 Abstract dynamic responsive self-assembly is the process of ordered super-molecular structure formation or reversible decomposition from building blocks. This process is driven by non-covalent interactions based on complex stimulus-responsive systems comprising different components within a micro-environment. Furthermore, stimuli-responsive assembly-disassembly is an intrinsic interaction process in organisms, indispensable in maintaining life activities and functions. However, the dynamic interactions between dynamically responsive nanodrug systems, durenesis, and biological systems remain unpredictable, which are a challenge for the precisely targeted therapy and controlled drug release of durenesis in vivo. This review highlights novel self-assembling peptide-based nanodrug systems and their biological interactions. By precisely controlling the shape and size of self-assembled peptide nanomaterials, biologically simulated components with diverse biological functions and precise transport at the subcellular level can be achieved. We have also summarized the limitations and challenges of responsive self-assembling peptide nanomaterials in clinical translation. Additionally, we have discussed the future perspectives. This article was authored by Yuhan Wang, Jiaxian, Jin Yan Huang, and others. We are article.tv. Links in the description below.