 Students, we have discussed types of applied research and now we are going to talk about tools in applied research. There are two types of tools in applied research, needs assessment and cost and benefit analysis. Let's first see what is a need assessment tool. Needs assessment tool is an applied research tool that gathers descriptive information about a need, issue or concern including its magnitude, scope and severity. A needs assessment involves collecting data to determine major social needs and their severity. I am going to give you the example of a youth development program in order to understand a needs assessment. If the government has decided to initiate any youth development program then government has to see what kind of development program is needed for the youth of the country, i.e. what kind of program they need, whether they need to give them laptops, whether they need to give them educational fee, scholarship, whether they need to give them interest-free loans, or whether they need to fund their startups. So this will be decided on the basis of the results of the needs assessment on the basis of the results of the needs assessment study, the government will be in a position to decide what kind of a development program is needed for the youth. The second type of the tool in applied research is cost and benefit analysis. It is an applied research tool that economic economists developed in which a monetary value is assigned to the inputs and outcomes of a process and then the researcher examines the balance between them. Your cost and benefit analysis tool is done by an economic analysis of a project. The cost and impact of the project depends on whether it is equal or not. So the government decides on the basis of that which kind of development project needs to be started.