 OK. Good morning. Can you hear? Good morning. Good morning. I hope last night, good sleep. I always, nine hours sleep. Always. I think the other day, I mentioned. One my friend, Indian politician. Once I visit East India, he joined. And within few days, we become very friend. So one day morning when we met, he asked me about my sleep. Then I told him, I have no question. Always nine hours sleep. Then few hours meditation. So that's why my mind becoming more sharpened. So I can cheat other people more easily. Then we both were laughing like that. So his response, he only fast asleep. So he cannot cheat other people. So again, we met, I very much sort of appreciate our discussion continuously, okay, yes, now start or talk. Your Holiness, it's a great and very distinct pleasure to have the opportunity to be with you again today. We're so pleased to welcome everyone to the second part of our conversation with this Holiness, the 14th Dalai Lama, and with the USIP Generation Change Fellows. This very special conversation is being co-hosted with Radio Free Asia, and we want to thank Calden for this partnership that has gone on now for several years, and we hope will continue for many more. The theme, Your Holiness, of today's session focuses on education for the heart and the mind. We're delighted to present five young peace leaders from around the world, who with your permission will be engaging with you. We're very happy to have Sophia Santi from Venezuela with us, Fatin Halifala from Tunisia, Nicholas Sangora from Kenya, Tonya Rosa from Colombia, and Sukhana Hania from Morocco. Your Holiness, before we hear from our youth leaders, we would be honored to hear from you on the theme of education for the heart and the mind. Although I think people notice the past several centuries of conflict, killing, something more or less usual within my own lifetime, first world war, second world war, you see people consider something normal, some relevant for national interest, and for that reason they spent a lot of energy making weapons, including nuclear weapons. Now that thinking seems to now change, so we were now thinking more seriously about genuine peace, and also you see people realize each individual nation, each individual country is in their interest very much related with whole global sort of level economy, so that's a big difference in early part thinking your own country, your own area. So if necessary, start war violence. Now today things are heavily interdependent, interconnected, so global level, the war is not relevant, only through talk, through negotiation. So within my lifetime, the world sort of was the people's thinking, I see some change. So now we should educate our younger generation. World changed. So now the realistic way is coexistence and helping each other, talking about global or the level, so no longer relevant my nation, my country. So the coming generation, I think through education, you see study or lesson about previous war story and how to develop weapons. Now these I think now are less important. Now we should educate children. We should think how to develop genuine world peace, the individual nation, thinking their own nation, and for that whatever method they use, that thinking is outdated. Now younger generation have to think world, global level, humanity, and then on top of that now the global warming, that also new problem. So now our younger generation now should think more broadly, not thinking, repeating past story or say past experience. So perhaps if I may, if may I say so, my age quite old, but witness, yes, first world war, second world war, all these things. Now I realize we have to think about global level issue and humanity rather than my nation, their nation. So I seriously thinking about global level and oneness of seven billion human being. So with this belief, when I came to India, you see, not much serious about the sadness of feeling. Of course India prepared a special sort of spiritual connection or that's exception. In any way, when I reach India, an opportunity meeting with more people, with concept oneness of seven billion human being. We, everybody, when we now for example, I think I already mentioned in case you are lonely, you see, walking, then near sight one human being there, at that moment you really feel desperate. So you see, no time to think what that person, what country, what religion, these are secondary. We simply, you see, as soon as we met, we say, because we saw one human being, we feel happy to shout, how, how, how, how. You see, no longer thinking what is their nationality, what is their religion, what is their races. No. So now situation is something like that, entire human being, we should consider we all same human being. We have to live together on this planet. Then on top of that, as I already mentioned, the global warming is serious matter. So now my nation, my country, that is too simple. Now we have to think about humanity. So according to my own experience with the firm belief we are same human being. When I visit different country, different religion, even different color, I feel we are same human being, unless you see human being third eye or something different, then I may feel, oh, there is something different. Otherwise, we are completely same. Then global economy and also the global warming, due to these things now, we have to live together happily, helping each other. So I always try to promote concert oneness of seven billion human being. Look back past history. It is enough, too much emphasis, differences and problem, enough problem. Now time comes. We have to think more or more wisely. We are same. We have to live on this planet. So as I already mentioned with this feeling, wherever I go, I always smiling, smiling, smiling. I always feel we are same human being brothers and sisters. You see, small differences are not a big major thing. Different religion, different color, different country, a secondary. So with this feeling, wherever I go, I always feel we are same. Same human brother or sisters. So now, our younger generation, through education, we should emphasize we are same. We have to live together. Now thinking violence, war is outdated. Now future generation must think we have to live together. We are same human family member. So that I feel in education. I think although this is some religious text. You see, mentioned entire sentient being, entire humanity. Meantime, more detail than still. For example, I am Buddhist, we Buddhist, we Christian, we Muslim, we Hindus. So these now in modern education, we must emphasize oneness of seven billion human being. And one urgent reason, reason is global warming. There is no exception. This nation, that nation, people who believe in this religion, that religion, like that. So now, our younger generation, through education, should contribute more, more sort of wiser like that. And now, scientific research also now shows peace of mind, very important. So the individual peace of mind very much depends on the community. Community, more peaceful, loving kind sort of community. The individual mind, more compassion, more peace. So now, I am hoping through education, coming younger generation, now should not think about past. Should not repeat about past. Now should think according new reality. So oneness of seven billion human being. And also global warming or these things. So that I want to share. Now some questions. Your holiness, thank you for showing us in your comments, the link between peace, a peaceful mind and the way that education can lead us to both. Thank you also for inspiring us with your optimism. That we are moving from a singular focus on national interest to a deeper, more humane focus on our interconnectedness as one people. We appreciate deeply the sense of urgency that you spoke about how important it is now with so many threats to the planet to the world we live in, that we work together in our interconnectedness to bring peace everywhere. We were inspired deeply by your wisdom. So oneness we would like to present to you first Sophia Santi from Venezuela with her question. You're holiness and honor to be in this space with you. I am Sophia Santi from Venezuela, and I studied my bachelor's degree in liberal studies in a private university in Venezuela. My bachelor's had decades of experience and are even published authors. So it was common to see many faculty constantly boast their curriculum. One time during my classical philosophy class, our professor was lecturing on the ancient Greeks. My friend who was very interested in the topic and even travel to Greece to learn about the civilization, as the professor a question. My professor didn't know how to respond and clearly felt threatened by the student. So he proceeded to diminish her intervention and said she didn't even have any authority on the subject. Of course this clearly affected her self confidence, and she even thought of dropping the class because the professor made her life impossible. So my question to your holiness is, if you have the opportunity, what would you say to that professor. I think simple answer teacher sooner or later have to go. So younger students, there are future in their hand. So therefore there is no point to neglect or to look down on. So even selfish viewpoint, the teacher when they retired, the previous student, if they say, oh our teacher, wonderful teacher, add more greetings, more sweets. That teacher must be happier. On the other hand, the teacher when met his own student, then the student is seeing negative eye like that. Then the teacher, although no longer in classroom, but still because of past experience, the teacher, the student, when teacher go one such one street, previous student avoid. Then naturally the teacher feel unhappy. So good relations teacher and student, very important whole life good relation student and teacher, very important. For that the teachers not only teaching the subject, but also the attitude really showing sense of concern of the students future. So more compassionate mind attitude than the good relation student and teacher remain. So my own teacher occasionally more serious face show, but basically very very close. So still although my teacher already passed away, I remember the face of my teacher, they very very kind. So close relation teacher and student very important. The teachers also the teaching subject, you see become more deeper level for that reason also respect trust very important. So some sort of question from student looks a little silly, but you should not show or this silly should not show that way. We can't blame. They are young and their mind very open. So they all sorts of questions come. So teacher must show general way. Okay, our next your holiness thank you for showing us the true education real learning takes place best when there is a close relationship between the teacher and the student when there is respect. You talked about how important it is to listen with empathy. And you said, very truly that education is both what you teach and the attitude that you bring to that thank you. We're very pleased to present our next generation change fellow. This is fatten help follow fatten is joining us from Tunisia. Hi. Thank you your holiness for your precious time. My name is fatten and I'm a teacher from Tunisia. The story that I couldn't forget when I was in my third year of teaching. I frequently asked in my first year of pupils to make a mining project before lesson in order to prepare options to add. You remember one of my pupils came to me so sad because he's not able to make it because he's living in school six days and returns home only for the weekend. I was really touched and without either thinking I just provided him the chance to choose for each teacher that they can be available for him to have access to the IT laboratory in school to feel equal to his friends. This pupil is now 24 years old and he's all the time messaging me to share any thoughts or ideas with me. My question for you, your honor, is please share a time when you felt compassion from one of your members. Thank you. My teacher, a few teachers, mainly two teachers, one gave me teaching about this as the major philosophical text. Wonderful. So he sometimes showing a little bit of frustration. But in the meantime, give me great hope. Your thinking, your mind eventually can be great philosopher, great master. So showing more sort of positive sign and give me hopeful that that brings more enthusiasm and occasionally a little bit serious face. Okay. So it is very important. The teacher always give to student hope and give encouragement, great potential. That's very important. Okay. Thank you for reminding us that we are inspired when someone is inspired by us when someone believes we can do something. It gives us the confidence to move in that direction. Your Holiness, we're very pleased to present Nicholas Sangora, who is one of our generation change fellows from Kenya. Your Highness, it's a great honor and pleasure to be part of this amazing conversation with you. Well, I remember I was 11 years old. While in class, my teacher referred to his excellency, Daniel Troll teach Arab Moe as a Kenyan second vice president. Of course, this was not factual at all. It's one opportunity to shine in class. I raise my hands. The Kenyan second vice president is Joseph Murumbi. The rest of the class busted in a laughter. This was not received well by the teacher. He stopped the lesson and walked out of class. He was immediately summoned by the deputy head teacher. Facing allegations, the count of being disrespectful and rude to my teacher. Your Highness, I stood for my right, defended myself, but still I was punished, removed from my role as a class drama prefect. And father sent back home to bring my parents. This incident did not only affect me, but the rest of the class. Your Highness, for almost three years, I remained a passive student in class. Now my question to you, Your Highness, what is your perception on teachers, students or people relationship? Does it mean that the teacher is the only pastorian of knowledge? Thank you. Basically, any human relations. First, when we learn from our family level. So that close relation is whole our life. That's hiding some connection. So teacher, more kind, compassionate teacher within that atmosphere. And then subject, even difficult subject within that atmosphere, much easier. So the teacher is showing more negative attitude. Then the subject also, you see, may not go deeper level of students mind. So kindness and showing from teacher side genuine sense of concern of the student's future. That's very important. With that, no matter how difficult subject student without hesitation can ask question, question, question. The teacher also with more patience explain, explain. So as a human relation, teacher, student, they are relation very much important trust. Trust very much based on compassionate attitude. So that's my view. And then nowadays, you see a lot of books and we do, we do. So there are many way to learn. But differences teacher with living experience, explain. Is more effective rather than just read book or kasha to tapes like that. So teacher at the students relation very important. Okay. Now next. Your holiness, thank you for again showing us that the combination of kindness and compassion and trust is one of the best ways to teach. And if it is linked to the lived experience on the part of the teacher, it becomes perhaps the most effective way to learn. We are very pleased to present our fourth generation change fellow, Tonya Rosa is with us from Columbia. Good morning, your holiness. I would like to share my story. This region is also recognized for its higher levels of school dropouts and extreme poverty. My grandmother, Rosa, well known as Ocha, taught herself how to be an educator and build a school in her home to provide personalized inclusive and empowering education to jump people who were being excluded from the regular schools. She died when I was 23 years old, but she continues to be my driving force for my for my organization, which is called original learning from where we partner with institutions to provide as inclusive personalized and power in digital education for you worldwide to prepare them for the future. I constantly find myself wondering what will my grandmother think about what I'm doing now, and what are her thoughts on education in this digital era. So I would love to hear from you, your holiness. And my question is, how does the future of education look like for you. Thank you. Oh, I love technology. So, like Kasada, video tape, or these, very useful, especially sometimes reading book, sometimes tire your eye, but then just video. Listening to recordings. Listening. Just to say technology, you simply see, listen. Very helpful, very good. So now future with these, with the help of technology, certainly help. But the subject entirely depends on the subject. The subject, or as I already mentioned, is thinking more narrow minded. That kind of education harmful. Now we do the first century. We have to think. Humanity, a global level. So education, also you see, with these material, and this very good. So I think time bosses, then the student also now seeing many things. So naturally more broad minded. So I think very good. Not just repeat on old thinking. Okay. Although it is my right to little or criticize criticism. Like some country. For example, Afghanistan. You see, in teaching discrimination, male, female, and religion. And then also, this is some country thinking more seriously about the political reason rather than just education. So these are due to narrow minded, short-sighted. Now we have to think overall of humanity and global level. That is very important. As I already mentioned, this is thinking my nation, my religion, my community. That thinking is outdated. I feel. Okay. Your holiness, thank you for again encouraging us to move from thinking about my education, my country to thinking about our world and our responsibilities. Thank you. As we are pleased to present to China. Who is joining us from Morocco, so kind of how me yet. You're hollering. Me eating your holliness in 2016, not only once, but twice was a blessing. And nothing could have prepared me for the impact it made on my life. Professionally, I went back home, a better educator with an enriched spirit, a refreshed vision, and the heart full of love, happiness and compassion. Meeting your holliness taught me that education is the answer, the way and the path to happiness, peace and enlightenment. Personally, I don't even know where to begin. Meeting your holliness helped me look deeper in my soul, sparked new things that didn't exist before, and shed lights on my shadows. Virtually, meeting your holliness made me a better Muslim. Meeting your holliness has been a daily reminder of how education is compatible with religion and why the first word that was revealed in the Holy Quran was read. Thank you, your holliness. Thank you, your holliness. Thank you. Thank you, your holliness. Thank you. Thank you, your holliness. Thank you. Thank you, your holliness. Thank you, your holliness. Thank you, your holliness. Thank you, your holliness. Thank you, your holliness. Thank you, your holliness. Thank you, your holliness. Thank you, your holliness. Thank you, your holliness. Thank you, your holliness. Thank you, your holliness. Thank you, your holliness. Thank you, your holliness. Thank you, your holliness. Thank you, your holliness. Thank you, your holliness. Thank you, your holliness. Thank you, your holliness. Thank you, your holliness. Thank you, your holliness. Thank you, your holliness. Thank you, your holliness. Thank you, your holliness. Thank you, your holliness. Thank you, your holliness. Thank you, your holliness. Thank you, your holliness. Thank you, your holliness. Thank you, your holliness. Thank you, your holliness. Thank you, your holliness. Thank you, your holliness. Thank you, your holliness. Thank you, your holliness. Thank you, your holliness. Thank you, your holliness. Thank you, your holliness. Thank you, your holliness. Thank you, your holliness. Thank you, your holliness. Thank you, your holliness. Thank you, your holliness. Thank you, your holliness. Thank you, your holliness. Thank you, your holliness. Thank you, your holliness. Thank you, your holliness. Thank you, your holliness. Thank you, your holliness. Thank you, your holliness. Thank you, your holliness. Thank you, your holliness. Thank you, your holliness. Thank you, your holliness. Thank you, your holliness. Thank you, your holliness. Thank you, your holliness. Thank you, your holliness. Thank you, your holliness. Thank you, your holliness. Thank you, your holliness. Thank you, your holliness. Thank you, your holliness. Thank you, your holliness. Thank you, your holliness. Thank you, your holliness. Yes, now, I think it is quite useful, different of the tradition, different philosophy, different belief. Very useful, like our food. Morning, lunch, dinner, always same food. Then the physical level, you feel a little bit fat up. Similarly, food for mind. Just one thing, repeat. Maybe you feel tired. Different way of thinking, different way now religion, different, I mean different religion with different philosophy is useful to look to make some comparison. And then this our brain really, then we will feel our brain is very useful. This marvelous brain, thinking just one, repeat. Anyway, a lot of ability of our brain wasting. So, thinking, even religion in Buddhist tradition, the all existing different religious tradition has become subject to study. Useful, useful. So, basically as I already mentioned, all religion, in spite different philosophy, all carry same message. That is the essence of living kindness. That is the essence of all religion. Then use different sort of philosophy, different logical approach. That's understandable. Your Holiness, as we close the two wonderful days that we've spent with you this year, we have a final question. We would like to know the advice that you have for all of our generation change fellows that will help them to continue the work that they do every day around the world. That they will be able to continue this work with hope and determination and steadfastness, despite the very difficult challenges that they and all of us face. In lifetime, you see, naturally face some difficulties, then discourage, demoralize as real failure. In spite difficulties, you see, try to utilize human intelligence and investigate and thinking more holistic my own life. You see, I experience a lot of difficulties, different time, but I never remain discouraged. Always think, investigate, investigate. So, when we face some problem, we should not simply demoralize. No, we should utilize our intelligence and think more holistic. And basically, things are much better, as I mentioned earlier. According to my own experience, the early part of my life, the later part of my life, the world much change due to different sources of information. These are very useful. So, we should utilize human brain on the basis of human determination. That's very important. Your Holiness, it has been a great honor to spend time with you yesterday and now today. We thank you deeply for your continued partnership with us, your commitment to a very profound vision of a world that's free from violent conflict and your belief, our belief in the ability of youth to change this world for the better. Sophia and Fatin and Nicholas and Tanya and Sukhana, thank you for sharing your stories this evening of how you are building peace in your communities and the efforts that you are making to bring compassion, loving kindness, and selfishness into education. As we close this event, we would like to once again thank the co-creator of the event called in Lodo and Radio Free Asia for our collaboration this year. We also want to thank the staff at the office of His Holiness, the Dalai Lama, particularly Secretary Tenzin, Thalka, Tetsin Sandu, and the tech team led by Don Eisenberg and Tenzin Choja. With your permission, your Holiness, we would like to turn over the floor for final comments. Thank you, your Holiness, for your precious time and audience. This is the sixth year in running and we hope to do it many more. Taking this opportunity, I would like to thank Radio Free Asia's President Befang and Min Mi-Chiao, the executive editor for their continuous encouragement and support. I also want to thank Liz Grande, President of USIP, for your initiative and support. I shall very much look forward to working closely with you. Thank you, David Young, although you're not here, the Vice President of USIP for your leadership and overseeing the program. I too want to thank Alison Malowski, Head of Generation Change Fellowship Program, and Paula Rebecca Nalaya of Youth Leader Program, Paul Lee, and all other team members. Thank you. And of course, those who took part in this year's program. Thank you, Denzelah, for your invaluable support and Don La, and all the audiovisual team members of your excellent service. Finally, may your Holiness live a very long and healthy life and continue to guide us. To say, I want to repeat, I say, one versus, which I always repeat from early morning so that I want to repeat. And then through translation, I want to know the meaning. Thank you. Thank you. Thank you. His Holiness recites three verses from Madhyamaka Avatar, a Buddhist text of Madhyamaka, the Middle Way, where it says that the Bodhisattva, through his wisdom, developing the wisdom light within himself, sees everything as being devoid of any kind of intrinsic or independent objective existence. And with that knowledge, combined with the compassion, so with these two wings of understanding the conventional nature of things, as well as the reality of things, the Bodhisattva journeys along the path to the final enlightenment of Buddhahood. And so with that, when I recite these verses every day, and it gives me self-confidence as well as the fact, the faith that though we may be following different religious traditions, philosophical traditions and so forth, but it is always good to be able to share your own tradition and experience with others as well. So the important point is to be able to share our experiences with each other. Thank you. See you again sometime back. Okay. Although my life refugee had a lot of problems, but my mind always peaceful, always happy. So another few more years, we will see each other. So thank you very much. Thank you.