 Electricity can be used to drive the production of medium-chain carboxylic acids, MCCAs, from organic waste. This process has been studied in depth and several strategies have been developed to optimize the process. These include substrate modification, adjusting the applied voltage recurrent, optimizing the electrodes, and using microbial cooperation and stimulation. Despite these advances, there are still some knowledge gaps and challenges that need to be addressed before this technology can be successfully commercialized. This article was authored by Chow Lu, Yuyin, Chuang Chen, and others.