 Okay good afternoon. I'll talk about Bergen which is a medieval town at the coast of western Norway. It was founded in 1770 according to written sources and developed into the main town of Norway during the 12th century. It is surrounded by a lot of or quite large area with both land resources but also the coastal area which is important for for transport and which made this also which was made the base also for that the the town could be so important because it controlled during medieval time the trade along the coast of of Norway. Northern Norway had to go into Bergen before they could have contact with other foreign countries. It became part of the Hanseatic League and was the northern most office in this trade organization. In Bergen there has been a lot of archaeological excavations and the first big one was after a fire in the northern area of the medieval town in in 1955 but at that time botanical remains were only collected when they saw it as a big remains which they saw not shells and some cherry stones and and plums and so on and so it was not until the 1970s that we started with more regular collaboration between archaeologists and botanists and the natural sciences took part also in the excavation and and also from the 70s we have got a lot of new poll diagrams so I'll start with talking a little bit about the development in the surroundings of the town. We have a big lake some 20 kilometers south of the center of the town and the poll diagram from this site have been used to reconstruct the vegetation development the vegetation cover in different time periods. Then we have used a new methodology the landscape reconstruction algorithm it's called it's developed by Shinya Sugita and by using this it's possible to transform the pollen percentages into vegetation cover. We still don't get the perfect picture of the vegetation in different time periods but it's closer to reality than the pollen percentages and what we see here is that between 80 to 50 and 70 to 50 the forest is clear you see there is a stepwise opening the the green is forest so it gets less and less forest but especially after 250 AD and in medieval time we have the maximum heather cover in the area and heather was very important along the coast the heat lamps they were used for whole year grazing and that meant that people could have more grazing animals that probably needed that and that's what is reflected in those curves and we think that the increase we see in the Viking age may be connected to the need for wool for the safe on the Viking ships and then when it comes to medieval time it probably also reflects the need for food so meat to the town the increasing population in town which need food the pattern we see around Bergen is also found along the whole coast of Norway we have used the same methodology to reconstruct the vegetation development but and to the right you see some selected taxa and the darker the color the more of that taxa and you see that for Kaluna it's especially in the northern part of the area we should have something to find but but it's in in the north that we have the really high value so it shows this importance of the heat lands in that northern part but you also see that there is a decrease in the diseases for us that was probably nearly completely cleared for agriculture and we see the large extension of meadows pastures and cereal fields so it was agricultural area outside the town both north of Bergen and south of Bergen and this opening of the landscape is also reflected in in drawings from the from the town we don't have drawings older than the 16th century but it shows that the the surroundings were grazing areas and we have also some pollinator from a lake just outside you see on the right hand side there's a small lake coming in and that indicates that there were cultivation outside the town in medieval time but the longest core we have is from what was earlier a marine basin in the northern part of the town behind this harbor area and that shows three types of deposits in the in the bottom we have marine sand and yucca and then we have sand with a lot of wood chips and on top of that we have this typical organic waste which we get in the medieval towns with a lot of mosses wood chips nutshells and all this organic material and when we look at the pollen composition in these you see that in the bottom layer we have the the normal it's brasses and it's rhumax when nukulus comes in showing grazing areas in the prehistoric time period but then when we come to medieval time it's something completely different we get the species like vipia fava we get a lot of cereals compared to what we have in the bottom layers we have papava heliantum and also miracle it's very common and I have forgotten to write I see on the right hand side the most common species of of these centaurians it's that's good there and you see that is absent from the lower layers and and then it is what does this show and of course it doesn't show the vegetation surrounding this bay it is the waste that has been thrown into the that earlier basin and this is an illustration made by James Grave it's back to 1982 but I think it quite well shows the situation where we can have local pollen we can have regional pollen but but it's this pollen coming with the plants that have been used and also the pollen adding to this plants that have been used which can dominate some of the the deposits and that is what is the case in this in this case I think and he also investigated some grains grains and chaff and straw of cereals and found that they contained a lot of pollen grains both from the species investigated but also from the species growing together with the cereals the weeds growing there and in Bergen or in the area surrounding Bergen we have now investigated several countryside contexts with cultivated fields and this is our sites where we have samples from the late Viking Age we don't have so many from the medieval time but it gives the same pattern and what is especially important is that we we see very clearly we have both palm data and macro remains and what are the common weeds in in this area and Santoréa Cihanus and Papaver is not found on the countryside of of our region so these these species tells us about import of cereals to the town and according to written sources also cereals were an important import product to the town so Papaver and Santoréa Cihanus those are are okay they are weeds in a cereal case I have a bit more problem with Heliantum it's not growing in Norway at all but it's found in several of the samples so it it must have been growing in the vicinity of the areas where the cereals comes from I think or from some other plant material that we are not aware of yet yeah because it it shows the context at least with some other countries and also Wikiafaba was imported to Bergen and that is very common in these samples and showing at least in the start some foreign trade myrica on the other hand is growing outside Bergen it's very common there it's used for a lot of purposes and was an important beer spice before hops and also in fact partly simultaneously with the hops later on and we found that in in large quantity so that shows the utilization of the near surroundings of the town and we had a network project Hansa network project looking at plant material from medieval time in Germany, Poland, Estonia, Finland, Sweden, Denmark and Norway and what we could see was that we had fewer species in Bergen than especially in in Poland Germany that was a pattern also in the others in the other countries so but what was very common in all our samples and if we look at the number of contexts that are now included in or was included in in that project we see that the berries which could was growing just outside the town they could collect and could trade or had connections networks with the hinterland they were very common present in 20 to 30 percentage of the samples or the contacts that were investigated there is one very rupus chameleurs which also can show trade with northern Norway it's very common in in the north and we know that it was transported the whole coast down and also from in fact Norway to the Mediterranean there are written sources telling about this on on Sicily for instance but then in addition to these in quite many samples we have no oh sorry we have Vitis speakers and you glance and that shows the import to the town from distances far south of of Norway do glance or one is a bit underrepresented because it's present as single fine in very many contexts and we but we don't know the age of it and therefore they are not included in in these tables but we we see how people used post or had a context both on this long distance and also in the shorter distances to the near countryside and what is very commonly found in the town is hazelnuts we have thick layers of hazelnuts but when you look at the phone diagrams so that the upper there to the left where we have tried to reconstruct vegetation cover the the phone diagram I showed first that shows that there are nearly no kurilus left in medieval time in the surroundings of Bergen and also a local diagram down to the right shows that it I'll say it was present around Bergen but it's not in the quantity that could have contributed to all these hazelnuts which we find in in Bergen so there it's it's connections to some fjord areas in a bit longer distance from the town and we know also that it was a very important export from Bergen both in in medieval time and later so we see this mixture of of local and foreign trade and I think this spot from from Bergen from the 16th century summarized a bit of that it was found in just some ways deposits out in the harbor area and we found it was so the dominant species in this was the figs a lot of seeds of figs but also that probably strawberry, blueberry, rosemary, all these local species were also present but then we we also analyzed the pollen and that was dominated by cereals and there were also a lot of calluna vulgaris which is a common species in in the honey so we see that the seeds and the pollen gives very different patterns or they complement each other and very often in these medieval towns we it's only seeds that are analyzed but I think it's very important that we analyze both the pollen and the seeds to get the better representation of what is present yeah so that was what I had planned system thank you