 Welcome to Spotlight. I'm Colin Lauver and I'm Liz Wade. Spotlight uses a special English method of broadcasting. It is easier for people to understand no matter where in the world they live. It is January 2005. A man named Lawrence Summers was speaking at a conference. The conference was about women who work in science and engineering jobs. These kinds of jobs are called STEM jobs. STEM is the first letter of science, technology, engineering and math. It is a well-known fact that most of the people who work in STEM jobs are men. At the time of the conference, Summers was president of the famous Harvard University. His words made a lot of people very angry. Summers claimed that men were more highly skilled in math and science. He said that people should consider that genetics could be the reason more men than women are in STEM work. Some people were so angry at this comment that they walked out of the conference. The next day, media around the world were talking about Lawrence Summers' comments. It is true that fewer women than men have STEM work. But is genetics the reason? Could it be culture or history? Are women able to be as good at STEM jobs as men? Today's spotlight is on women and STEM careers. Almost every part of modern life involves technology and science. The global economy needs more and more people working in STEM jobs. The UN reports New ideas and improvements in STEM are very important. They are able to help achieve long-term development and the end of poverty. The UN reports that in the area of engineering, men are the majority in almost every country. They also report low global percentages of women studying computer science. The Elsevier Foundation is an international organization that supports women in STEM jobs. The foundation did research in countries in some of the world's largest economies. These included the US, Korea, India and Europe. They found that less than 30% of women study STEM subjects. However, the problem is even more serious. In some countries, women are studying STEM subjects, but they do not take jobs in science, technology, engineering and math. Sophia Hire is the Executive Director of the International Organization Women in Global Science and Technology. She told the US News and World Report Being able to get an education is not a solution all on its own. Women are half of the global workforce, but less and less women are going into STEM jobs. Many different theories exist about why more men are in STEM careers. One of the most common is that women are less skilled in science, technology, engineering and math. Many people believe this, but Joe Bola disagrees. Bola is a math education professor at Stanford University. She told Stanford Press There is a huge belief that boys are better at math. This does not agree with the information we have. And yet people believe it. You go into schools and the children will tell you that. People also think that women do not choose STEM careers because of marriage and children. They say that STEM jobs are more demanding and difficult for people with family responsibilities. Often STEM jobs involve big projects. Employers commonly expect workers to leave behind everything else until the project is finished, even if they have to work in the middle of the night. Lawrence Summers also talked about this in his comments about why fewer women work in STEM, he said. The best reason I can give is the general conflict between people's family desires and employers' desires for high power and high intensity. Also, many women say that they do not try to get STEM jobs because other people discourage them. Jennifer Selvidge is a student at Massachusetts Institute of Technology. This is one of the top schools for studying STEM subjects. She wrote in a Huffington Post blog, I am an engineer, an honors student, and a woman. People have also told me hundreds of times that I do not deserve to be where I am. Many people believe that it is not fair that women do not have an equal chance to work in STEM jobs. So people around the world are trying to get more women into STEM careers. One way is by celebrating the achievement and raising the recognition of women in STEM careers. For example, the Elsevier Awards are given out by the World Academy of Sciences, the Elsevier Foundation, and the Organization for Women in Science for the Developing World. These awards go to women in science from the developing world. Ekbal Mohamed Abdu-Daukan is one Elsevier Award winner. Daukan is from Yemen. She is the head of the Medical Laboratory Science Department at the Alsayid University in Thais, Yemen. Daukan told the Foundation, My father is in engineering. My mother is a housewife. But she was pushing me to finish my studies. My older sister is a doctor in geographic science. One cousin is an engineer. Elsevier Award winners come from all over the world. But one thing that many of them share is a strong system of support. The women scientists say that they have support from husbands, children, parents, and extended families. David Ruth is the executive director of the Elsevier Foundation. He told US News & World Report, You see a lot of women coming to get this award with their families. They have a support network. In parts of the world where gender is more of an issue, it takes more than one individual to be able to succeed. Women like Ekbal Mohamed Abdu-Daukan show that women can be very good at STEM careers. And more women are getting support from organizations like the Elsevier Foundation. Hopefully this will result in more women in STEM jobs around the world. This would provide more equal employment for women. And it would help their families and communities. But it would also help science and technology. Women often have a different viewpoint and experience than men. They bring important skills to the STEM subjects. Maybe with more women in STEM jobs, these quickly growing areas would improve even more. The writer of this program was Jen Hawkins. The producer was Michio Ozaki. The voices you heard were from the United States and the United Kingdom. All quotes were adapted and voiced by Spotlight. You can listen to this program again and read it on the internet at www.radioenglish.net. This program is called Women in STEM Jobs. Tell us what you think about today's program. You can leave a comment on our website. Or email us at radio at radioenglish.net. And find us on Facebook. Just search for Spotlight Radio. We hope you can join us again for the next Spotlight program. Goodbye.