 Good morning With today's session we are going to learn about metals alloys and ceramics So at the end of this session students will be able to explain the metal and their alloys and ceramic materials Content of today's session. We are going to learn about metal alloys and ceramics introduction Metal is a material which shows a lustrous appearance conducts electricity and heat relatively well and are typically malleable as well as a ductile Types of ions first time is a cast iron composition iron 92 to 94 percent of the iron is present carbon 2.5 to 4 percent of the carbon is present silicon 0.7 to 3 percent phosphorus 0.5 percent manganese 0.2 to 1 percent and sulfur is 0.1 percent. This is the composition of cast iron Properties of cast iron It is neither malleable or now nor ductile. It cannot be forged rolled or welded It cannot be magnetized permanently It is very soft and brittle It has a low tensile strength. It melts at 1150 degrees Celsius to 1200 and 50 degrees Celsius It expands on solidification It does not rust easily Applications of cast iron It is used for casting metal objects such as stores Drainage covers pipes Wellings etc. It is also used in making toys radiators cooking utensils water and drain pipes Is used in making agricultural equipments Used in making electrical electric poles burners etc. Also used in making wrought iron and steel second iron it is steel composition iron and 95 to 96 percent carbon 0.05 percent manganese 1 percent phosphorus 0.05 percent sulfur 0.5 percent Silicon 0.03 percent. This is a composition of steel Properties of steel it is soft and hard It is malleable as well as a ductile. It has highest tensile strength It melts between 1200 to 1500 degrees Celsius It can be magnetized permanently It can be welded Applications It is used in making machinery parts, girders, bridges, etc In making magnets, razors, springs, etc. In Constructional works also it is used Third type of iron that is a wrought iron Composition almost 99 percent of the iron is present Percentage of carbon present is 0.12 to 0.25 percent and rest all that is 0.3 percent almost impurities are present Properties it is soft and fibrous in nature It is gray and tough Medium tensile strength it is malleable as well as a ductile melting point is 1530 degrees Celsius It can can be welded. It cannot be permanently magnetized Applications of wrought iron it is used in making chains hooks tools Also used in manufacture of bars and wires Used in making bowls nails railway couplings, etc and can be used in making electromagnets and Agricultural equipments pause this video and Answer this question the melting point of the wrought iron is a 1400 degrees Celsius B 1450 degrees Celsius C 1530 degrees Celsius and D is 1600 degrees Celsius Well the answer for this question that is a melting point of the wrought iron is C That is a 1530 degrees Celsius alloys and Alloy is a metallic Intimately mixed solid mixture of two or more or a different metals elements one of which at least is essentially be metal Purpose of making an alloy to enhance the hardness of metal to lower the melting point to enhance tensile strength to enhance corrosion resistance to modify color To provide better castability To reduce malleability as well as the ductility and To change chemical reactivity classification of alloys Basically, there are two types of alloys one is called as ferrous alloys the second one is a non ferrous alloys The first one is ferrous alloys the alloy having Iron as one of the main component that is mess base metal are known as a ferrous alloys for instance steel Plain and carbon steel steel alloys Etc. Second type is non ferrous alloys the alloys which do not have iron as one of the main component are known as a non ferrous alloys in these The main component is other than iron for instance Aluminium alloys like or copper alloys nickel alloys, etc. We can watch this video Just to understand regarding the Properties by using this method for example iron is the most widely used metal But it is never used in its pure state because it is very soft and Easily stretchable when hot But if iron is mixed then it becomes hard and strong Iron is mixed with nickel and chromium we get stainless steel which is hard and does not rust Similarly pure gold that is 24 karat gold is very soft so for making jewelry Silver and copper to make it hard the mercury is called as amulet electricity when mixed with zinc to form brass or mixed with tin to form bronze It loses its conducting property Lead and tin which is called as solder has a low melting point And is there by use for welding electrical bias together next one ceramics These are in or any non metallic materials that are processed and used at high temperature They include silicates metallic oxides and their combinations The basic materials used to make ceramics are called as clay generally ceramics are Prepared by heating clay materials at high temperature classification classification is based on application as well as We can classify them on the basis of this structure Classification based on applications first abrasives example alumina carburentin second minerals that is cars cementing materials example cement and lime fourth refractories example silica clay materials like bricks tiles etc Sixth one rocks example granite sandstones etc classification based on structure crystalline ceramics example carburentin amorphous ceramics examples oxides crystalline and amorphous ceramics that is cement and fourth one is a glassy ceramics properties of Ceramics chemical as well as physical properties. It is having high chemical stability It shows resistance to highly oxidizing and reducing atmosphere resistance to heat and temperature corrosive atmosphere as well as to oils and organic solvents Mechanical properties it shows resistance to compression does not undergo wear and tear poor shock resistance Electrical and magnetic properties. It is a bad conductor of heat as well as electricity The non oxide ceramics acts as a semiconductors ceramics containing transition metal ions shows the magnetic properties magnetic ceramics response to magnetic field known as a magnetic susceptibility References for this I have used textbook of engineering chemistry by Jain and Jain and YouTube link for the content. Thank you