 A very good evening, aspirants. Welcome again to the Hindu News Analysis brought to you by Shankar Iyer's Academy for the dates 10th and 11th of December 2021. So, these are the list of news articles we will be discussing in today's analysis. So, this analysis is divided into three parts. The first part we will be having the past or you know the previous year's question discussion. I have chosen three questions and we will be having a discussion on those questions in the first segment of our analysis. And then the next segment is going to be the article discussion followed by the prelims practice question discussion and also the mains practice question. So, this is the flow of today's discussion. So, without wasting any more time come let us get into the first segment of our Hindu News Analysis for today which is the previous year's prelims question discussion. Now, look at this previous year's prelims question. So, the question goes like in the parliament of India the purpose of an adjournment motion is statement A to allow a discussion on a definite matter of urgent public importance. Option B to let the opposition members collect information from the ministers. Option C to allow a reduction of specific amount in demand for grant. And option D to postpone the proceedings to check the inappropriate or the violent behavior on the part of some members. So, as you can see here it is a direct question which can be answered only when our concept is clear. So, the question here demands us to find the purpose of an adjournment motion. So, to find the answer first we should know what is an adjournment motion. So, first let's have a basic understanding about that and then we shall move on to analyze the question. First of all, have in mind that motions and resolutions are procedural devices which are used for raising a discussion in the house on a matter of general public interest. Okay, so when you take an adjournment motion it is introduced in the house in order to draw the attention of the house to a definite or to a particular matter of urgent public importance. See the primary objective of an adjournment motion is to draw the attention of the house to a recent matter of an urgent public importance which has got the potential to have serious consequences if not paid careful attention. See remember, adjournment motion is regarded as an extraordinary device because it interrupts the normal business of the house and denote that the discussion on this motion should last for not less than 2 hours and 30 minutes. Okay, so this is the basic context of an adjournment motion. So, when now you have a fair understanding of the topic, right? So, now let's go back to the question. See when you analyze the question based on the information you got from the discussion, you can easily conclude that the option A given here is the right answer because as we saw the purpose of an adjournment motion is to allow a discussion on a definite matter of urgent public importance. So, therefore statement A is right here. Now, moving on to the next question, look at this question. The question goes like the Rolac Act aimed at option A, compulsory economic support toward efforts, option B, imprisonment without trial and summary procedures for trial, option C, suppression of the caliphate movement and option D, the imposition of restrictions on the freedom of the press. So, the question here wants us to identify the option which describes the aim behind the Rolac Act. So, this question also can be cracked only with the conceptual clarity. So, to answer this question, let us learn about the Rolac Act based on which this particular question is framed. See this particular act called as the Rolac Act was passed in March 1919 by the Imperial Legislative Council. This act is known as the Anarchical and Revolutionary Crimes Act of 1919. I know that this act was passed as per the recommendations of the Rolac Committee which was chaired by a judge named Sir Sidney Rolac after whom this particular act is named. Now moving on to the provisions of this act, see firstly this act authorized the British government to arrest anybody who are suspected of terrorist activities and then it also authorized the government to detain such people who were arrested for up to two years without trial and further the act empowered the police to search for a place without a warrant also and it also placed severe restrictions on the freedom of press. So, these were the prominent provisions that were brought in by this act. See due to these provisions, this act was widely condemned by the Indian leaders and also by the Indian public and the bills came to be known as the black bills. So, this is the context or the essence of the Rolac Act. So, now with this knowledge look at the question. So, as you have guessed the right answer here is option B that is the imprisonment without trial and summary procedures for trial. So, the correct answer here is option B. Now let us move on to the next question. So, the question is the Nagara, the Dravidah and the Vesara are the option A, three main racial groups of the Indian subcontinent, option B, three main linguistic divisions into which the languages of India can be classified and option C, the three main styles of Indian temple architecture and option D, the three main musical Garanas prevalent in India. See this question again is a direct question which needs some conceptual knowledge to get it right. So, first let us clear our concept. See most of the art and architectural remains which are found to survive from the ancient and medieval period are generally religious in nature and we are also aware about it. So, when you take the architecture or the styles of Indian temples they broadly fall under three categories and they are the Nagara style, the Dravidah style and the Vesara style. So, let us not get deep into each style since that needs a lot of explanation. So, just remember that the Nagara style, the Dravidah style and the Vesara style are the three main styles of temple architecture which is spotted in India. Okay. So, with this knowledge look at the question. So, the right answer here is that the Nagara, the Dravidah and the Vesara are the three main styles of Indian temple architecture. So, the right answer is option C. Now, for a news discussion let us take up this particular news article. So, this article here it talks about a report that was made by the parliamentary committee on the empowerment of women. So, the title of this report is Empowerment of Women Through Education with special reference to Beti Bachao and Beti Padau. So, as the title here indicates this report throws a lot of emphasis on this Beti Bachao and the Beti Padau scheme. So, now in this context let us discuss about this scheme that is the Beti Bachao and Beti Padau and we will be covering the various dimensions of this scheme that are important for us in our exam perspective. Okay. So, this is the gist of this particular article discussion. So, with this idea come let us move into our article. The relevant syllabus covered by this article is given here. So, you can make a note of it. See, the Beti Bachao and the Beti Padau program was introduced by our Indian government back in the year 2015. So, this program was launched to address the issue of the persistent decline in the child sex ratio since the year 1961. So, when they say child sex ratio it means the number of girls per thousand boys in the age group of zero to six years. Now, you may wonder why this particular program was released or why it was launched in the year 2015. See, the reason is that the declining child sex ratio it reached an all-time low in the 2011 census. So, to be clear the child sex ratio was just 918 in the year 2011. See, when the child sex ratio is said to be 918 it means that they were only 918 girls per thousand boys in the age group of zero to six years. Okay. So, this is the basic idea behind the launch of this scheme. Now, moving on to the objectives and the goals of the scheme. See, the overall goal of this Beti Bachao and this Beti Badau scheme is to celebrate the girl child and also to enable her education. So, basically this particular program has got three objectives. So, the first objective is to prevent the gender-biased sex selective elimination. And the second objective is to ensure survival and also to ensure the protection of the girl child. And coming to the third objective. See, the third objective is to ensure the education of the girl child. So, these are the three objectives. And know that this particular scheme has got two major components. So, one component is the mass communication campaign and the other component is the multi-sectoral action in selected districts. See, these selected districts, they have adverse child sex ratio. And also in these areas, this particular scheme is launched as a pilot program in the sense they will be launched or they will be implemented in a small scale in the beginning. So, this scheme had 100 gender critical districts in its first phase that happened during 2014 and 15. And then an addition of 61 gender critical districts were present in its second phase which was during the year 2015 and 2016. And at present the gender critical districts got expanded under this scheme. And now it has got the total count of up to 4.5 gender critical districts. Now, moving on to the implementation of this scheme. See, firstly the ministry of women and child development implements this scheme. And now let's very quickly see how they are implementing this scheme. So, they are doing this by promoting the registration of pregnancies in the first tri-semester in the Anganwadi centres. And also by taking the training of stakeholders and then by mobilizing and by sensitizing the communities. And they also do this by involving the gender champion and by rewarding and recognizing the institutions and frontline workers. So, this is how the ministry of women and child development implement this scheme. Or in other words, these are the roles that are played by the ministry of women and child development in this Beti Bachaw and Beti Padaw scheme. Now secondly, the ministry of health and family welfare also implements this particular scheme and we'll see how they are implementing this. See, they do this by monitoring the implementation of pre-conception and prenatal diagnostic techniques act of 1994. See, this is basically done by strengthening the prenatal diagnostic techniques cells. And then they also do this by increasing the institutional deliveries and by registering the birds and also by setting up monitoring committees. So, these are the roles played by the ministry of health and family welfare. And thirdly, the ministry of human resource development. They also have got a role to play in the implementation of the scheme. And they implement the scheme by universal enrollment of girls by decreasing the dropout rate by strict implementation of the right to education and by maintaining the girl child friendly standards in schools and also by the construction of functional toilets for girls. See, apart from these three ministries, that is apart from the ministry of women and child development and the ministry of health and family welfare and also the ministry of human resource development, even individuals have got the responsibility to take a few steps to implement the scheme. So, the various responsibilities or the roles that the individual can play to implement this scheme are given below for your reference. So, you please have a look at it. So, we will conclude this article by looking at the points that were mentioned in the report which I said about, that is the report called The Empowerment of Women through Education with Special Reference to Beti Bachar and Beti Padao. See, to understand this report, we need to be aware of the formula for the utilization of funds or the distribution of funds for the various activities under this scheme. See, an amount of rupees 50 lakh a year is earmarked for a district for the utilization under the scheme and this utilization is done under six components and each component is located a certain amount of fun to be spent. So, the split up of the fund under the six components is given here for your reference. As you can see, a 16 percent of it goes to intersectoral consultation or capacity building and 50 percent goes to innovation or awareness generation activities and then six percent is allocated to monitoring and evaluation and a 10 percent to the sectoral interventions in health and another 10 percent to the sectoral interventions in education and then an 8 percent is given for flexi funds. So, as per this report, the total utilization under the scheme was found to be poor since the 80 percent of the fund were found to be used for the media campaigns but when you look at the split here, only 50 percent is allocated for the innovation or awareness generation program. See, this media campaign which I told you includes the various television publicity, the outdoor media, the print media and then the various SMS campaigns, radio spots and also the community engagement through exhibition vans etc. So, therefore the report here suggests for a need to make a shift in the implementation strategy and to abide by the marked standard split up of the fund and suggested that in the future it would be really good if the focused is placed more on investments in measurable outcomes like that of health and the education of girls. So, this is all about this news article. So, during this discussion, we saw about the Beiti Bachao, the Beiti Padav scheme, wherein we saw about its launch, the various goals and its objectives and we also saw the principal bodies that are implementing it and the various roles played by each body or each ministry which is implementing this particular scheme and we also briefly saw about the report that was put forward by the Parliamentary Committee and its suggestions in this regard. So, with these ideas in mind, come let us move on to the next news discussion. Now, look at this news article. This news article mentions about the observations that were made by the governor of Tamil Nadu regarding the different systems of medicine in India and he is also urged to recognize the traditional medicines along with the modern medicine in our country. So, this is the context of the news article here. Now, based on this context, let us have an understanding about the traditional medicines. The syllabus covered by this article is given here for your reference. See, traditional medicine is a natural form of medicine and it is outside the stream of western medicine or the allopathic medicine. So, such traditional medicine is also known as the indigenous system of medicine and generally these system of medicine, they use the knowledge, the skill and also the practices based on the various theories, beliefs and experiences which are indigenous to different cultures and these were used in the maintenance of health as well as in the prevention, diagnosis, improvement or treatment of physical and mental illness. See, simply such indigenous systems, they stimulate the self-healing capacity of the body and we do have diverse indigenous systems of medicine such as the Ayurveda, the Omnipati, the acupuncture, yoga, hydrotherapy, natural therapy, Siddha, Vinani and also manipulative therapy. See, some of these systems they actually originated in India and some others they originated outside India but then eventually they got adopted and adapted in India in the course of time. So, together such systems are called as the Indian systems of medicine or the Indian systems of medicine and homeopathy and it includes Ayurveda, yoga and naturopathy, Yunani, Siddha, Sovarikpa and homeopathy. So, as you are aware, together these terms have the acronym Ayush. So, now let us understand these terms briefly. See, first is Ayurveda. So, you can split Ayurveda into Ayu plus Veda which means the science of life. See, this Ayurveda is the oldest codified form of medicine which is known to mankind and its documentation could be found in Vedas. So, Ayurveda is comprehensively documented in books such as Charaka Samhita, Srishta Samhita and also in Ashtanga Sangraha etc. See, when you take Ayurveda, it takes an integrated view of the physical, the mental, social and the spiritual aspects of human beings. So, interestingly, the philosophy of Ayurveda is based on the theory of Panchamaha Buddhas that is the five primordial elements. So, the five primordial elements are nothing but the earth, water, fire, wind and space. So, it is believed that all the objects and the living bodies are composed of these Buddhas or these elements according to Ayurveda. And the treatment in Ayurveda system is generally individualized. Mainly, the treatment has got two major components. They are the preventive and the curative components. See, preventive aspect includes aspects like personal hygiene and then daily or seasonal regimen, the appropriate social behavior and also the use of rejuvenative drugs or procedures. So, when you take the curative treatment, it generally consists of the howshadam which means the drugs, the annam meaning the diet and also the viharam meaning the exercises and general mode of life. So, this is all about Ayurveda. Now, moving on to the next which is yoga and naturopathy. See, yoga is primarily a way of life which was propounded by Maharishi Patanjali. So, this involves a systematic form and it consists of eight components and these eight components are restrained, observance of austerity, the physical postures, breathing exercise, restraining of sense organs, the contemplation, meditation and samadhi. See, many postures in yoga, they actually help in improving the health and also to prevent diseases and to cure illness. So, it is generally said that practicing yoga prevents psychosomatic disorders or diseases and it also helps an individual to improve the individual resistance and the ability to endure stressful situations. On the other hand, when you take naturopathy, it is a system of treatment and also a way of life which is often referred as a drugless treatment of diseases. So, this system stresses upon the body's self-healing mechanism and it is based mainly on the greatness of exercise, sunlight, fresh water, stress management, healthy diet and so on. Note that naturopathy is closely allied to Ayurveda. Now, moving on further, next comes Yunani. This system of medicine was first developed in Greece and it was introduced in India around the 11th century by the Arabs and the Persians. Note that today, India is one of the leading countries in practicing Yunani medicine. See, Yunani has a herbal animal mineral foundation. So, it generally uses naturally occurring herbal medicine mostly. But it also uses medicines of animal, marine and mineral origin as well. And next comes homeopathy which is a specialized method of drug therapy. See, this homeopathy cures natural diseases by the administration of drugs in minute doses. So, it is based on the theory that like cures like, which is also called as similia similebas curentor. So, as per this, a substance causing symptoms of a disease in a healthy individual would actually cure similar symptoms in a sick individual. So, these drugs are generally low cost medicines and they have low side effects. Note that in India, homeopathy is recognized as one of the national systems of medicine. And next on line is Siddha system of medicine, which is the most primitive medical system which originated from South India, especially Tamil Nadu. So, this system was formulated and it was established about more than 25,000 years back by the eminent powers called Siddhas. So, this system gradually evolved along with the Dravidian's culture. So, therefore it is also known as the Dravidian system of medicine. See, Siddha medicines are prepared by the research work which are done on herbs, minerals and animals. And the main aim of this system is the prevention of disease. And it doesn't consider treatment and prevention separately. So, this system is claimed to revitalize and also to rejuvenate the dysfunctional organs that cause the disease. Now, coming to the last part which is sobarikpa, which means the knowledge of healing. See, this system was reinforced in the Trans-Himalayan region and it is popular in Ladakh, Himachal Pradesh, Jammu and Kashmir, West Bengal, Arunachal Pradesh and also in Sikkim. So, this particular system is also known as the Amchi system of medicine because it is also practiced in some parts of China, Mongolia, Nepal, Russia and Bhutan. So, sobarikpa is perceived to be similar to Ayurvedic philosophy because it is also based on the principles of Panchamahabuddhas which is called as the Jung Vagga. See, more than 75% of the sobarikpa test have been derived from Hashtanga Riddhaya which is a famous exposition of Ayurveda. So, with this, let us conclude this discussion and these are some important points about the different system of Indian medicines. So, with these learnt points in mind, we will move on to the next news article. Now, look at this news article. So, the news here is that the Arapura district was put on alert on Thursday after an outbreak of bird flu which was confirmed at Khunuma South in the Thakkari Gram, Punjayat. So, this is the news here. Now, with this as a background, let us understand on what is this bird flu which is mentioned in today's article. See, bird flu which is also known as avyan influenza refers to the infection of birds with avyan influenza type A viruses. See, actually there are four different types of influenza viruses and they are type A, type B, type C and type D. So, when you take type A or the influenza A viruses, they infect humans and many different animals and there are also many chances for the emergence of a new and very different influenza A virus with the ability to infect people and these virus they show sustained human to human transmission. So, if such a thing happens, then it can cause an influenza pandemic. See, influenza type A viruses are classified into subtypes according to the combinations of different virus surface proteins called hemagglutinin and neuraminides. See, so far there are 18 different hemagglutinin subtypes and 11 different neuraminides subtypes found. So, depending on the origin host, the influenza A viruses can be classified as avyan influenza, swine influenza and also other types of animal influenza viruses. Now, say for example avyan influenza which is also known as bird flu virus. For example, AH5N1 and AH9N2 are subtypes of the avyan influenza or the bird flu whereas AH3N2 and AH1N1 are virus subtypes of the swine influenza or swine flu. So, all of these animal influenza type A viruses, they are generally distant from human influenza viruses and they do not easily transmit among humans. Just remember, they do not easily transmit among humans but still there is a chance of transmission. See, these virus or these viruses they occur naturally among wild aquatic birds worldwide and they've got the potential to infect domestic poultry and also other bird and animal species. So, aquatic birds are the primary natural reservoir for most subtypes of influenza A viruses and know that even though wild aquatic birds get infected with this avyan influenza A viruses and their intestines and their respiratory tract, still they usually do not get much sick. But however, avyan influenza A viruses are very contagious among birds and some of these viruses cause terrible sickness and it may even result in the killing of certain domesticated bird species like that of chickens, ducks and turkeys. Now talking about its symptoms, see mostly they cause asymptomatic or mild infection in birds where the range of symptoms depends on the virus properties. So, viruses that cause severe disease and poultry and those viruses which result in high death rates are called as highly pathogenic avyan influenza and on the contrary, viruses that cause mild disease in poultry are called as low pathogenic avyan influenza. Okay, so now moving on to the next part which is a mode of transmission. See, one major reason for the spread of this avyan influenza is the direct contact between infected and healthy birds because this virus can be found in the secretions from the nostrils, mouth, highs and etc. of the infected animal or bird. So, apart from that, the following man-made ecosystems have contributed to the spread of avyan influenza and they are the indoor commercial poultry, the range raised commercial poultry, the live poultry markets and also the hobby flocks and the bird collection and trading systems. So, I hope by now you have a fair understanding about this bird flu and its root causes and its transmission and also the role of humans in it. So, with these ideas in mind, come let's get on to the next news discussion. Now, let us take up this particular news article. See, this news article here reports about a prediction that the inflation in India's retail sector is expected to have increased to 5.1% in the month of November. So, this is the crux of the article here. Now, based on this context, let us take this opportunity to learn more about inflation, its effects, the way it's measured and also the various causes and the effects of inflation. The syllabus relevant for this article is highlighted below for your reference. See, inflation refers to the changes that happen in the overall level of prices of goods and services over time throughout the economy. So, to put it in simple words, inflation can be defined as a process of continuously rising prices or equivalently of a continuously falling value of money. So, in other words, inflation causes the buying power of rupees to decrease over time. Now, let's see the causes of inflation. See, though inflation can occur through a variety of causes in the economy and increase in the supply of money is one of the root causes of inflation. So, when does money supply increases? See, money supply can be increased by the monetary authorities through multiple ways. One is by printing and giving away more money to the individuals and money supply is also increased by legally devaluing or reducing the value of the legal tender currency and it is also increased more commonly by loaning new money into existence as reserve account credits through the banking system by purchasing government bonds from banks on the secondary market. So, in all these cases, the money supply will increase and in all such cases of money supply increase, the money will lose its purchasing power. See, the mechanism of how this drives inflation can be classified into three types and they are the demand pull inflation, the cost pull inflation and the built-in inflation. So, first let's see about the demand pull inflation or the demand pull effect. See, the demand pull inflation will happen when the supply of money and credit expands faster than the economy's production capacity thereby causing the overall demand for goods and services to rise faster than the economy's production capacity. So, what happens is as a result, the demand grows and the prices will rise and with more money available to individuals, the positive consumer mood leads to higher spending and this will increase the demand and this increased demand will pull the prices higher. So, it creates a demand supply gap with higher demand and less flexible supply which results in higher prices. Now, coming to the next type which is the cost push effect. See, the cost push inflation is caused by an increase in the price of inputs which are used in the manufacturing process. So, when additions to the supply of money and credit are shangled into a commodity or say other market assets and especially when this is accompanied by a negative economic shock to the supply of key commodities, the cost for all kinds of intermediate goods will rise. So, these developments will result in higher completed product or serviced costs which in turn will contribute to increased consumer pricing. Now, say for example, when the money supply expands and a speculative boom in oil prices occurs then the cost of energy for various purposes can rise and this can contribute to the rising consumer prices which in turn will contribute to the increased consumer pricing. Okay. So, this is all about the cost push effect. Now, let us move on to the third type which is the built-in inflation. See, this built-in inflation is related to adaptive expectations, the idea or the assumption that people expect current inflation rates to continue in the future. So, as the price of goods and services rises, the workers and others will come to expect that they will continue to rise in the future at a similar rate and demand more cost or wages to maintain their standard of living. So, their increased wages will result in a higher cost of goods and services and this wage price spiral continues as one factor induces the other and vice versa. Okay. So, these are the three types of inflation. See, now let us move on to see how the government measures inflation. See, the government measures inflation by comparing the current prices of a set of goods and services to previous prices. So, depending upon the selected set of goods and services used, multiple types of baskets of goods are calculated and they are tracked as price indexes and the most commonly used price indexes are the consumer price index and the wholesale price index. So, what is this wholesale price index? See, this wholesale price index is an important index which is necessary for calculating the inflation in a country. So, the wholesale price index, it represents the price of a basket of wholesale goods. See, this wholesale price index, it will measure the average change in the prices of commodities for bulk sale that is for wholesale at the level of the early stage of transactions. So, that means, it accounts for changes in price at an early distribution stage which is before the retail level sale and also know that it does not cover the services part and it is calculated using the base year 2011 to 2012. Now, coming back to the news article, see in the news article it is reported that the retail inflation for the month of November is expected to touch 5.1 percent. So, now let us see what is this retail inflation which is mentioned here. Before that, we should know about the consumer price index. See, the consumer price index is a measure of the retail inflation rate. It means, it is the measure of the increase in the price which are experienced at retail shops. So, this gives the actual reflection of the price rise in the country. So, we can define this consumer price index as a measure of change in retail prices of goods and services which are consumed by a defined population group in a defined area with reference to a base year which is 2012. So, so far we saw about inflation, its basic types and also its measurements. So, now let us move on to see some of the positive and the negative effects of inflation. So, first let us start with the positive effects. So, the positive effects of high rates of inflation includes the following. So, from government side, higher inflation can lead to fiscal drag meaning the deflationary effect. See, fiscal drag is nothing but the deflationary effect of a progressive taxation system on country's economy. See, this happens when the people's wages or when the people's income are rising in nominal terms which causes them to pay more in direct and indirect taxation. Now secondly, high inflation can cause a reduction in the real value of the government's existing or outstanding debt. And thirdly, moderate positive inflation will help businesses to make higher profits thereby generating more tax for the government. So, these are some positive or some benefits of high rates of inflation. So, now let us move on to the negative effects of the high rates of inflation. So, these are the negative effects of the high rates of inflation. First is that there will be a pressure on the government to increase the value of the state welfare benefits such as the state pension and the unemployment compensation etc. And then the high relative inflation can also lead to worsening of international competitiveness thereby causing a fall in exports which can then threaten jobs and forecast GDP growth. So, with this let us wind up this article discussion. So, during this discussion we saw about inflation, its basic types, its various causes, its measurements and also about its pros and cons. So, with this we have come to the end of the article discussions for today. So, now let us move on to the next part of our Hindu news analysis which is the practice question discussion. Now, look at this prelims practice question based on the Indian system of medicine So, we have three pairs here and we need to find the pairs which are incorrectly matched. Okay, so the first pair is yoga and Maharishi Patanjali and the second pair is Siddha and the Amchi system of medicine and then the third pair is Sova Rikpa and the Dravidian system of medicine. So, we need to find the incorrect pairs here. See from our discussion itself you can easily identify that the first pair which is yoga and Maharishi Patanjali are correctly matched. When you take the second pair this is incorrect because Siddha doesn't belong to the Amchi system of medicine. Likewise even the third pair is incorrect because the Sova Rikpa is not a part of the Dravidian system of medicine. Actually here Siddha is Dravidian system of medicine and the Sova Rikpa is the Amchi system of medicine. They are interchanged and given. Okay, so the second and the third statement which is given here are incorrect. So, therefore the right answer here would be option B that is two and three only. And moving on to the next question. Look at this question with reference to Betty Bachao and Betty Padau program. Consider the following statements. Statement one, the scheme was launched in the year 1961 and statement two, the child sex ratio improved in the year 2011 when compared to 1961. So, we need to find the statements which are correct here. See, we clearly saw in the discussion that this particular scheme was launched by the government of India in the year 2015 which means it was not launched in the year 1961. So, therefore this statement is incorrect. Now coming to the second statement it says that the child sex ratio improved in the year 2011 when compared to 1961. So, this statement again is incorrect because we clearly saw in a discussion that the child sex ratio was just 918 in the year 2011. And we also saw that the child sex ratio declined and it reached an all time low in 2011. And we also saw that it was because of this fall or the decline, this particular scheme or this particular program was brought in. So, this shows that both the statements which are given here are incorrect. And since both are not right, the correct answer here would be option D that is neither one nor two. Now look at this question. Avian flu sometimes seen in news is caused by which of the following type of influenza virus. So, based on our discussion itself we can easily infer that the correct answer here is option A because as we saw during our discussion the avian flu is caused by the influenza type A virus. So, the right answer here is option A. The practice main question for today is here. Please take this initiative seriously, write your answers and post them in the comment section below. And our faculties will be reviewing it as soon as possible. So, with this let us wind up our discussion for today. And if my video was really useful for you, then do not hesitate to like, comment and share. And do subscribe for Shankar Ayes Academy YouTube channel for constant updates regarding UPSC civil services preparation. Thanks for your time.