 I've got to say that librarians have long been among my heroes. This dates back to when I was a kid and the commie scare was loose in the world. And it was the librarians that were protecting our right to lead in library at a time when opposing the dominant, who say it was very much not in the specifics. So the library is the nexus of the play of the acceptance of the information age. It's just as natural to me, I think Laureana has done a great job of starting this down this path to think about access to information without restrictions of place and without restrictions of format. And I look forward to continuing. My own position on open access to information is really rooted in the university mission, which begins to create and disseminate knowledge and art through research and creative inquiry. I think it's on a critical scale. And what I'm going to talk about is not open access journals, but open access to my results within the framework of the journals that have existed since I've been doing the research. In the university community, we seek rewards in the form of reputation and credit, not in the form of currency. And because of that, it is in our interest to have our work appreciated by other people because only after they appreciate it are we going to receive the credit and the reputation of that credit. So for us, the incentive should be in favor of putting the work where it will be read and where it will be appreciated, not in hiding it for any kind of other advantage. So I am in particular a computer scientist. I'm in the Institute for Software Research, which is where the software engineers hang out within the School of Computer Science. I think the journal structure in my field has been more progressive than the journal structures in the fields that we've turned up so far today. The publication policies in my professional societies have changed from systematically over the years, mostly in favor of more liberal access. So when I began doing research, the unit of currency, the unit of work to disseminate was the research report. In a journal, and it turns out in computer science, we have a number of high-quality conferences where the conference publication is the archival publication. This is at various times for this with odds, all of computer science and odds with all the rest of the university requirements. The reason for us to see is because our premier publications often go into conferences rather than journals. But because they're going into conferences, the publication cycle for us has been shorter for conferences than for journals. Probably one of the factors that have to be seen at first place. I realize that's different for us than it is for everyone else, but that's the setting in which I grew up. Many of us, since the web was new, created personal web pages on which we disseminated our technical reports, our preprints, and our papers to the extent that the copyright policies of the journals permitted them. And over the years, the journals became more liberal and have for some time now permitted us to post at least preprints and sometimes finished copies on our personal web pages for dissemination to whoever. Indeed, back when copyright permissions were on paper, they would accept a paper, I would receive a piece of paper, I'd suppose to sign the paper and mail it back. I made a practice of marking those up with a pen to retain for myself the right to grant permission for non-conversal use. This was probably a variance for the processes of the organizations, but nobody here would call me on it. And since they didn't object, I didn't see any reason to raise the issue to the level that anyone would notice. So I looked in my digital archives this morning and I found old files dating back into the mid-1990s that were web pages that were disseminating publications. So I've been doing it that far back. I should note that I have my favorite publishing with the conferences and journals of my professional societies rather than for the example of the Elsevieres, largely because of this distinction in their copyright policies. So I realized pretty quickly that disseminating via the web has all the charm of hanging my data on the wall and letting people scroll down through the data looking for what they wanted. I didn't have much I could do about that for a while, but in 2002 I created a personal database which has the meta information about all my papers. And so remember that in the early 1990s, late 1990s, even in 2002, internet speeds were very slow. And so the format in which you look at someone see being scrolling on a web page and look at a title and say, I think that might be interesting. Now I'll go away and have a cup of coffee before the PDF downloads. Is not the most desirable way, the most effective way of bringing people into my work. So what this database does is provide an overview page that has a title of the citation information, the abstract, and links to the file if I can produce it to a digital library if I can't retain it to some other source, possibly to the auxiliary material, data talks that I gave. So there's a overview page that the database allows you to visit and decide whether you want to work and then. Current transmission speeds, current bandwidth makes this point, I think. But at the time it was far from point, it was, it was a real, real health. So this, this personal database, which is named Mary, an afternoon librarian, provided this service for me. And then in 2007 or 2008, I learned about the Harvard resolution to put all of the Harvard research on the Harvard institutional website. So that, that's the right thing to do. This was about this, I think this was after NIH was requiring public access to materials they had supported, but for the rest of the technology right. So I was delighted to see Harvard take this public position and I went to my family senator and said, shouldn't we do this too? And much to my delight, we were already in the process of doing it. The open access resolution in November of 2007 was about the point that, that I was appreciating how important it was, and that set the basis for not only the university principal that we should share, but also for what has become the research children's. So a couple of years ago, I started converting my personal database over to the university database. And setting up a selected work page where I currently have educational papers highlighted, but when I have plans to convert that to personal selection of highlights. I'm really looking forward to no longer having to maintain my infrastructure. I'm looking forward to the university being repository. So I don't have to worry about making sure that all the files are still intact. I don't have to worry about, if I walk away for some reason, are the files going to evaporate. I don't have to worry about trying to make Google to index my database because the research showcases are anything to care of that. So this resource that the university has developed and provided has taken a lot of the administrative burden from me while providing most of what I was creating for myself. Even though only some of my papers are represented there, the monthly download report usually shows several times as many downloads as there are papers of mine in the showcase. So somebody's out there reading. I'm not tracking, hitting information about who it is, of course, but somebody is out there carrying enough to download the papers. So I'm happy with using the research showcase. This allows me to continue to work within the established publication venues that are the most common ones in my field. And then to take that material and to use it first on my own website. And now I should add that the copyright policies of my professional organizations permit not only personal web pages, but also institutional repositories to provide the information. So I'm cleaning on that count. And my understanding is that other professional organizations are coming in this direction as well. So this is serving me well. It's providing a nice hybrid between the established publication venues and my instinct that the research ought to be available to anyone I can persuade to take a look at it or anyone in the university can help persuade to take a look at it. And I can encourage you as my colleagues to share your work broadly and to think about this particular technical vehicle as a way to do it. The little extra effort that it takes to do this, to do this, to do this, can't be repaid. And as far as I can tell, it's not competitive within the other venue to which I might want to distribute. Thank you. Thank you.