions, and that's how it starts off. If we continue to live like that for the next five, ten years, we will hear that one claim will wipe another claim with arms, and that will happen. Only we have good law and order system in place in Hela, and then I think the fighting will stop. If we don't have a law and order system in place in Hela, I think then it will... Because now people are don't listen to the police. Police, they are saying, you have gun, I have gun. Who are you? Possession of firearms is widespread. It's quite difficult to deal with it. And it needs an extended sort of operation to retrieve firearms, meaning you have to have enough resources to cover the whole area. We realize that if there is a conflict and the police does not deal with it, then obviously the person, the victim, tries to retaliate. And that's where conflicts escalate because the families get involved and eventually the entire tribes gets involved. And so I think the best thing is to have police support. If the government does support them well, I don't think it will escalate to an extent that will claim lives and cause such massive unwanted destruction. We provide assistance to the direct group teams, meaning that we provide, we distribute essential household kits to the affected families. We try to respond as soon as possible because we know that the most difficult period is right after displacement. Then we try to rehabilitate the healthcare facilities that have been damaged during the tribal fight. And we also support the National Society by providing technical support, trainings and also sometimes funds when they respond to the tribal fights. And we do also rehabilitation of infrastructure, damaged infrastructure during the tribal fight like water supply, sanitation. We also have a very useful tool called the drama show which is performed by the professional actors. They imitate the situation which provokes the conflict. They do it in front of a big audience. Sometimes we do it at the marketplace. And then at a certain point we stop and we ask people what is wrong in here. And then people are quite actively involved in this. It makes people understand that sometimes one simple step may prevent a big fight to happen and it may prevent hundreds of people displaced and hundreds of houses destroyed. It's a very easy way to understand and to pass our message not to target women, children, not to target civil infrastructure and the healthcare facilities in schools. Before I started the last time I had a heart attack. I had a heart attack. I had a heart attack. I started right. When the fight was over I had to go to the hospital and I had to die. I didn't know what I was doing and what I was doing. Once I was done with my health I had to go to the hospital I had to close the door and I was also a mother of three. I had to go to the hospital because I had a heart attack. I had to die. I was left alone. Different actors in communities have roles they are playing but they are isolated. It's not being coordinated. The health people can do trauma healing. The police can do their job. Education divisions, the schools can do peace education. The pastors can preach about peace. So many other things can be done. If all of this can be coordinated, health can change. I think it's very important to provide good support to the educational sector. Peacemakers, different programs, different tools, different structures that will help people to find ways without fighting, to solve the problem without fighting, without the war. I'm a travel staff. I don't go out and make walking mouses. I don't go out and make something out of it. I'm a staff member. I don't go out and make something out of it. I'm a travel staff member.