 I'm Solene Coe, I'm working at Bordeaux Lab, Laboratory Passéa, and I'm a Specialist of Leicic Industry Studies. My specificity is to cross techno-economical approach and the petro-archeological approach, and I'm working on a more early upper paleolithic. And I'm also working with Erwin Vécier there, who is doing now his PhD on the middle paleolithic, with the same specificity to cross a petro-archeological and techno-economical approach. So that's the occasion to present you this question about the correlation or the difference between middle and upper paleolithic, questioning their provisioning territory. So first, of course, the transition between middle and upper paleolithic was full of presupposition because the upper paleolithic was defined in the comparison with the middle one. And quickly we have three persistent presuppositions, first concerning provisioning territories that are for middle paleolithic, more locale to regional, with some distance of provisioning about 50 kilometers, that's the best, more or less we have. And by different differences, during the upper paleolithic it's very, very common to have far distance of provisioning up to 200 kilometers. And second one, it's the steps of the chenoperatoire, realizing each raw material are correlated with the distance between the point of collate and the archeological sites. So of course we have this idea that the farthest raw material will be represent on archeological site by the last step of the chenoperatoire and mainly for the upper paleolithic, the two long blades. And the third presuppositions, it's about the typological area and the provisioning territory. And most of the time we think that the typo-technological comparison, that's intelligent, that's quite defined, the typo-technological area. So just if you spot on the map all the site with this techno complex, we have this typo-technological area. And we always have this idea that for each site, if we make petro-archeological study in tri-site, just for one site, we have this provisioning territory which is contained by the big typological area. And actually that's not just presupposition because it's more based on a lot of observation on some site. That's the typical example of Combe-Gronel for the middle paleolithic that's well here in the lot. And the level 2930 deliver the value-alytic techno-complex material. And that's techno-complex. It's typical from the southwestern France. There in blue it's the typological area of this techno-complex. And what we see, that's true for these levels that we have a provisioning area that's not up that 50 kilometers. So that fits with all the presupposition we have. And another very typical example for the upper paleolithic abripato in Dordogne here. And we have this provisioning area is from all the Akritan basin and up to the Parisian basin with the Grand Précini. And so up to 200 kilometers. And also, yes, this sort of plateau, sorry, it's a later recognition. Typical with blade prediction and bladeless prediction. And the bladeless prediction are in a typical curve, that are well-known in all the western Europe. And the twisted bladelets, like Ragnocon bladelets and all the twisted bladelets are well-known on not only Europe, but also up to the Levant. So that's, okay, of course, this 200 kilometers of plateau. Actually, it's nothing if we compare with the huge typological area of the twisted bladelets. But in this presentation, we would like to question this presupposition and actually see with you if you could give new results with our specificity that I say it's really to cross typo-technological and techno-economical approach and petro-archeological approaches. And if we have new results, how we will interpret that. And to question this, to address this question, sorry, we present three cases for the Middle Paleolithic Bon Valley and for the Upper Paleolithic Pacteau and Le Pigeonie. So, Bon Valley, it's here in the massive central and it's a Middle Paleolithic site with recurrent napping, mostly Le Valois. And actually, this LTC, this typocomplex, is the most well-known in the southeastern part of France. And what we see if we look to the raw material provisioning, we have, of course, some local to semi-local raw material, but also this incredible result with some raw material that's coming from up to 350 kilometers. So that's huge for the Middle Paleolithic that don't fit at all with this presupposition that we have very local provisioning for this techno-complex. And if we look closer, not just the provisioning area, but surely if we cross Petro-Aqueological and techno-economical study, we could see that we will have the last step of the Chez Nopératoire, we present on site for this material, but actually not at all, because we have all the exploitation, production and retouching phases for this raw material, for here, Grand Précini or Turonien de la Valée du Chez, here on site. So that's a second incredible result because that don't fit at all with the presupposition. And for the Upper Paleolithic, Abrie-Pato, so I already present the site, but if now we cross Petro-Aqueological and techno-economical results, we also have something that don't fit with the presupposition about the representation of the step of the Chez Nopératoire, because we have here Grand Deux-Milles and Bergeracroix that are very well-represented, not on site. Of course, the acquisition is not local, but we have all the Chez Nopératoire for blade production and blade-led production. And actually, I don't represent this, but we have here also other raw material that could have been used, but they don't, they didn't. So they really have provisioning area with all of this closer raw material, and even though that don't, didn't use, that's not the representation that we could attempt. So also for the Upper Paleolithic, the presupposition don't fit. And now, how we could interpret that? Because, okay, that's how you use Paul about network and that's a little, that John, you know, what you presented. And here we would like to think, okay, maybe in this sort of network with this new result about all the step of the Chez Nopératoire pair raw material, we could maybe propose some roads, not just a flat area provisioning, but really roads. And that's very interesting, because as you say, we could now cross this idea of roads with all the topographic and hydrographics and really understand the provisioning strategy inside these environments and not just have, on one side, the distance and the provisioning area, and the other side have the strategy of techno-economical strategy, but really mix the both and understand inside the environment with all the topographics where they passed and why. And actually, here, I present three sites, it's just to tell you that it's not just one site and we have the provisioning strategy and we interpret just right now that we have some road there. Now, actually, we also cross the study with other sites, Abri-Pato, Kerminat, Roque de Comte, for example, from the same area and we look for each site of the Pétro techno-economical strategy and actually the previous site, Pato, that I present in detail, is very representative of for the later recognition of this strategy and for this provisioning strategy. And for here, we could also propose some roads that's, okay, first interpretation because it's a very unique site. There is not a lot of middle-polaristic sites studied now in the massive central with this result, but even just with this result, we could have new data and so new interpretation about the raw material provisioning strategy for the middle-polaristic, sorry. And about the third preci-position about the typological area and the provisioning area, I will present also Le Pigeonier. Le Pigeonier, actually, it's also later recognition, but unclear phases of later recognition and I told that because all the chain opératoire is not very, very well known and so for this study, I just based on the study of a very typical tool. That's the Gratoire Kerminat, like a schematic one and here you have the variability of some of them and actually we find these teeny tools only here in the southwestern France, so that's all the sites and so that's the, for instance, for now, that's the typological area that we know for these tools. And if you look at Le Pigeonier and if you look at the provisioning strategy, provisioning area, actually it's not at all from this typological area, it's really from the Charente and Charente-Marie team and the Parisian Basine with the Grand Pristini and so that's also a result that we didn't attempt. When we have always this idea of, okay, we have a huge typological area and inside this new typological area we will have a small provisioning area and we will cross with all sites to have this idea of the network in the world and now we have this result and we think, okay, what's going on on this site? And actually, if we look at Bon Valley, as I told you, that's more le Valois Techno Complex and this Techno Complex is very well known in the southeastern France, Mediterranean Contour and well, so the Ronde d'Ali and I present you our results. No, the raw material comes from the Parisian Basine so for the Middle Talialistic also, that's don't fit, I mean provisioning area and typological area don't fit, so what's going on there? And we have imagined sort of three interpretations. First one, we are, for example, here in Du Pigeonier and we are looking for other materials so we will plan some specific expedition to have this raw material that we need and actually it's a little strange because if we look at the these teeny tools they don't need really other raw material that they could have in the Alevian, the Dordogne because they are a very good material here inside the typological area so maybe but that's not the interpretation that we prefer. We could also imagine that we have here a true typological area with all this side and with a specific group making this Gratoire Caminade and maybe there is exchange of raw material or anything I give you some good raw material or just raw material you give me something else in exchange maybe not recognizable in archeological record but it could be something like this it could be one of the interpretation and actually the true question we have of course is not about archeological and paleo-ethnological interpretation but more taffonomical interpretation that we think maybe there are some other sites and actually we miss something when we are just looking at all the sites we know we already know thinking oh okay now we know we have this typological area and sometimes it's a very short way to think this typological area oh yes it's the cultural area wow maybe it's a too short way to think and for example here if it is the Pigeonier for example here we have Sharon to Marie Thiem and Sharon and actually it's a very flat geomorphology no cave no anything so that's not at all the same recurve so maybe actually there are some sites there and because of the geomorphological recurve we don't find there or also because our prehistorian recurve we don't find them because actually okay I think of course that the Dordogne was very famous because of the cave because of the history of prehistory and beside that the Sharon to Marie Thiem was a little bit just forget and I think that we also miss some survey there in this area so that's also our job to be sure that when we talk about a typological area it's not just because it's just our point of view and to conclude actually it's also a question about prehistoric and prehistorian point of view I mean for the first petroacological study in south-western France for example it was based on the survey of Pierre-Yves Demas who did a big huge and good job because if he didn't I will present you now oh we have some Bergeracois in and now of course it's very well known but okay he did it but he did some regional surveys and what we have now thanks to Paul Fernandez and Vincent Delvigne and André Morala is a very nice dynamic in France with a collective research project and to cross all the results of all the prehistorian I mean for all the little tech and the survey and now if I am studying a site there in Dordogne I have the opportunity really to ask colleagues and to say okay maybe I don't want to I don't want to compare just with Pierre-Yves Demas little tech but with all the little tech in France and now we have the tools truly to understand the longer long provisioning, the far provisioning so that's a very, very nice dynamic and also for the Petro Techno-Economical Study we now have also a nice dynamic about methodology that's not the point to tell now that the previous study Demas et cetera that was based only on macroscopic criteria and maybe we could do better so okay I hope that now we do better with as I propose in my thesis but also Vincent and Erwan is his master degree and now his PhD and also colleagues and to propose really to and first with this with the sedimentary content studies to look at each single very piece of a whole collection if it's 30,000 pieces we will look at each every pieces with binocular, middle, high magnification and really to characterize everything inside this flint and to be sure not to say oh okay the Grand Piscini is reddish I have a reddish material in the door and oh okay maybe it's 200 kilometer provisioning now really we have also this nice dynamic because of the lithotheca and the methodology thanks to Paul Fernandez and previous to go first with the determination and more in the ethnographical interpretation that's a little bit presumptuous to the nature of this culture but it's just to have the debits because we have now a dynamic representation in the chain operator and actually we could propose some network and circulation roads and that's really what we would like to present now just not to have just a smaller line like this but have really a dynamic understanding of the provisioning strategy and last but not least if it's the presposition that's all the middle paleolithic and upper paleolithic comparison was based also of course with this presupposition that we have that there is something in the middle paleolithic with Neanderthal and the upper paleolithic was defined by the modern human coming with the nice revolution cultural revolution and thanks to previous study like one from Francesco de Rico, Macbhurt, Siddilau and others we have evidence now of symbolic behavior before the early upper paleolithic in Europe in the middle paleolithic but we don't have really evidence of persistence of this behavior from the middle paleolithic to the upper paleolithic and with the new results and notably the results of Bon Valley we now have this proof that we have existence of network of raw material that not just very local and they now with local material but there is this network that now we have a better understanding on and maybe that's a proposition but maybe it's based on this network that the modern human could go on in Europe so here we have not just punctual evidence of symbolisms et cetera but we have also and more actually cause we have the code again not just the punctual but the way of life in the day per day of the network and we would like to go on with this hypothesis. Thank you. Thank you. Thank you.