 do arguments count as evidence? They have to, if and only if, all possibilities can be exhausted and presented by points like it's something infinite or finite, it's something independent or independent. If you can negate all the possibilities by the principle of contradictions, you remove the ones which produce self-contradiction and you're left with only one answer, then that's when argument becomes definitive evidence. No arguments aren't evidence. They're assessments of evidence. They're constructions that take evidence and get to conclusions. So they're not evidence, but they're the only way evidence winds up having value.