 So, beyond the debate on centralized and decentralized. I think we do not have to tell about you know what is good or what is bad. Let us think about whether things can be done at the local level. So, if you want to plan decentralized systems at the local level, these are the elements that you may need. One is you need to understand the flow of wastewater at micro level. You know in a European city you have the natural streams, you have the sewers, there is a storm drainage you know when rain comes and all it has to go through and the third one is sewer that is your wastewater. These three streams are there, but if you look at Alipay all this becomes one during rain and that is the problem with all most of our towns. So, first thing is to understand the flow of wastewater through a town that is the first challenge. The second challenge is it is not only the wastewater you know if you want to understand who is producing this wastewater is a society that is producing the wastewater. So, we need to understand the socio economic situation in a town. Then you will understand that there are slums, there are multi storied buildings and then there are you know very sparse settlements, there are commercial areas you know. So, there are different types of settlements within a town. There can be different clusters, there are very elite regions where there are poor people living. So, a town is a physically it is different socio economically also it is different. So, if you overlay your physical parameters over your socio economic you get something called sanitation zone because the solutions may be very different what you mean. Ability to pay for example, willingness to pay, ability to pay all this may be different. So, you can have so, who is to be given subsidy. Then we do not have to think about a town level we can easily tell that this is the wards that should get the subsidy or within this wards these are the households who get subsidy. So, that is the beauty of getting into a socio economic survey to understand the physical. Then what can good what could be the technologies that are needed for this different types of waste producers from a household level to a community level to an industry or you know to a multi storey what is the kind of technology that you need and then we which are the treatment locations you know that I will come to that. Then you need widespread consultations because how can you take a decision as a kind of an academic body you know you need urban local body members you need local politicians you need NGOs you know residence associations all this may be needed. So, you need a participatory situational analysis. So, who will do that we will say that civil society will do it who is a civil society it may be an I do not see any civil society here we are all civil but there is no society. So, what we are trying to do is to make academic institutions a new civil society and you do not have a ready made citizen as in Europe who will actually kind of tell about these are my rights and I were because that from French evolution there is a 200 years of democratization that is happened in those societies. So, we may not have ready made citizens here but we have very educated minority which are in this academic institutions which got this huge huge kind of a blessing to get into tertiary education who has to be made responsible because you have belong to 4 percent 5 percent of this big country. So, those can be citizens at least those people have to be citizens because they at the end of the day even if you are paying you know you are being publicly funded in many ways. So, you have a responsibility also to be citizens. So, can we make a student citizen is the question who can analyze problems at the local level and who can demand issues also. So, then our model starts with finding out a an engineering college a arts and sense college in the locality who can then do this analysis of the citizen which needs then consultation with ULB and things like that. So, we started with two towns we started with Alibag as a town Alibag in Maharashtra and Nedumangad in Kerala these are the two initial towns where they started with we collected the secondary data about demography urban finance there was this Maharashtra MSNA Paresh Maharashtra Sujal Nirmalabhiyan which has a which had a lot of data and then we had participate in a price cell we involve local colleges they collected primary data and continued conversation with the ULB personnel we had a questionnaire survey about domestic water sources of you sources usage access gray and black water generation and disposal methods these were part of our questionnaire we had discussions with the interviews we had drain maps made let us see what those are. So, this is the drain mapping this is the first level so first we look at flows so it could be so a watershed everybody knows a watershed a watershed actually tells about the kind of flow of water natural streams and the watershed is a unit where the water gets out through one point. So, if you look at the you know kind of map all the catchment of this you know kind of you know the let out point you get that is called a watershed. So, watershed is a natural unit in a slopey terrain but then wastewater also flows through that for which we construct drains so it can be it can be sewers or it can be storm water drains. So, if we map this drains also then what we get is something called a waste watershed so it is watersheds and wastewater also flowing in so together it becomes a complete flow of wastewater sheds. So, that is the first level of a physical boundary that we are trying to do which actually gives us some polygons where water is kind of flowing so these are physical units that we have so it is topography natural drainage constructed drainage and this gives us a wastewater shed and then comes something called sanitation zones. So, we overlay the socio economic details and then we get a sanitation zone. So, for example these are the kind of coastal pockets where you know there were mostly Kohli fishermen who were actually a kind of there and this zone was mostly government building so it was partially occupied and things like that and these were where the multi storied and you know things so you have certain kinds of zones over this physical boundaries when you look at the socio economic also and then if you look at this you know we can see that there are kind of natural drainage points also here so we found that you know actually the alibag water comes into either ponds or wetlands at the end of the drain you have those things so can we make you know kind of systems there and can we make better systems from the households that is the question that we asked. So, these are the treatment locations we identified which could actually be the kind of you know decentralized locations but you need to kind of make the households systems also. So, what are the challenges one integrating the spatial and socio economic data so one there is a physical boundary of a water shed then there is a political boundary of a ward or district and you know so there could be mismatch between these two so how do you make planning then you know exact volume of water is tough in India where various sources especially how do you compute ground water you have water authority public utility water coming in but then you complement that with ground water also you know so that is one major challenge. Then slopes with negligible gradient like alopee how do you develop a water shed so we here we develop something called canal sheds which I will come to you later then demystifying mapping with accuracy that also I will tell you how we did it you know we identify you know we had some tricks to kind of do that and then capacitors of academic institutions incorporation of this technology models in curriculum you know which actually is the next step that we are trying to do otherwise environmental engineering has only very conventional technologies in hand. So, local expertise local service producers or construction maintenance you know these could be the kind of challenges that we have. Institutional challenges you know if it is one STP it can be regulated very easily but if it is you know kind of 1000 units who is going to regulate it and how do you kind of ensure compliance. Septage management you know then participation in a campaign mode is very easy we found that you know 300 people could be brought together for a campaign of a summer school. But then how do you make it the plan in the programmatic thing there we needed our nine dear planners who are actually helping us it needs a lot of motivation it needs a lot of patience to kind of get to that stage. Yeah I think this all this will tell you you know the one thing is you know how can you make green tech technicians there could be 1000 biogas plans we will say that it is a big burden but at another level this may be 10 jobs of maintenance of those things which are actually green jobs in a in a in an economy which growing without jobs these could be possibilities. So this is the major problem buy-in of the political class fortunately in Alipay we got that so that is why after the two towns two small towns we came to Alipay because we had the political buy-in here and then the story is a different story. Yeah this is the exercise one is you know is all the plan is all the steps in planning process clear mapping of wastewater sheds socioeconomic survey arriving at sanitation zones no problem if it is clear also because this is what we are going to do in the rest of the days these three aspects keep it in mind how is you know how did how did we map the physical how did we map the socioeconomic and how did we arrive at you know zones zoning the first thing important make sure that all participants in their groups has understood this exercise please discuss among yourself today itself whether this is clear these steps this is the foundation of integrated sanitation planning that is key to this winter school you know so this is our experience from winter school winter school 2017 to winter school 2018 what we have done and Alipay as all of you know is in south of question and it is you know it is actually a narrow strip of land between the Arabian Sea and the Vembenard lake and in the Vembenard lake we have four major rivers draining into the Vembenard lake Vembenard lake you can actually see from here if you go into the terrace and then on the other side is the is the sea Arabian Sea and it is a three to four kilometer stretch of you know land is where we have it here you know because of this four rivers which came to Vembenard lake and there was a very vibrant port here so in 1759 this port and Alipay town was developed as a one of the first you know planned towns you can see the square roads and the big you know so this is the canal in front is one of these canals that we have so these two major canals connect Vembenard lake to the Arabian Sea and this is because this was a spices used to come through this rivers and for the transportation of that to the ports that's why these canals were made and then we had a intricate network of canals to kind of you know because it's a wholly it's a wetland so to drain it off we had a network of canals which actually drain into the major canals and then so this is twin purpose one was the drainage second was it was the hub of transportation people used it for you know bathing washing all the you know kind of water needs other than drinking people used to kind of have it from this lakes this this canals