 Welcome to the Hindu News Analysis by Shankaray's Academy. Displayed on the list of news articles taken for today's analysis and the page numbers in different editions of the newspaper. The link for the handwritten notes and the time stamping of the discussed articles are provided in the description and the time stamping is also provided in the comment section for the benefit of mobile phone viewers. Now let us move on to the analysis of the first news article. This news article is with reference to the detention of minors who are under 18 years old. In several cases of protests or democratic actions against the Citizenship Amendment Act of 2019. The syllabus relevant for the analysis of this news article is highlighted here for your reference. The news article mentions two instances where such arrests and detention have been made, one in Uttar Pradesh and the other near Delhi Gate in Darya Ganj. Around five minors were detained by Uttar Pradesh Police at the Bijanur Police Continent area. They were in the age group of 13 to 17 and around eight minors were detained after violence broke out near Delhi Gate in Darya Ganj. And these minors were later released by a magistrate who noted that the detention of children in a police station is a flagrant violation of the law. In this context, we will discuss the legal provisions with respect to detention of minors by the police. First, let us see some of the provisions mentioned under the Journal Justice Karen Protection of Children Act of 2015. We know that this law deals with two groups of children. One, children in need of Karen protection. Two, children in conflict with law. Those children who are found to be violating the law, they are called as children in conflict with law. And this JJ Act prescribes child-friendly approach in the adjudication and disposal of matters with respect to children in conflict with law in the best interest of the children. If you see section 10 of this JJ Act of 2015, it deals with the procedure of apprehension of a child who is alleged to be in conflict with law. For adult criminals, we use the word arrest. For children, we use the word apprehension. It mentions that as soon as a child alleged to be in conflict with law is apprehended by the police, the child shall be placed under the charge of the special juvenile police unit or the designated child welfare officer. Either the child welfare police officer or the officers in the special juvenile police unit, they shall produce the child before the juvenile justice board within a period of 24 hours. This excludes the time that is necessary for the journey from the place where the child was picked up or apprehended. This section clearly mentions that in no case a child alleged to be in conflict with law be placed in a police lockup or lodged in a jail. So based on this provision under the JJ Act, detaining and alleged torturing of minors by the police is a violation of the law. For some of the bodies that are responsible for the protection of rights and children in our country, one important statutory body that is responsible for the protection of child rights is the National Commission for the Protection of Child Rights. NCPCR is a statutory body which was set up in the year 2007 under the Commission for Protection of Child Rights Act of 2005. This NCPCR comes under the Administrative Control of Ministry of Women and Child Development. The objective of this commission is to protect child rights, to promote child rights and to defend child rights in our country. And here the child rights includes even the rights adopted in the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child, 1989. This convention was ratified by our country in the year 1992. NCPCR emphasizes two principles. One principle of universality of child rights, then principle of inviolability of child rights. Principle of universality refers to wherever the children are, if they belong to 0 to 18 years, their rights should be exercised by them. And inviolability refers to whatever be their conduct, their rights should not be violated. Now we should also know that while at the level of center we have National Commission for Protection of Child Rights, at the level of states we also have state commissions for the protection of child rights. Now let us see some of the functions and powers of this commission. See the commission can examine and review the legal safeguards for the protection of child rights and it can recommend measures for their effective implementation. And it can inquire into the violation of child rights and it can recommend initiation of proceedings in such cases of violation of child rights. And it can look into the matters relating to children in need of special care and protection. One among them are the children in conflict with law and it can undertake and promote research in the field of child rights. And it can inspect any place of residence that is meant for children under the control of central government or state government or any other authority, including any institution run by a social organization. It can inquire into complaints and more importantly it can take so motto notice of matters that is it can take the complaints on its own without the need for a person to file a complaint. And this power is with respect to complaints related to deprivation and violation of child rights, non-implementation of laws that provide for protection and development of children and also when there is non-compliance of policy decisions or guidelines or instructions to ensure welfare of the children and also to provide relief to the affected children. And while inquiring into any matter the commission will have the powers of a civil court and the commission has the power to forward any case to a magistrate having the jurisdiction to try the particular case. However when it completes an inquiry, if the inquiry discloses that there is violation of child rights then it may recommend to concerned government or concerned authority for the initiation of proceedings for prosecution or any other action as it considers fit. It can approach the Supreme Court or the High Court for various directions with respect to the matter of violation of child rights and it can also recommend to the concerned government or authority for the grant of interim relief or compensation to the child victim or the members of the victim's family. So these are some of the important powers and functions. So since NCPCR can take so-moto notice of violation of child rights it has the power to intervene when minors are involved in protests if they are illegally used and also when minors are detained and tortured as reported. And the news article mentions that NCPCR has issued an advisory to the DGPs of all states with respect to use of children in unlawful activities such as stone pelting and other violent acts. Such use of children violates the rights of children under the Juvenile Justice Act of 2015. How we can say that? See according to section 83-2 of the Act. Any adult or an adult group if they use children for illegal activities individually or as a gang they are liable for rigorous imprisonment for a term which may extend to 7 years and also liable for a fine of 5 lakh rupees. So as per the guidelines issued by NCPCR with respect to child rights in the areas of civil unrest you should note that the police and military authorities should avoid blanket characterization of adolescence as security threats and any arbitrary detention, mistreatment, torture of children has to be viewed extremely seriously by the authorities involved and they also have to investigate any reports of grave violations of child rights immediately and should take action against the accused person or the offender who is involved in the violation of child rights. So these are some of the information with reference to the analysis of this news article. In the analysis we saw about NCPCR and important powers and functions of NCPCR along with the news article. Now let's move on to the next news article. This news article mentions some of the targeted missions of Indian Space Research Organization. The news article talks about Gaganyan, Chandrayaan 3 and also about Aditya Sun Mission or Aditya Solar Mission. The syllabus relevant for the analysis of this news article is highlighted here for your reference. Now with respect to Gaganyan we know that it is the first human space mission to be launched by Indian Space Research Organization. So before executing the manned human spacecraft ISRO has planned to carry out two unmanned missions where the first unmanned test mission is to be carried out by the end of next year that is 2020 and this unmanned test flight will carry a humanoid which is nothing but a robo with human features. So within ISRO who is responsible for the implementation of Gaganyan project? It is the human space flight center and this center was inaugurated in Jam 2019 in the ISRO Headquarter Campus in Bengaluru. So as we know the implementation of Gaganyan project requires processes such as end-to-end planning because it's not a satellite that will be launched from Earth so as to stay in space. Rather the human beings will be sent from Earth to space that is to outer space and they have to safely return back to Earth. There will be processes such as development of engineering systems so that with respect to crew survival in space and there will be various matters with respect to crew selection, training and also atmospheric re-entry and entering back to Earth. And this human space flight center will also play a very important role for continuous human space flight missions for our country. So we have planned to use the GSLV Mk3 launch vehicle for taking humans to space even for unmanned test mission this will be the rocket that is to be used. For the first unmanned mission will be followed by second unmanned mission and this second mission is to be carried out in July 2021. Once both the unmanned missions are successful and gives hope that a human space flight mission will also be successful then the human space flight mission will be launched in December 2021. So in this human space flight mission India has planned to send three Indian astronauts to space for a period of 5 to 7 days during the stay in space they will be carrying out research at the microgravity conditions in space. The spacecraft is expected to be placed in a lower orbit of 300 to 400 km. If the Gaganyan program becomes successful India will be one of the few countries to successfully carry out human space flight missions. Now coming to Chandrayaan 3 mission. Now this mission is to moon. We know that while ISRO has successfully placed the Chandrayaan 2 orbiter into the moon's orbit we were not successful with respect to achieving the soft landing on the moon. So the Chandrayaan 2 exercise is a complex mission that consisted of orbiter, lander and the rover and the objective was to explore the unexplored area near the south pole of the moon. Now the Chandrayaan 3 mission is also expected to be launched in next year will be a copy of Chandrayaan 2 but the difference is that it will not carry an orbiter so it will have only a rover and a lander. So it's a rover and lander mission that is to be launched in 2020. Now these information were delivered by the ISRO chairman while inaugurating a felicitation program with respect to the celebration of 50th PSLV flight. The Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle which is also called as the workhorse of ISRO has completed its 50th mission in 2019 the 50th mission of PSLV has successfully launched a riset 2BR1 a radar imaging earth observation satellite and the launch vehicle used was PSLV C48 and the target for the 100th mission of the PSLV is to be achieved by the year 2024 the year in which India has planned to achieve $5 trillion economy. Now there is one another target with respect to 2020. Now this is ISRO's first solar mission called as Aaditya L1 it is scheduled to be launched by April 2020. Now this mission will mainly study the solar corona this will be launched using a PSLV and it is expected that the Aaditya satellite will be carrying 6 scientific instruments or scientific payloads. This Aaditya L1 project will help us in understanding the dynamical processes of the sun and also to find solutions with respect to some of the outstanding problems in solar physics. So these are some of the information with reference to the analysis of this news article. Now let us move on to next news article. This news article is about detention centres for the purpose of keeping those persons who are declared as illegal migrants or who are found to be illegal migrants. Now in this news article we will see about the powers of the central government and the state governments with respect to movement of foreigners in India. We know that when we talk about foreigners there are two categories one of them are legal migrants then the other is illegal migrants. So here our focus as foreigners will be on illegal migrants. We will also be seeing about what are the states where we can find detention centres for illegal migrants and we will also see some issues with respect to the recently concluded NRC exercise in the state of Assam. The syllabus relevant for the analysis of this news article is even here for your reference. First let us see the power of the central government related to the movement of foreigners. We know that foreign affairs is the domain of the central government even if you see the union list in schedule 7 of Indian constitution. Entry 10 mentions that foreign affairs is the subject of the parliament that is the legislative power with respect to foreign affairs is with the central government Again with this matter we have the foreigners act of 1946 that has conferred powers upon central government with respect to foreigners. According to section 3 1 central government has the power to make orders on the presence of foreigners be it all foreigners or any particular foreigner or any prescribed class or description of foreigners. Section 3 2 C of this act mentions that the central government has the power to deport foreign nationals who are staying illegally in the country and section 3 2 E mentions that the central government can issue an order to direct the foreigner to reside in a particular place and impose any restriction on his movements. Here the particular place you have to relate it with the detention center throughout the analysis of this news article and even with respect to the detention center there will be definitely some restrictions on the movements of illegal migrants. Now let's see the power of the state governments in this context it is important for us to see about article 258 of Indian constitution. Now this particular article in clause 1 mentions that the president may conditionally or unconditionally transfer some functions to the state governments. This is in relation to any matter of the executive power of the central government. Now we saw that foreign affairs is dealt by the central government however as per this provision the state governments have also been interested by the central government to take similar steps with respect to movements of the foreigners. So based on this article 258 the central government has issued many directions to the state governments in this matter. The news article mentions that in 1998 the ministry of home affairs wrote a letter to all states and union territories which asked the state governments and the union territories to restrict the movement of convicted foreign nationals that completed their jail sentence. The letter mentioned that those persons whose nationality is yet to be confirmed they have to be detained in one of the detention centers or detention camps set by the states and union territories and the states were asked to ensure the physical availability of such convicted foreign nationals at all times so when their travel documents are ready they may be either repatriated or deported to the country of origin or the country they belong to. Note that repatriation is the process of returning a person to the country of origin on the voluntary basis but deportation is the act of compulsorily sending a person to his or her country of origin. Then in the year 2009 the central government issued another set of instructions to the states wherein the center conveyed a detailed procedure to be adopted by the state governments for the deportation of illegal migrants particularly from illegal migrants who are from Bangladesh. So based on this instruction the state governments were asked by Ministry of Home Affairs to set up sufficient number of detention centers. These detention centers are for the purpose of keeping the suspected illegal immigrants till the completion of their deportation process to their country of origin. Similar instructions by way of letters were sent again to states in 2012-2014 and also in 2018 one of the recent letter circulated by the central government to the states on January 9, 2019 was about a detailed manual on model detention centers. Now in this manual the center has prescribed the various amenities that are to be provided in the detention centers including medical facilities. Now let's see the states where detention centers are established for the purpose of keeping the illegal migrants. In Delhi there is one detention center which is under the operational control of Foreigners Regional Registration Office and this is maintained by Delhi government. Know that the Foreigners Regional Registration Officers or regional officers function under Bureau of Immigration coming under the Ministry of Home Affairs. Now in Goa in the place called Mappusa there is a detention center which was set up in February 2019. Rajasthan has a detention center however located inside the central jail in Alwar. New detention centers are yet to come up in states such as Karnataka and Punjab and they are expected to come up by the year 2020. So as of now in Punjab if you see there is no separate detention center. Foreign detainees are kept in a segregated place in central jail in Amritsar and new detention center that is to come up in 2020 is expected to set up within a new jail that is to be constructed in Tantharan district by May 2020 and it is expected that a new detention center will become operational in Karnataka in Bengaluru from January 1, 2020. Now coming to the states such as Kerala and West Bengal they had plans to build detention centers but the projects are put temporarily on hold by the respective state governments. Coming to the status of detention centers in Assam first we will see the status of detention centers in Assam then we will see the issues related to foreign tribunals in Assam. We know that final updated NRC for the state of Assam was published on August 31, 2019. Now this registers segregated Indian citizens who are living in Assam from the illegal migrants from Bangladesh and other countries. These are migrants who came to India on or after March 25 of 1971. Nearly 19 lakh applicants were excluded from the finally published updated NRC and as per the citizenship rules 2003 the excluded persons from NRC may move to foreigners tribunals that are constituted under the foreigners tribunals order of 1964. Those persons who were declared foreigners by the foreigners tribunal they were kept in one of the six detention camps in Assam that are set up for the purpose of keeping illegal migrants and one new detention center is coming up at Golpara so this is the status of detention centers in Assam at present. Now we will see the issues relating to foreigners tribunals in Assam. The news article has provided data on the cases disposed by foreigners tribunals in Assam. You can see that there is a huge number of applications that are made to foreigners tribunals and in order to handle the huge number of applications particularly after the updation of NRC in Assam the Ministry of Home Affairs has sanctioned thousand additional tribunals. So at present you can see that there are hundred foreigners tribunals in the state of Assam. Now let's see the amendment made to the foreigners tribunals order of 1964. On May 30 Ministry of Home Affairs amended. This amendment was carried out in the month of May 2019. In this amendment the Central Government empowered State Government Union Territory Administration District Collector and District Magistrates in all States and Union Territories to constitute foreigners tribunals. So earlier this power was only with the Central Government. However with the amendment in this Foreigners Tribunals order 1964. Now this task is entrusted also to State Government Union Territory Administration even the District Collector and District Magistrates. And on June 11 the Ministry of Home Affairs has issued a clarification wherein it has said that the Foreigners Tribunals having been established only in Assam at present. This amendment to Foreigners Tribunals order of 1964 is presently to be relevant only to the State of Assam. So these are some of the information with respect to the issues of Foreigners Tribunals in Assam. In the analysis of this news article we saw about the powers of Central and the State Governments with respect to the movement of foreigners or the illegal migrants in our country. We also saw the status of detention centers in some of the States and some issues with respect to illegal migrants in the State of Assam following the recent publication of updated NRC. Now let us move on to the analysis of next news article. This news article is about the formation day of Indian National Congress. This Indian National Congress was called as the first organized expression of Indian Nationalism on an all India scale. Now with respect to this news article we will be focusing on the formation of Indian National Congress. The syllabus relevant for the analysis of this news article is highlighted here for your reference. Since 1850's several political associations with reference to our freedom struggle were formed however they were largely regional in nature. Most of them are restricted to the provinces of Bombay, Madras and Calcutta. And since 1850's the awareness among the Indians were growing that the British were controlling Indian resources they were also controlling the lives and living standards of Indian people. And they also got an awareness that if the British control is not brought to an end India could not be for Indians. Particularly during 1870's and 1880's the dissatisfaction against the British rule intensified. There were several reasons one is that they decided whether Indians should possess arms or not. This was done by passing Arms Act in 1878 and the British Indian government they also enacted vernacular press act in the same year 1878. This was enacted as we all know to suppress those who criticized the British Indian government and the act also allowed the British Indian government to confiscate or to seize the assets of newspapers including the printing presses. The condition is that it will be done if the newspapers publish anything that was found objectionable to the British Indian government. And in the early 1880's particularly in 1883 the British Indian government sought to introduce a bill after the name of legal advisor of the British Indian government his name is Ilbert. The bill was called as Ilbert bill. This bill actually provided some good provisions wherein it mentioned that Indian judges and Indian magistrates will be having the jurisdiction to try British offenders. The bill also tried to bring equality between British judges and Indian judges in the judicial system. However since the provisions aimed to bring some kind of equality between Indian and British judges there was severe opposition by the European persons who were then residing in India. So they have forced the government to withdraw the proposed Ilbert bill and Indians seeing this they were actually enraged because of the racial attitudes of the British in our country. And it is said that the way the proposed Ilbert bill was amended and the way the Europeans reacted to the Ilbert bill which favored equality between Indians and Europeans in the judicial matters has played a very important role in awakening nationalism among the educated Indians who felt the need for an all India organization for the struggle of independence. And this is actually a prelude for the formation of Indian National Congress which was established on 28 December 1885. 72 delegates from almost all over the country they met at Bombay to establish Indian National Congress. The first president of Indian National Congress was Vamesh Chandra Banerjee and one retired British official has also played a part in bringing Indians from various regions together and his name is Evo Hume. And as we saw the formation of Indian National Congress was seen as the first organized expression of Indian nationalism on an all India scale. Now you may take this table for reference wherein we have highlighted the place in which the first three sessions of Indian National Congress were conducted and also their corresponding presidents. Since 1885 the freedoms the struggle for independence revolves around Indian National Congress and it is said that even the polity of early years of independent India is also influenced by the ideologies of this Indian National Congress. The party leaders such as Sardar Vallabhai Patel and Jawaharlal Nehru they have worked with respect to consolidation of India as a single nation before and after the independence. So these are some of the information with reference to the formation of Indian National Congress. We have come to the last session the practice discussion session. The first statement mentions that the president may with the consent of government of a state interest either conditionally or unconditionally to that government or to its officers functions in relation to any matter to which the executive power of the union extends. Now this statement is correct with respect to article 258 of Indian Constitution. So we can eliminate option B and option D. Now come to the second statement foreign affairs is an entry in the concurrent list of Schedule 7 of Indian Constitution. Now this statement is wrong because foreign affairs is an entry in the union list of Schedule 7 of Indian Constitution. So this means only the first statement is correct. Therefore the correct answer is option A one only. In this question they have given two statements asking which of the other statements are correct. Indian National Congress was formed on 28th December 1885. Now this statement is correct. The second statement the first session of Indian National Congress was held in Kolkata in the year 1885 presided by Vomesh Chandra Bonerjee. Now this statement is partly correct. The first session of Indian National Congress was held in the year 1885 presided by Vomesh Chandra Bonerjee. But it was held in Bombay. So the correct answer for this question is option A one only because first statement only is correct. Now this question is with reference to ISRO's Gaganyan mission. They are asking which of the following statements are correct. First statement it is the first human space mission of ISRO. Now this statement is correct. So you can eliminate option C. Now second statement it aims to send Indian astronauts to the low earth orbit of 300 kilometer to 400 kilometer. Now this statement is also correct. So you can eliminate option A. Now the third statement ISRO's workhorse polar satellite launch vehicle is designated to launch the mission that is the Gaganyan mission. The third statement is wrong because it is GSLV mark 3 that is designated to launch the India's first human space flight program. So the correct answer for this question is option B one and two only. With this we come to the end of today's the Hindu news analysis. If you like the video, click the like button, comment, share and subscribe to Shankaray's Academy YouTube channel for more updates and content on civil service exam preparation. See you tomorrow.